BREEDING
As you probably know, guppies are live-bearers. Which means that they do not lay eggs, but rather give birth. The females are about twice as large as the males. Females are usually a pale somewhat grayish color with perhaps a bit of bright color on the tail. Males however are generally bright colored all over, and are bred for almost any color in the spectrum. Males have longer tails than females, and instead of a normal anal fin they have what is called a gonopodium. A gonopodium is a modified, tubular anal fin used to fertilize the females.
孔雀魚是卵胎生的,不是卵生的,而且母魚體長大約是公魚的2倍大,母魚的體色通常是較淡且帶有些灰色色彩或許母魚尾部也會有一點點的色彩,至於公魚則是全身都有鮮艷色彩,公魚的尾巴比母魚尾巴長,並且除ㄌ一般的尾鰭(anal fin)外,還有一段 交尾器,交尾器用來使母魚受孕的
Guppies reach **ual maturity at about six months of age, though this seems to vary with water temperature. Up until that time all babies look like females, and then in the course of about a week the males will suddenly change color and the anal fin changes to a gonopodium. It is possible to ** guppies before that age. It involves putting your babies in front of a bright light and using a magnifying glass to look for what is known as the pregnancy spot that will only appear on the females. This is difficult and if you have a large liter can be very, very time consuming. Only do this if you plan on separating your male and female babies into different tanks as professional breeders do. You can also wait to separate your fish when they start to change into mature adults, as the differences become obvious a few days before the males become interested in breeding.
儘管孔雀魚成熟時間會隨著水溫而有所改變，但是孔雀魚到達性別完全成熟則需大約6個月. 在達到性別成熟之前,所有的小魚就看起來就像母魚一樣.,但在一週內,公魚會突然改變顏色而且交尾器成型. 在這之前,去識別孔雀魚的公母是可能的,將小仔魚 放在燈光前,並且用一個放大鏡去找出所謂母魚身上有的胎斑.這個方法是困難的.如果要從一個大的容器去找會 非常非常的耗時.如果你計畫像一個專業的飼養著所做將你的公魚和母魚放在不同的水槽你就必須如上述的做法.你也可以等魚長成大魚時再來分公母魚,但是要在公魚開始追母魚之前
One breeding can produce up to five liters. Depending on the female, nutrition, and water conditions, you should expect your female to produce a new liter every four weeks. Some females do have a longer cycle and unless there are other symptoms of a nutritional or environmental problem, don't worry about it. One of my females produced her liters every eight weeks. Her liters were also somewhat small but the offspring were exceptionally healthy. In my experience liter sizes range from 12 to 46, and since I have been unable to acquire information about this from literature I will have to assume this is a normal range. Also younger females tend to produce larger liters than older females. At about 18 months of age the female guppy will stop producing liters, and even males lose a lot of interest in reproduction though they will consider mating if there isn't too much effort involved. It is at this time that there is a tendency, especially in the females, to put on weight. Some guppy books say to put these older fish on a diet. However, guppies only live about two years and dieting during these last six months doesn't seem to really make much difference in life-span, or quality of life.
一次的繁殖可製造(產生)高達5LITERS。視母魚健康狀況；營養及水質而定,你可以期待母魚每四週生一次。有些母魚的產子週期也可能由於營養或是飼養環境等問題而變的較長，但是飼主卻不用擔心這種產子週期長短的問題。,我的魚中有一隻母魚每8週生產一次他的後代雖然有點小但是可以期 待健康的 以我的經驗來說每胎約12至46隻.並且我從文獻中無法獲得上述資訊我必須假設這是一個正常的繁殖 期並且年輕的母魚比老母魚生的還多隻.大約18個月的母魚開始停止生產甚至公魚失去追尾的性趣雖然考慮配對 如果沒有太多的效力.這時有個趨勢,特別是母魚,會變胖 .有些孔雀魚書籍說這些老母魚要控制飲食. 孔雀魚的 生命只有2年,但是這後面6個月的控制飲食似忽也不會讓他壽命(life-span)或生活的品質有太大的差異
If you wanted guppies for a simple tank display, I would suggest purchasing only matched males and females. This way you will not have to concern yourself too much with breeding or getting ugly odd colored offspring. It is o.k. to keep adult males, females, and babies all in one tank. When the tank becomes crowded the adults will simply eat the babies. This might seem like a terrible thing to do, but think about what would happen if every baby survived and seven months later those babies had babies. When there are fewer adults in the tank more babies will survive. The only thing you will need to concern yourself with in this situation, is that you don't have more males than females. Too many males will leave the females exhausted, and can lead to dead females. Which leaves the remaining females even more exhausted, and more deaths, until finally there are no females left. Most books are written by full time breeders who like to suggest buying several tanks. Serious breeders acquire many tanks, they have tanks for adult males, adult females, baby males, baby females, breeders, and feeders(those that they sell to feed to other species of fish), tanks for breeding and for giving birth. Most of us can't afford to buy let alone maintain twenty or thirty tanks, in a heated basement or garage just so we can have one tank of nice looking males to impress our guests in the living-room.
如果你只想養孔雀魚當做觀賞用,我會建議你買已經配對的公魚跟母魚.這樣的方法你就不用去考慮太多繁殖的問題或是生出醜而且怪顏色的子代.飼主可以將公魚,母魚,仔魚放在同一個魚缸內，但當魚缸變的擁擠時此時成魚會吃掉部分仔魚，這樣現象或許看起來是件殘忍的事,但想想若是每隻仔魚都存活下來，然後7個月後每隻仔魚再繁殖小仔魚，當魚缸內有粉少的成魚,較多的仔魚才得以活下.在這個情況下有件事你必須考慮,你不可以公魚多過母魚,太多的 公魚會讓母魚筋疲力竭而導致母魚死亡,存活下的母魚也會更累容易死,到最後缸裡的母魚會死光光.粉多書寫到:全職的飼養者喜歡建議買多一點的魚缸.認真的飼養者準備許多魚缸,成魚公,成魚母,小公魚,小母魚,配對缸, 飼養缸.多數我們無法負擔買及維持20或30個魚缸.但我們可以在客廳擺一個魚缸裡頭養著美美的裡讓我們的客人印像深刻.
If you really have a strong desire to have some control over how your offspring will come out, but don't want to devote your days and nights to guppy breeding, feeding, and cleaning then let me suggest keeping two tanks. One tank to house your adult males, the other for your females and offspring. Place a breeding trap or net in the female tank, and arrange a visit for your favorite female and favorite male. Fortunately, you don't have to worry too much about inbreeding with guppies, as the species doesn't seem to have many fatal recessive genes. If you do seem to end up with a lot of defective offspring, then put your male directly into the female tank and let him visit the harem. This will give you more genetic variety. The most difficult part to this is that when your young males mature you must transfer them to the male tank immediately. This is only difficult if you don't have much time to watch your fish.
如果你有強烈的慾望想管理保留子代,但是卻不想早晚的照顧餵食,及清潔,我建議你買2個魚缸.一個魚缸放成魚公,另 一個魚缸則養母魚及小仔魚.而在母魚缸中放一個繁殖盒並可將你所喜歡的公母魚養在這個繁殖盒內。你不用耽心太多的自交會導致太多的致命的隱性基因.因為當你淘汰多數的殘缺子代,然後將公魚放進母魚缸.如此做法飼者將可穫得更多的基因組合變化。總之，養魚最麻煩之處就是當你的小公魚長大而你需要趕快將他移至公魚缸時，,而此時飼主卻沒有太多的時間去照顧管理它們。
|
|
