动词不定式
不定式:to + 动词原形 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 动词不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形",有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语:
注:作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如: It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work. 动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成. 如: Tell him not to be late. The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see,watch,look at,hear, listen to,feel和使役动词make,have,let等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如: Let me listen to you sing the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away. The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night. 5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用 动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用,构成不定式短语。如: The question is when to start. I don't know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 翻译下列句子,说出句中不定式的作用: 1. To grow plants is very important. 2. It is so nice to hear your voice. 3. My dream is to be a pilot. 4. He began to read and write at the age of five. 5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly. 6. Tom came to see me last night. 7. I am glad to see you. 8.Have you got anything to say? 9.There are many places to see in China. 10.I asked him not to open the window. 11. I don't know what to buy for you. 12. I saw him dance. 13. He often helps me clean the room. 14. They are too shy to speak English. 15. He was lucky enough to find his watch. 16. I want you to go there together with me. 解析:1、To grow plants做主语;2、to hear your voice做主语;3、to be a pilot作表语;4、to read and write作宾语;5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语;6、to see me作状语;7、to see you作状语;8、to say作定语;9、to see作定语;10、not to open the window作宾语补足语;11、what to buy作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、clean the room作宾语补足语(省略to);14、to speak English作状语;15、to find his watch作状语;16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 选择最佳答案填空: 1. Tell him ______ the light. A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn 2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared 3. We felt the earth _______. A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved 4. The students were made ______ the text ten times. A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read 5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable. A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit 6. Nobody knows __________next. A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do 7. It is very important ______ us ________these words. A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering 8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice. A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak 9. I'm going to the library ______ the books. A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend 10. We went to town _________ some shopping. A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do 11. The funny story _______ me laugh. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________. A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest 13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all the work. A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for 14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English. A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking 15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again. A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce 16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow. A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take 17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we? --- Not now. I don't want to stop _______ the letter yet. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write 18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin? --- Sure. A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it 19.--- How can I improve my spoken English? --- You have to practise ______ as much as you can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 20. --- How about going hiking this weekend? --- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______. A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home 1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA |
|