如何做一个精彩的演讲

Deliver a clear, relevant message, and tell a few great stories to illustrate it.

Steve Jobs' 2005 commencement address at Stanford University has been viewed more than 2 million times on YouTube. Five years after he delivered it, a text version still flies around the Web. The speech is as powerful for its message--stay hungry, stay foolish--as it is for its structure and delivery. "Today I want to tell you three stories from my life," says Jobs. "That's it. No big deal. Just three stories." And with that, viewers (and readers) are hooked.

-----------------传达明确，相关的信息，并用一些引人入胜的故事来阐明。

　　史蒂夫乔布斯2005年在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的讲话在youtube上被观看了超过2百万次。他做完演讲5年后，文字版本仍在网上广泛传播。那次讲话如同它表达的信息一样强有力，保持饥饿、愚蠢，把这些作为它的结构和所传递的。“今天我想告诉你们我生命中的三个故事，”乔布斯说。“好了，不要太严肃，只是三个故事。”就这样，观众（读者）被吸引过来。

Future public speakers of the world, take note. You don't have to be a Silicon Valley billionaire to deliver a great speech. The best speeches include a clear, relevant message and a few great stories to illustrate it.

　　将来的公共演讲者，注意了。你们不必像硅谷的亿万富翁那样做一个伟大的演讲。最好的演讲包括一个明确，有相关信息且有一些故事来阐明它。

Forget fancy PowerPoint presentations and loads of data. Instead, keep your speech simple, with a clear beginning, middle and end. Focus on one theme, and eliminate everything else. "Speeches are an inefficient form of communication," says Nick Morgan, the president of Public Words, Inc., and author of Trust Me: Four Steps to Authenticity and Charisma. "People don't remember much of what they hear, so focus and keep it simple."

　　忘记精美的幻灯片演示和下载数据。相反的，使你的演讲简单，有一个明确的开始，过渡和结尾。关注于主题，减少其他的东西。“演讲是一种低效率沟通的形式，”尼克摩根说，他是公众言语公司的总裁，《相信我》的作者：4个阶段让人信任变的有魅力。“人们不能记住太多他们所听到的，所以演讲要集中并保持简单。”

Use anecdotes. "People struggle so mightily writing speeches when all they have to do is find a message and three great stories to prove it," says Jane Praeger, a Columbia University professor and the president of the speech presentation and coaching firm Ovid Inc. "Those speeches are also easier to deliver because you can recall a story from memory and tell it from your heart. The content has to be inspiring and visual. It should convey emotion and have a particular point of view. If you have the elements of a good speech, your delivery is halfway there."

　　用小故事。“人们非常非常努力的写演讲稿，但他们所需做的所有只是找到一条信息并用三个精彩的故事支撑它，”简普拉格说，她是哥伦比亚大学的教授并是话语表达的总裁和奥维德公司固定的教练。“这样演讲更容易做因为你能回忆一个故事并从内心讲述出来。演讲内容必须有鼓舞性和可视性。能传达情感并有一个特定的观点。如果你拥有一个好的演讲的这些元素，你的演讲就有一半了。”

Be relevant to your audience. Ask yourself what problem the audience wants to solve, and talk about that problem first. "Then and only then, talk about your area of expertise as the solution to that problem," says Morgan. "Audiences start off by asking why. Why am I here? Why should I care? If you answer those questions early, then they'll ask how. Your job is to answer the why question first and then address the how."

　　和听众相关联。问问自己什么问题是听众想解决的，把这些问题先说。“然后，也只有在这之后，谈你的专家领域里如何解决那个问题的，”摩根说。“听众在开始时会问为什么，为什么我在这？和我有什么关系？如果你早些回答那些问题，他们就会问如何做。你的工作是先回答为什么的问题然后演说如何。”

Ditch the thank yous, and jump right in. People often make the mistake of starting speeches by thanking the introducer or expressing their happiness at being there. "Instead, jump right in with a framing story that suggests what the topic is without giving it all away, a statistic, a question or some kind of interaction with the audience," says Morgan. If you know what your speech is about--and it should be about one thing--you should have an easy time deciding on an opening. Get right into the story and let the audience know what your talk will be about.

　　跳过感谢某某某，直接进入演讲。人们通常会犯这样的错误，通过感谢介绍人和表达他们在这的喜悦来开头。“相反的，用一个短小的故事引入意味着不是用这些有的没的的，一个统计，一个问题或者和观众的某种互动都行，”摩根说。如果你知道你的演讲是关于什么的，它必须是一个方面的，你应该决定让开场轻松。马上进入故事并让听众知道你将要说什么。

Use body language that makes you appear comfortable. If you show signs of nervousness, like crossing your arms, or clutching your hands in front of your stomach, your audience will sense your trepidation and be less open to your message. "You have to pretend that you're having a good time and are open to that audience so that they can have a good time and be open back to you," says Morgan. "Successful public speaking is all about passion and emotion. If you're excited, then your audience will be, too."

　　用肢体语言，这样让你看起来自在。如果你显示出紧张，像交叉双臂，或把手放在胃部，听众会感觉到你的恐惧并会减少接收你的信息。“你必须装着你很愉快并开对听众敞开，这样他们也能很愉悦，并反馈给你，”摩根说，“成功的公众演讲是关于激情和情感。如果你很激动，你的听众也会。”

Stand up straight. Whether you walk across the stage or stand behind a lectern, try to maintain good posture. "Imagine that your head is being held up by a string," says Praeger.

　　站直了。无论你是在舞台上走动或站在讲台后面，尽量保持好的姿势。“想象下你的头被绳子悬挂住，”普雷格说。

Articulate your words, regardless of your natural speaking style. "Authenticity is key," Praeger says. "You can't be someone you're not. On the other hand, you can be your best self. Softness doesn't detract from a speech if you're committed to what you're saying. Passion, commitment and conviction are critical for delivery, and you can do that whether you're soft-spoken or not. Any number of delivery styles will work."

Practice your speech beforehand. "You would do better practicing in the shower and running the speech in your head rather than practicing in front of a mirror, which is distracting," Praeger says. "You do have to practice out loud, hopefully with a small audience." Practice replacing deadening filler words like "um," "so" and "like" with silence.

　　说话清晰，不要关心自己天然的说话风格。“真实是关键，”普拉格说。“你不能变成你不是的那个人。另一方面，你能做最好的自己。如果你致力于你所说的，温和也不能使别人从演讲中分心。激情、承诺和信念是表达的关键，不管你用不用温柔的说话方式。任何一种表达方式都可以。”

　　预先练习。“你最好在洗澡的时候练习，在头脑中过一遍比在镜子前练习好，镜子前易分心，”普雷格说，“你确实需要大声的练习，最好有少量的听众。”练习用沉默来代替没有感觉的填充词，像“嗯，”“这样”和“像”。

Work the room. Try to speak to audience members before your speech, so that you can focus on few friendly faces, particularly if you get nervous. "If you're making eye contact with a friendly person in quadrant one, everyone to their left will think that you're talking to them," says Praeger. "Then do the same thing in quadrant two. You want to see your talk as a series of conversations with different people throughout the room."

　　工作空间。在演讲前尝试向听众成员演讲，这样你就能关注少量熟悉的脸，特别是你感到紧张的时候。“如果你看着第一角落的一个熟悉的人，在他们左边的每个人都会认为你是朝他们讲，”普雷格说，“然后向第二角落做同样的事情。你想让你的谈话如果和空间里不同人的一系列谈话。”

Most important, try to enjoy the experience. "The real zen secret is to love what you're doing in that moment," says Morgan. "If you can relax and be happy about being there, the audience will feel that way, too."

　　最重要的是试着享受经历。“真正的秘密是爱上那段时间你所做的，”摩根说，“如果你很放松并且在那很愉快，观众也会有同样的感觉的。”