初三英语中考复习（六）动名词的用法

动名词的用法

动名词是非谓语动词的一种，它由动词原形加-ing构成，形式上与现在分词相同。动名词除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语（故称动名词为非谓语动词）。如：

Her job is looking after the baby. 她的工作是照顾婴儿。

She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。

Thank you for helping us. 谢谢你帮助我们。

She’s gone out to do some shopping. 她出去买东西了。

 

一、动名词的句法功能

1．用作主语

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。

注意：动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语的句型。

It’s no good talking. 空谈没有什么用处。

It’s no use crying. 哭没有什么用处。

 

2．用作表语

Her favorite sport is skating. 她最喜爱的运动是滑冰。

His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。

注意：不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。

 

3．用作宾语

She likes singing and dancing. 她喜欢唱歌跳舞。

He enjoys playing basketball. 他喜爱打篮球。

介词后出现动词时，通常要用动名词形式，不能用动词原形，通常也不用不定式。

Thank you for helping us. 谢谢你帮助我们。

He left without saying good-bye. 他没有告别就离开了。

 

4．用作定语

This is our reading room. 这时我们的阅览室。

He bought a new washing machine. 他买了一台新洗衣机。                                      

Betty won the first prize in the singing competition. 贝蒂获得了歌咏比赛的一等奖。

 

二、与动词搭配的doing 用法有多少？

英语中，某些动词（或形容词）后只能与ing形式即动名词连用。

1. keep doing sth 一直作某事

e.g. Keep driving until you see the cinema, then turn left. 开着车一直向前，看见电影院就向左拐。

 

2. keep on doing sth 一直作某事

  e.g. I keep on thinking about the match in the afternoon. 我一直在想着今天下午比赛的事。

 

3. keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事

e.g. Don’t keep your mother waiting. 不要让你妈妈久等。

 

4. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

e.g. He was busy doing his homework. 他正忙于写家庭作业。

 

5. spend time / money (in) doing sth 花时间/ 金钱做某事

e.g. He spends much time playing every day. 他每天花许多时间玩耍。

   He spent five yuan buying this book. 他花了五元钱买了这本书。

 

6. finish doing sth 完成某事

e.g. Can you finish writing in ten minutes？ 你十分钟能写完吗？

 

7. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事

e.g. The boy enjoyed listening to music. 这个男孩喜欢听音乐。

 

8. mind doing sth 介意做某事

e.g. Do you mind my opening the window? 你介意我开窗户吗？

 

9. feel like doing sth 想要做某事

e.g. I’m not feeling well. I don’t feel like eating. 我感觉不舒服。我不想吃东西。

 

10. stop (keep, prevent) sb/ sth from doing sth 阻止某人/某物做某事

 e.g. My dad stopped me from going out. 我爸爸不让我出去。

 

11. thank … for doing sth 为了某事而感谢某人

e.g. Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。

 

12. waste time/ money doing sth 浪费时间/金钱做某事

 e.g. Don’t waste time reading such books. 不要浪费时间读这样的书。

 

13. be worth doing sth 值得做某事

e.g. The teacher thought Tom was not worth teaching. 老师认为汤姆不值得教。

 

14. can’ t help doing sth 情不自禁（忍不住）做某事

e.g. She could not helping laughing after she heard the story. 当她听了这个故事后，情不自禁地笑了起来。

 

15. give up doing sth 放弃做某事

e.g. The doctor told me to give up smoking. 医生告诉我要戒烟。

 

16. have fun doing sth 很开心地做某事

e.g. We had great fun surfing in the sea yesterday. 我们昨天在大海里冲浪很开心。

 

17. have a hard time doing sth. 很辛苦地做某事

e.g. I was having a hard time finding the school until you came along. 在你来之前，我一直在很辛苦地寻找这所学校。

 

18. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

e.g. My grandpa is used to living in the countryside. 我的爷爷习惯于住在乡下。

 

19. what about / how about doing sth 做某事怎么样

e.g. What/ How about playing football this afternoon? 今天下午踢足球怎么样？

 

20. have trouble doing sth 很费劲地做某事

e.g. We had a lot of trouble finding the book you wanted. 我们费劲周折才找到您要的书。

 

21. practise doing sth 练习做某事

e.g. You should practise speaking English as much as possible. 你应当尽可能多地练习说英语。

 

22. It is no use (good) doing sth 做……没用

e.g. It’s no good complaining. 抱怨是没有用的。

 

23. without+dong sth 没有做……

e.g. She kept sitting there without talking to anybody. 她一直坐在那里，默不作声。

 

24. no+dong …禁止，不准

No parking! 不准停车！

No smoking! 请勿吸烟！

 

25. look forward to doing sth 盼望着做某事

e.g. I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望着收到你的来信。

 

26. pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

e.g. You must pay attention to protecting the environment.你要注意保护环境。

 

27. put one’s effort into doing sth 全力以赴做某事

e.g. If you put your effort into learning English, you will improve it.

如果你全力以赴地投入到学习英语中去的话，你的英语水平肯定会提高的。

 

28. suggest doing sth 建议做某事

e.g. I suggest going there by train. 我建议乘火车去那里。

 

29. consider doing sth 考虑做某事

e.g. I’m considering changing my job. 我在考虑转换工作。

 

30. avoid dong sth 避免做某事

The book tells you how to avoid getting ill while traveling.

这本书告诉你怎样在旅行期间防止生病。（avoid doing sth）

 

注意：（1） do+some+doing 的形式是一种常见搭配，这种搭配所构成的短语表达的意思仍然是短语中那个带ing形式的动词的意思。

e.g. do some cooking/ shopping / cleaning/ washing/ reading/  做饭（购物，打扫卫生，洗衣服，读书）

 

（2） “go+doing” 的形式也是一种常见搭配，意思是“去做某事”

e.g. go shopping/ fishing / swimming/ skating/ boating/ climbing the hill/ hunting / hiking / sightseeing

（去购物 /钓鱼 / 游泳/ 滑冰/ 划船/ 爬山 / 远足/ 观光）

 

反馈练习：单项选择

1. No one can stop her ____ away.

A. of going    B. from going    C. to go    D. out of going

2. Wu Dong is good at ____ English.

A. speak    B. speaks    C. speaking    D. spoke

3. They kept the fire ____ to keep them warm.

A. to burn    B. burn    C. burnt    D. burning

4. The girl students enjoy ____ English songs.

A. singing    B. to sing    C. sing    D. sung

5. Thank you for ____ us so well.

A. to teach   B. teaches    C. teaching    D. taught

6. Your teacher will not be pleased if you don't finish ____ your homework.

  A. do            B. to do          C. doing           D. done

7. These papers are worth ____.

   A. reading       B. read           C. to road         D. be read

8. It's very hot here. Would you mind ____ the window?

   A. to open      B. opening       C. open           D. opened

9. When they heard the bad news, they couldn't help ____.

   A. cry            B. cries           C. crying           D. cried

10. You’re going to England next year. You should now practice ______ English as much as possible.

   A. speak    B. to speak    C. speaking    D. speak about

(key: 1. B  2. C  3. D  4. A  5. C  6. C  7. A  8. B  9. C  10. C)

                                                                     Wang Lingmin