张杰, PHP, Impossible is nothing: PHP单元测试工具PHPUnit初体验(原创)

Ralf_Jones 2006-06-27

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PHP单元测试工具PHPUnit初体验

z33 <newbdez33 at gmail.com>
2005.10.27

今天接到了个任务，需要对数字进行计算，因为涉及到整数，小数，和科学计数法等很多条件，所以人工测试非常麻烦，于是想到了PHP的单元测试工具PHPUnit，所以写个文档备查。

看了PHPUnit的文档之后基本有了一些了解，
http://pear./manual/en/packages.php.phpunit.intro.php

工作流程如下：
1.设计你的class/API
2.创建测试程序集
3.实现class/API
4.运行测试
5.修正测试失败或错误，回到第4步。

我们来举个例子：
下面是你要测试的class，其中formatn函数一个取任意数字的5位有效数字的函数。

代码:

----------format_number.php-----------
class fo {

function fo() {
}

function formatn($num) {
   $num = rtrim($num,"0");
   $pos = strpos($num,".");
   $num = str_replace(".","",$num);
   $count1 = strlen($num);
   $num = ltrim($num,"0");
   $count2 = strlen($num);
   $zeroc = $count1 - $count2;
   $num = substr($num,0,6);
   $num = round($num/10);
   //$num = str_pad($num, 5, "0");
   if ($pos !== false) {
      $num = str_pad($num, (strlen($num)+$zeroc), "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
      $dotl = substr($num,0,$pos);
      $dotr = substr($num,$pos);
      $num = $dotl.".".$dotr;
   }
   return $num;
}

}

接着创建TestCase，继承自PHPUnit_TestCase

代码:

----------testcase.php-----------
<?php

require_once ‘format_number.php‘;
require_once ‘PHPUnit.php‘;

class foTest extends PHPUnit_TestCase {

//这个成员变量是存放要测试的类引用
var $abc;

//构造函数
function foTest($name) {
   $this->PHPUnit_TestCase($name);
}

//new一个要测试的类为成员变量abc赋值
function setUp() {
   $this->abc = new fo;
}

//unset要测试的类
function tearDown() {
   unset($this->abc);
}

//自定义的testcase
function testFormatn1() {
   //调用要测试的类的方法，结果放到$result变量
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("100.234");
   //期望结果
   $expected = "100.23";
   //判断是否相等，这里使用assertTrue方法来判断布而值是否为true。
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn2() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.100234");
   $expected = "0.10023";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn3() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.100235");
   $expected = "0.10024";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn4() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.000100235");
   $expected = "0.00010024";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn5() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.000100232");
   $expected = "0.00010023";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn6() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("1343");
   $expected = "1343";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn7() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("1343.01");
   $expected = "1343";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn8() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("1343.05");
   $expected = "1343.1";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn9() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0");
   $expected = "0";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn10() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("105.2342");
   $expected = "105.23";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn11() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("105.2375");
   $expected = "105.24";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn12() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.000523751");
   $expected = "0.00052375";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn13() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.000523755");
   $expected = "0.00052376";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

}

最后还需要一个运行测试的程序

代码:

----------runtest.php-----------
<?php
require_once ‘testcase.php‘;
require_once ‘PHPUnit.php‘;

$suite = new PHPUnit_TestSuite("foTest");
$result = PHPUnit::run($suite);

echo $result->toString();
?>

现在就可以通过命令行运行这个testcase
php runtest.php

得到结果如下：

代码:

TestCase foTest->testFormatn1() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn2() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn3() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn4() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn5() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn7() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn8() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn9() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn10() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn11() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn12() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn13() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn6() failed: expected TRUE, actual FALSE

其中testFormatn6的测试失败，
我们就可以去检查一下我们的代码在什么地方出问题了。

补充一点
也可以把assertTrue方法换assertEquals，如下：

代码:

function testFormatn6() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("1343");
   $expected = "1343";
   $this->assertEquals($expected, $result);
}

如果失败得到对应的结果会直观一些（可以显示错误的结果）：

代码:

TestCase foTest->testFormatn8() failed: expected 1343 , actual 134.