linux 操作命令

系统信息：

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 注解
arch	show architecture of machine 显示主机的体系结构
uname -r	show used kernel version 显示kernel版本信息
dmidecode -q	show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI) 显示硬件系统部件
hdaparm -i /dev/hda	displays the characteristics of a hard-disk 显示某一硬盘特点
hdparm -tT /dev/sda	perform test reading on a hard-disk 执行某一硬盘读取测试
cat /proc/cpuinfo	show information CPU info 显示CPU信息
cat /proc/interrupts	show interrupts 显示中断信息
cat /proc/meminfo	verify memory use 核实内存使用情况
cat /proc/swaps	show file(s) swap 显示文件swap情况
cat /proc/version	show version of the kernel 显示kernel版本信息
cat /proc/net/dev	show network adpters and statistics 显示网络信息
cat /proc/mounts	show mounted file system(s) 显示挂载系统信息
lspci -tv	display PCI devices 显示PCI设备
lsusb -tv	show USB devices 显示USB设备
date	show system date 显示系统日期
cal 2007	show the timetable of 2007 显示2007年日历
date 041217002007.00	set date and time - MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Second 设置时间和日期 - 格式：月日时分年.秒
clock -w	save changes on BIOS 保存BIOS设置

系统关机、重启或注销

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 注解
shutdown -h now	shutdown system 关闭系统
init 0
shutdown -r hours:minutes	planned shutdown of the system 定时关机
shutdown -c	cancel a planned shutdown of the system 取消定时关机
shutdown -r now	reboot 重启系统
reboot
logout	leaving session 注销用户

挂载文件系统

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 注解
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2	mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2' 挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备
umount /dev/hda2	unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first 取消挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备
fuser -km /mnt/hda2	force umount when the device is busy 强行取消挂载设备
umount -n /mnt/hda2	run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full 不记录挂载信息直接取消挂载 - 当硬盘为只读或硬盘已满时很实用
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy	mount a floppy disk 挂载软盘
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom	mount a cdrom / dvdrom 挂载CDrom或DVDrom
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder	mount a cdrw / dvdrom 挂载CD-RW或DVDrom
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder	mount a cdrw / dvdrom 挂载CD-RW或DVDrom
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom	mount a file or iso image 挂载一个文件或ISO光盘镜像
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5	mount a Windows FAT32 file system 挂载windows FAT32文件系统
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk	mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive 挂载USB闪存设备
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share	mount a windows network share 挂载windows网络共享