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初中英语语法复习(7) 形容词、副词的比较等级

 伯利恒之星(雨) 2010-02-22
形容词、副词的比较等级

  1.原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。

  句型:1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B

   2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B

   A与B在某方面不同

  注意:not as / so… as = less than 不及;不如

  eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.

     2)You don’t eat so much as I

     3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one

    = This book is ___ ________ _____ that one

  2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用)

  1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。

  2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。

  3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。

  4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?

  3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in , of短语连用)

  ( 注意:of + 个体名词单数  in + 集合名词 )

  eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

     2)He runs fastest in our class.

     3)He is the tallest of the three boys.

     4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?

  4.形、副比较等级的其他用法

   1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”

  eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒

  (但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)

  eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮

   2) “the比较级,the比较级”  “越……,越……”

  eg. the more, the better 多多益善

     _________ you are, _______ you will get.

     你越懒,收获越少。

   3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个”

  eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.

     2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D).             _________

   4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”

  eg. He’s a head taller than me.

     My brother is two years older than me

  5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”

  eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。

     2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。

  6)区别older / elder与farther / further

    older(年龄较老的)

    elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)

  eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.

    farther (指距离“较远的”)

    further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)

  eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.

    2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua. 形、副比较等级还应注意

  1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多 ; 更……”

  eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿

     2)much more 多得多

     3)even heavier更重

  但注意:不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。

  2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that; those; one; ones

  eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________

  2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that (D).                   _______________

  3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D).                _______________

  3.个体与整体相比,不能包括个体,常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。

  eg.1)Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体).          (  ×  )

  正:Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.

  =Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.

  =Betty is the cleverest in her class.

  (特别注意以上三种句型的转换)

    2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.

    中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。

    3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。

  *4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。

  eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )

  (all her sisters已排除了Mary)

  改:Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.

  5.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first)

  eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.    改错:________________

  

  附:形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则

  A、规则变化

  1.“辅 + y”结尾,变y为i加er , est

  (但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外)

  2.双写加er , est

  3.直接加 er , est / r, st

  4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副词也在前加more , most)

  B、不规则变化

  

  原级比较级最高级

  

  good/well

   better

   best

  

  many/much

   more

   most

  

  bad/ill/badly

   worse

   worst

  

  little

   less

   least

  

  old

   older/elder

   oldest/eldest

  

  far

   farther

  further

   farthest

  furthest

  

  另外:

  1)      以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, st.

  narrow ________  ________

  simple _________  _________

  able _______  _______

  2)      tired__________  __________

  pleased ___________  ____________

  3) often ________________  _____________

    friendly_______________  ____________

  4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。

  eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________

  5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).

  副词作状语,修饰动词。

  练   习

  一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级

  thin ____  ____     easy _____  ______

  early ______  ______ new ______  ______

  hot ______   ______ clever ______ _______

  little _____   ______ late _____  ______

  narrow______ ______fat _____  ______

  many ______  _____ big _____  ______

  dangerous__________  ___________

  wonderful __________  ___________

  careful __________  ____________

  slowly __________  ____________

  popular __________  ____________

  二、选择填空

  (  )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?

  A. difficult     B. the difficult

  C. more difficult D. the most difficult

  (  )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world

  A. bigger bridge  B. the biggest bridge

  C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges

  (  )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.

  A. strong as        B. so strong as

  C. so strong        D. as strong

  (  )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.

  A. more and rich  B. more rich and more rich

  C. richer and richer D. rich and rich

  (  )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.

  A. more ; much   B. much ; more

  C. more ; more    D. much ; much

  (  )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?

  A. good  B. well  C. better  D. best

  (  )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly  B. heavy   C. heavily

  (  )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.

  A. carefully  B. good  C. nice  D. fine

  (  )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.

  A. any country        B. any other country

  C. any countries       D. all countries

  (  )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.

  A. elder, three years older B. older ; older

  C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder

  (  )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.

  A. any girl         B. any other girl

  C. all the girls      D. any girls

  (  )12.This problem is ___ than that one.

  A. ten times easy   B. ten times easier

  C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier

  (  )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.

  A. more   B. much   C. very  D. the most

  (  )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.

  A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting

  C. interested nothing D. nothing interested

  (  )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.

  A. close  B. to close  C. closing D. closed

  (  )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.

  A. good ; good       B. well ; well

  C. good ; well        D. well ; good

  (  )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.

  A. better at      B. good at

  C. well in       D. weak in

  (  )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries

  A. west         B. more developed

  C. east          D. less developed

  (  )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.

  A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as

  (  )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs.

  A. the most beautiful  B. most beautiful

  C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful

  (  )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.

  A. strong            B. stronger

  C. strongest          D. the strongest

  (  )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.

  A. very ; to           B. quite ; to

  C. too ; to            D. so ; that

  (  )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.

  A. enough fast        B. quickly enough

  C. enough slow       D. slowly enough

  (  )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.

  A. careful ; careful     B. carefully; carefully

  C. carefully ; careful    D. careful ; carefully

  (  )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.

  A. careful B. hard  C. busy  D. happy

  (  )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.

  A. smaller B. fewer  C. much   D. larger

  附Ⅰ——动词的四种形式

  A、动三单的变法

     1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y为i加es

     2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es

     3)直接加s

  但have----has

  B、现在分词的变法

     1)去e加ing (e不发音)

     2)双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)

     3)直接加ing

  写出下列动词的现在分词

  1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______

  4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______

  7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______

  10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______

  C、动词的过去式和过去分词

  (一)不规则变化(见课本不规则变化表P255)

  (二)规则变化

     1) “辅+y”结尾,变y为i加ed

     2)双写加ed

     3)直接加ed

  写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词

  1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______

  3.prefer ________  _________

  4.study ______ ______5.try   ______  ____

  6.fix _____  ______ 7.relax ______  ______

  附Ⅱ——情态动词(can/ could; may/ might; must; should)+动原

  1.must(必须)——needn’t(不必)

    may(可以)——mustn’t(不许;不准;不可以)

  2.注意几个题:

   1)—May I go with you?

     —No, you _________.

   2)—Must I turn off the light now?

     —Yes, you ______/ No, you _________

  附Ⅲ——动词不定式与动名词

  A、动词不定式作宾补

    1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________

  否定式:tell/ask/want sb not to do __________

         ____________________

   2)省to不定式作宾补

  即:(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do

  l—let; m—make; n—notice; 3h—hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel

  但注意:1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)

          2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原

  eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.

     He was heard to sing in the room.

  B、动词不定式与动名词的区别

  1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do

  2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing

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