形容词、副词的比较等级
1.原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。 句型:1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B 2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B A与B在某方面不同 注意:not as / so… as = less than 不及;不如 eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one. 2)You don’t eat so much as I 3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one = This book is ___ ________ _____ that one 2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用) 1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。 2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。 3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。 4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本? 3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in , of短语连用) ( 注意:of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 ) eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 2)He runs fastest in our class. 3)He is the tallest of the three boys. 4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ? 4.形、副比较等级的其他用法 1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……” eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒 (但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副) eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 2) “the比较级,the比较级” “越……,越……” eg. the more, the better 多多益善 _________ you are, _______ you will get. 你越懒,收获越少。 3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个” eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins. 2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________ 4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级” eg. He’s a head taller than me. My brother is two years older than me 5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as” eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。 2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。 6)区别older / elder与farther / further older(年龄较老的) elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的) eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me. farther (指距离“较远的”) further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”) eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies. 2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua. 形、副比较等级还应注意 1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多 ; 更……” eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿 2)much more 多得多 3)even heavier更重 但注意:不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。 2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that; those; one; ones eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________ 2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that (D). _______________ 3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________ 3.个体与整体相比,不能包括个体,常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。 eg.1)Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( × ) 正:Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class. =Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class. =Betty is the cleverest in her class. (特别注意以上三种句型的转换) 2)China is bigger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。 3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。 *4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。 eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × ) (all her sisters已排除了Mary) 改:Mary is the tallest of all the sisters. 5.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first) eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错:________________
附:形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则 A、规则变化 1.“辅 + y”结尾,变y为i加er , est (但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外) 2.双写加er , est 3.直接加 er , est / r, st 4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副词也在前加more , most) B、不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/ill/badly worse worst
little less least
old older/elder oldest/eldest
far farther further farthest furthest
另外: 1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, st. narrow ________ ________ simple _________ _________ able _______ _______ 2) tired__________ __________ pleased ___________ ____________ 3) often ________________ _____________ friendly_______________ ____________ 4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。 eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________ 5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ). 副词作状语,修饰动词。 练 习 一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级 thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______ early ______ ______ new ______ ______ hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______ little _____ ______ late _____ ______ narrow______ ______fat _____ ______ many ______ _____ big _____ ______ dangerous__________ ___________ wonderful __________ ___________ careful __________ ____________ slowly __________ ____________ popular __________ ____________ 二、选择填空 ( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese? A. difficult B. the difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult ( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges ( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike. A. strong as B. so strong as C. so strong D. as strong ( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______. A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. rich and rich ( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one. A. more ; much B. much ; more C. more ; more D. much ; much ( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken? A. good B. well C. better D. best ( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily ( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom. A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine ( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa. A. any country B. any other country C. any countries D. all countries ( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I. A. elder, three years older B. older ; older C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder ( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class. A. any girl B. any other girl C. all the girls D. any girls ( )12.This problem is ___ than that one. A. ten times easy B. ten times easier C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier ( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one. A. more B. much C. very D. the most ( )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper. A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting C. interested nothing D. nothing interested ( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____. A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed ( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____. A. good ; good B. well ; well C. good ; well D. well ; good ( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women. A. better at B. good at C. well in D. weak in ( )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries A. west B. more developed C. east D. less developed ( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown. A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as ( )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs. A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful ( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua. A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest ( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work. A. very ; to B. quite ; to C. too ; to D. so ; that ( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus. A. enough fast B. quickly enough C. enough slow D. slowly enough ( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____. A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully ( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm. A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy ( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an. A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger 附Ⅰ——动词的四种形式 A、动三单的变法 1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y为i加es 2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es 3)直接加s 但have----has B、现在分词的变法 1)去e加ing (e不发音) 2)双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外) 3)直接加ing 写出下列动词的现在分词 1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______ 4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______ 7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______ 10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______ C、动词的过去式和过去分词 (一)不规则变化(见课本不规则变化表P255) (二)规则变化 1) “辅+y”结尾,变y为i加ed 2)双写加ed 3)直接加ed 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______ 3.prefer ________ _________ 4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____ 6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______ 附Ⅱ——情态动词(can/ could; may/ might; must; should)+动原 1.must(必须)——needn’t(不必) may(可以)——mustn’t(不许;不准;不可以) 2.注意几个题: 1)—May I go with you? —No, you _________. 2)—Must I turn off the light now? —Yes, you ______/ No, you _________ 附Ⅲ——动词不定式与动名词 A、动词不定式作宾补 1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________ 否定式:tell/ask/want sb not to do __________ ____________________ 2)省to不定式作宾补 即:(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do l—let; m—make; n—notice; 3h—hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel 但注意:1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省) 2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原 eg. Someone heard him sing in the room. He was heard to sing in the room. B、动词不定式与动名词的区别 1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do 2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing |
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