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第六节 主谓一致
主谓一致有许多原则，概括起来不外乎三种一致原则，即：语法形式一致；概念一致（语言内容上一致）；毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致）。另外，根据代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致，还有指代一致。 一、语法形式一致 1、单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语，用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如： Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。 Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要取决于天气的好赖。 What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来。 2、由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如： The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.教材加上参考书对大学学生是非常有益的。 The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。 3、有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的所有东西都是物质。 4、当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语动词应该用单数形式；在and后面的名词前有冠词，谓语就用复数形式。例如： The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包。 The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黄油和面包。 5、当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： One of those students has passed the examination. 这些学生只有一个考试及格了。 A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.为语音课提前准备了一系列录音磁带。 6、由one and a half + 复数名词或the majority of + 名词作作主语时，谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如： The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的损坏品都容易修理。 7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可数与不可数名词作主语时，不可数名词的谓语只用单数，可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如： There is plenty of water in the pail. 桶里还有好多水。 There are plenty of eggs in the box. 箱子里有好多鸡蛋。 8、由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词)，many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： More than one student has passed the examination. 不止一个学生通过了这次考试。 Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 许多孩子在认字前就学会了游泳。 9、如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如： Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 四分之三多的土地已经收回了。 Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 到场的三分之二的人都反对这个计划。 10、定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如： He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 被选出来代表该组的人他是其中之一。 “Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident.“镇静”是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。 |
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