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怎样用Java的加密机制来保护你的数据...

 昵称eRDCH 2005-08-29
怎样用Java的加密机制来保护你的数据
作者:http://www. 发文时间:2005.06.29
Java开发工具包(JDK)对加密和安全性有很好的支持。其中一个优势就是其内置的对Socket通信的支持。因此,很容易做到在服务器和客户之间建立安全的数据流。

Java streams 是一个强大的编程工具。java.io包提供了很多标准的流类型,并能很容易的建立自己的流类型。流的一个有用的特点是和链表一样的简单处理过程。表A是一个用链表读取文本的例子:











ufferedReader br =
  new BufferedReader(
    new FileReader(“c:\foo.txt”));
  String line = null;
  while((line =
  br.readLine()) != null)
  {
    System.out.println(line);
  }


这段代码将 FileReader和 BufferedReader链接起来。我们在用客户机/服务器应用程序的时候也会用到类似的概念。

关键字

对于验证来说,关键字很重要,表B(KeyGen.java)提供了一个称为getSecretKey的标准方法。通过运行KeyGen来产生一个关键字。因为我们采用同步方法,所以客户机和服务器必须用相同的关键字。

isting B?KeyGen.java 
 
 
/*
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
 * User: jbirchfield
 * Date: Mar 19, 2002
 * Time: 9:33:22 AM
 */
 
import com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE;
 
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Security;
 
public class KeyGen 
{
 
    public static final String
	KEY_FILE = "secret.key";
    public static final String
	ALGORITHM = "DES";
 
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
        Security.addProvider(new SunJCE());
        new KeyGen();
    }
 
    public KeyGen() 
	{
        KeyGenerator kg = null;
        try {
            kg = KeyGenerator.
			getInstance(ALGORITHM);
            Key key = kg.generateKey();
            writeKey(KEY_FILE, key);
        }
        catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    private void writeKey(String
	filename, Object o) 
	{
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos =
			new FileOutputStream(filename);
            ObjectOutputStream oos =
			new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
            oos.writeObject(o);
            oos.flush();
            fos.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public static Key getSecretKey()
	{
        Security.addProvider(new SunJCE());
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        try 
		{
            fis = new FileInputStream(KEY_FILE);
        }
        catch (FileNotFoundException e)
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Key key = null;
 
        try {
            ObjectInputStream ois = null;
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
            key = null;
            key = (Key) ois.readObject();
        }
        catch (IOException e) 
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("key = " + key);
        return key;
    }
}


安全socket

我们从一个简单的类开始,它提供我们在普通socket对象之上的加密。表C(SecretSocket.java)包含了两段代码-Socket和Key对象。我们的构造器创建了变量并初始化了密码:

outCipher = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
outCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
inCipher = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
inCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);

isting C?SecretSocket.java 
 
 
/*
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
 * User: jbirchfield
 * Date: Mar 20, 2002
 * Time: 9:07:51 AM
 */
 
import org.bouncycastle.
jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
 
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.CipherInputStream;
import javax.crypto.CipherOutputStream;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.Security;
 
public class SecretSocket 
{
 
    private Key key = null;
    private Cipher outCipher = null;
    private Cipher inCipher = null;
    private CipherInputStream cis = null;
    private CipherOutputStream cos = null;
 
    private Socket socket = null;
 
    private String algorithm = "DES";
 
    public SecretSocket
	(Socket socket, Key key) 
	{
        this.socket = socket;
        this.key = key;
        algorithm = key.getAlgorithm();
        initializeCipher();
 
    }
 
    private void initializeCipher()
	{
       try
	   {
            outCipher = Cipher.getInstance
			(algorithm);
            outCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
            inCipher = Cipher.getInstance
			(algorithm);
            inCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
        }
        catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (NoSuchPaddingException e)
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (InvalidKeyException e) 
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
 
    }
 
    public InputStream getInputStream()
	throws IOException {
        InputStream is = 
		socket.getInputStream();
        cis = new CipherInputStream
		(is, inCipher);
        return cis;
    }
 
    public OutputStream getOutputStream()
	throws IOException {
        OutputStream os 
		= socket.getOutputStream();
        cos = new CipherOutputStream
		(os, outCipher);
        return cos;
    }
}


因为socket是双向的通信,所以我们采用两个密码。加密输出的数据并解密输入的数据。我们使用getInputStream()和getOutputStream(),这两种方法来加密合解密通用的输入和输出的经过包装的数据流。见表D。

isting D 
 
 
public InputStream getInputStream()
throws IOException 
{
  InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
  cis = new CipherInputStream(is, inCipher);
  return cis;
}
public OutputStream getOutputStream()
throws IOException {
  OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
  cos = new CipherOutputStream(os, outCipher);
  return cos;
}


在JCE的javax.crypto包中包含CipherInputStream和CipherOutputStream这两种流类型。他们接收输入输出的流对象和密码对象。

Socket 服务器

开始写我们的socket服务器类吧。表E(SecretSocketServer.java)是一个完整的列表。SecretSocketServer在一个端口打开ServerSocket,当接收到连接时,使用SocketHandler产生一个线程来操作连接。

isting E?SecretSocketServer.java 
 
 
/*
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
 * User: jbirchfield
 * Date: Mar 20, 2002
 * Time: 9:32:17 AM
 */
 
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.io.IOException;
 
public class SecretSocketServer 
{
 
    public static void 
	main(String[] args)
	{
        new SecretSocketServer();
    }
 
    public SecretSocketServer()
	{
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        try {
            ss = new ServerSocket(4444);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        while(true) {
            try {
                System.out.println
				("Waiting...");
               Socket s = ss.accept();
                SocketHandler h = new SocketHandler(s);
                Thread t = new Thread(h);
                t.start();
            }
            catch (IOException e) 
			{
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}


Socket 句柄

表F(SocketHandler.java)确定一个socket对象,通过KeyGen来定位关键字,并建立一个 SecretSocket 对象。

Key key = KeyGen.getSecretKey();
this.ss = new SecretSocket(s, key);


isting F?SocketHandler.java 
 
 
/*
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
 * User: jbirchfield
 * Date: Mar 20, 2002
 * Time: 9:34:22 AM
 */
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.security.Key;
 
public class SocketHandler
implements Runnable 
{
    private Socket s = null;
    private SecretSocket ss = null;
    private InputStream in = null;
 
    public SocketHandler(Socket s)
	{
        this.s = s;
        Key key = KeyGen.getSecretKey();
        this.ss = new SecretSocket(s, key);
        try {
            in = ss.getInputStream();
        }
        catch (IOException e) 
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public void run() 
	{
        boolean bool = true;
        while (bool) {
            bool = listen();
        }
        try {
            s.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
		{
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public boolean listen() 
	{
       int aByte;

        try
		{
            while ((aByte = in.read()) >= 0)
			{
                System.out.println((char)aByte);
            }
        }
        catch (IOException e)
		{
            System.out.println
			("returning false...");
        }
        return false;
    }
}


注意表F中的ss对SocketHandler来说是一个实变量。所有的socket处理都是通过SecretSocket而不是Socket对象。然后我们使用下面的代码:

in = ss.getInputStream();


记住,在SecretSocket中,getInputStream是和CipherInputStream以及InputStream相结合的。因为SocketHandler是一个可执行的界面,我们为它生成一个run()方法。这个方法只是在等待socket的数据:

boolean bool = true;
while (bool)
{
bool = listen();
}

listen方法用来监听socket 。
int aByte;
while ((aByte = in.read()) >= 0) 
{
system.out.println((char)aByte);
}


Socket 客户

现在我们来看看客户端。见表G。客户端的工作和服务器端很相似,只是反过来了。首先,我们创立一个套接字连接到服务器。使用KeyGen找到关键字,创立一个安全套接字(SecretSocket)。然后我们利用它的OutputStream给服务器发送数据:

Key key = KeyGen.getSecretKey();
Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 4444);
SecretSocket ss = new SecretSocket(s, key);
OutputStream os = ss.getOutputStream();
os.write("Hello World!".getBytes());
os.flush();
os.close();
s.close();


通过JCE中的Java流和链表,我们可以轻松的加密基于socket的网络通信。

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