网络环境下的教学发展简史 古话说:以铜为镜,以正衣冠;以史为鉴,方知兴替。在人们关注如何走出教育信息化的高原期,探索信息技术与课程的深度整合,努力提高教育信息化的效益的时候,看看计算机和网络进入教育应用的发展历史,可能会给我们一些启发。
Online Learning History
Let‘s build up a complete history of key milestones in internet-based learning. Each event should be a heading that includes the date.
1 1960 - PLATO 2 1962 - R. Buckminster Fuller publishes Education Automation 3 1969 - Founding of the Internet 4 1971 - Ivan Illich‘s Learning Webs 5 1979 - USENET begins 6 1982 - Computer Assisted 7 1984 - CSILE 8 1987 - M/EU (Mind Extension University) 9 1988 - Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training) Committee (AICC) 10 1992 - CAPA (Computer Assisted Personalized Approach) 11 1994 - Lotus Development Corporation acquires the Human Interest Group 12 1994 - Open University Virtual Summer School 13 1994/95 - CALCampus.com 14 1995 - Mallard web-based course management system developed at the 15 1995 - BSCW 1.0 16 1995 - Nicenet ICA launched to the public 17 1995/6 - WOLF / Learnwise 18 1996 - TELSI Pro developed 19 1997 - CourseInfo releases ILN 20 1997 - Manhattan Virtual Classroom in use 21 1997 (about) - Pioneer developed by MEDC ( 22 1997 - Deployment of Nathan Bodington VLE 23 1997 - WebCT 1.0 was released 24 1997 - Blackboard was founded 25 1998 - Martin Dougiamas begins preliminary work on Moodle 26 1998 - Blackboard released its first software product 27 1998 - Nicenet ICA2 is launched 28 1998 - CNAMS 1.0 is released 30 2000 - Claroline project was initiated 31 2000 - 32 2001, November - Moodle.com runs Moodle 33 2002 Multiple Events 34 2004, January - Sakai Project is formed from several college and university projects 35 2006, June - Moodle 1.6 is released 36 2006, July 26 - Blackboard announces Patent 6,988,138 37 See Also
详细的介绍 1960 - PLATO PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) system developed at the 1962 - R. Buckminster Fuller publishes Education Automation Relevant quote: "Get the most comprehensive generalized computer setup with network connections to process the documentaries that your faculty and graduate-student teams will manufacture objectively from the subjective gleanings of your vast new world- and universe-ranging student probers." (p.85) 1969 - Founding of the Internet US DoD commissions ARPANET. Hobbes Timeline. 1971 - Ivan Illich‘s Learning Webs Ivan Illich describes a computer-based education network in his book Deschooling Society. 1979 - USENET begins USENET established using UUCP between Duke and UNC by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin. All original groups were under net.* hierarchy. Hobbes Timeline. 1982 - Computer Assisted The Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC) was founded in 1984 - CSILE CSILE, an educational knowledge media system, developed by Scardamalia & Bereiter at Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. ... CSILE based on Zimmerman‘s (1989) self-regulated learning (CSILE term is intentional learning) and constructivists‘ view of learning. It emphasizes on building a classroom culture supportive of active knowledge construction that can extend individual intentional learning to the group level. The purpose is to make students think and reflect their thought process which provoke question asking and answering in a public forum. The ultimate goal is to get students involved in knowledge itself rather than improve one‘s mind, a World 3 view , which shifts from individual mastery learning to improve the quality of public collective knowledge (Scardamalia, et al., 1994). - from [1] 1987 - M/EU (Mind Extension University) In 1987, Jones launched M/EU, a cable channel carrying varied educational programming... The advent of the Internet helped facilitate communication in these telecourses.[2] 1988 - Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training) Committee (AICC) The AICC was formed out of a need for hardware standardization of CBT delivery platforms. Important milestones include: 1989 - Common platform guidelines for CBT delivery (AGR-002), 1992 - A DOS-based digital audio guideline (AGR-003) before the advent of window multimedia standards. The guideline enabled end-users to use one audio card for multiple vendors‘ CBT courseware. Due to the huge amount of CBT legacy courseware, this guideline is still in use., 1993 - A guideline for CMI (LMS) interoperability was created. This guideline (AGR-006) resulted in the CMI systems that are able to share data with LAN-based CBT courseware from multiple vendors. 1996 - A navigation icon guideline (AGR-009) to help standardize the student user controls in CBT. 1998 - The CMI (LMS) specifications were updated to include web-based CBT (or WBT). This new web-based guideline is called AGR-010. 1999 - The CMI (LMS) specifications were updated to include a JavaScript API interface. (This the basis of the SCORM runtime environment). 2005 - The Package Exchange Notification Services (PENS) guideline (AGR-011) allows Authoring/Content Management system to seemless integrate publishing with LMS systems. [3] 1992 - CAPA (Computer Assisted Personalized Approach) The system was developed at 1994 - Lotus Development Corporation acquires the Human Interest Group The system evolves into the Lotus Learning Management System and Lotus Virtual Classroom, now owned by IBM. 1994 - Open University Virtual Summer School [5] In August and September 1994, a Virtual Summer School (VSS) for Open University undergraduate course D309 Cognitive Psychology enabled students to attend an experimental version of summer school ‘electronically‘, i.e. from their own homes using a computer and a modem. VSS students were able to participate in group discussions, run experiments, obtain one-to-one tuition, listen to lectures, ask questions, participate as subjects in experiments, conduct literature searches, browse original journal publications, work in project teams, undertake statistical analyses, prepare and submit nicely formatted individual or joint written work, prepare plenary session presentations, and even socialize and chit-chat, all without ever leaving their homes. 1994/95 - CALCampus.com CALCampus was the first to develop and implement the concept of a totally online-based school through which administration, real-time classroom instruction, and materials were provided, originating with the QuantumLink campus. This was a significant departure from earlier methods of distance education because no longer was the individual distance learner isolated from the teacher and from classmates. Origins of CALCampus. 1995 - Mallard web-based course management system developed at the Mallard overview. See also CyberProf[6] (also copyrighted in 1995 from 1995 - BSCW 1.0 Papers and timeline are here : http://bscw.fit./Papers/index.html 1995 - Nicenet ICA launched to the public http://en./wiki/Nicenet 1995/6 - WOLF / Learnwise WOLF (Wolverhampton Online Learning Framework)[7] developed at 1996 - TELSI Pro developed TELSI (Telematic Environment for Language Simulations) was a VLE developed at the 1997 - CourseInfo releases ILN Mid 1997 CourseInfo founded by Dan Cane and Stephen Gilfus. http://www.news./chronicle/97/10.16.97/Web_company.html The "Interactive Learning Network" ILN 1.5, was released and installed at several academic institutions including http://www.cquest./env/aera/aera-lists/aera-c/97-11/0123.html 1997 - Manhattan Virtual Classroom in use 1997 (about) - Pioneer developed by MEDC ( Pioneer was an online learning environment developed initially for colleges in 1997 - Deployment of Nathan Bodington VLE Development of Nathan Bodington VLE at History of Bodington: http:///history.php Dates of Bodington development appear here : http://en./wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments 1997 - WebCT 1.0 was released Powerpoint presentation: http://en./wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments 1997 - Blackboard was founded 参考:Blackboard的发展历史:http://www./company/history.aspx 1998 - Martin Dougiamas begins preliminary work on Moodle This paper contains some early thoughts,Martin Dougiamas早期开发Moodle的思想: http://lsn./tlf/tlf1999/dougiamas.html 1998 - Blackboard released its first software product An online learning application, Blackboard‘s CourseInfo, developed at 1998 - Nicenet ICA2 is launched Nicenet provides Internet Classroom Assistant (ICA2) with web-based conferencing, personal messaging, document sharing, scheduling and link/resource sharing to a variety of learning environments. http://www./ica/ica_info.cfm 1998 - CNAMS 1.0 is released The Cisco Networking Academy Management System (CNAMS) is released to faciliate communication and course management of the largest blended learning initiative of its time, the 1999 Martin trials early prototypes of Moodle. Martin‘s paper, Improving the effectiveness of tools for Internet based education, details one case study and includes screenshots Desire2Learn founded in Canada (Jiahou注:Desire2Learn是加拿大目前正在中小学推广使用的学习管理系统,2006年年11月4日,我到加拿大参观学校,他们的教师正在培训学习Desire2Learn的课程设计方法。) 2000 - Claroline project was initiated The Claroline project was initiated in 2000 at the Catholic University of Louvain ( claroline.net dates and credits 2000 - In October of 2000, Manhattan Virtual Campus was released in its entirety on the Internet for free under the GNU General Public License. http://manhattan. 2001, November - Moodle.com runs Moodle See this announcement 2002 Multiple Events August - Moodle 1.0 is released Summer - Seque Project releases first version of its elearning software September - Site@School released 2004, January - Sakai Project is formed from several college and university projects (Jiahou注:Sakai是美国几家大学联合开发的学习管理系统,类似Moodle,目前正在国际上推广,不久前,华东师范大学邀请Sakai的专家来中国讲学。) 2006, June - Moodle 1.6 is released 2006, July 26 - Blackboard announces Patent 6,988,138 This patent, filed on June 30, 2000 (with pending and related applications dating as early as June 1999) and issued on January 17, 2006, contains very extensive claims pertaining to every aspect of online course delivery. The breadth of this patent would seemingly give Blackboard the ability to enforce this intellectual property against other producers of online course delivery systems. 2007,June,Moodle 1.71+ is released Jiahou注: 2004,中国部分学校开始学习Moodle 1.54 2005,哈尔滨工业大学将Moodle 1.6 进行中文翻译。 2006,3月,上海师范大学教育技术系组织2005级研究生学习研究Moodle 1.54 2006,10月,Moodle的中文名称被我们翻译为“魔灯”。 2006,10月,苏州市教育信息化工作会议上正式推广介绍魔灯(Moodle1.6)。 2006,11月,魔灯(Moodle1.7-1.8b)的中文翻译工作由上海师范大学教育技术系2006级研究生完成。 2006, 11月,魔灯(Moodle1.6)正式进入鞍山一中骨干教师高级培训班、淄博市骨干教师高级研修班、中山市信息化研究型教师高级研修班、英特尔未来教育校长高级研修班(上海)。 2007,魔灯(Moodle1.71+)将列入上海市闵行区、浦东新区、嘉定区的教师培训项目,浙江省教研活动,北京市部分学校的教师培训项目。 2007,魔灯(Moodle1.71+)将列入上海师范大学本科师范生专业必修课程。 更多参考,See Also : http://www.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Online_Training/Delivery_and_Management_Systems/ http://www.google.com/Top/Reference/Education/Instructional_Technology/Course_Website_Software/ http://en./wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments http://en./wiki/Computer-assisted_language_learning http://en./wiki/Online_learning#See_also Foundations of Distance Education 1997 Conference: Trends & Issues in Online Instruction http://www./html/journal/SEP01_Issue/article01.html mentions: Unix courses @ 资料来源: http://docs./en/Online_Learning_History
思考题: 1、 从信息技术在教育中的应用的发展历程,计算机和网络是如何与教学活动整合的?其发展的过程与教育思想的发展有哪些联系,为什么? |
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