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复数名词发音规则 以辅音/s/, /z/, /∫/, /../, /t∫/ and /d .. / 结尾的名词，复数加 -es后，发音为/iz/ buses /‘b.siz/ crashes / ‘kr.∫iz/ quizzes / ‘kwiziz/ garages / ‘g.ra:.iz/ watches / ‘w.t∫iz/ bridges / ‘bri d.iz/ 以清辅音/p/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ or /k/结尾的名词， 复数加-(e)s后， 发音为/s/ cups /k.ps/ beliefs /bi ‘li:fs/ plates/pleits/ cloths/kl.θs/ books /buks/ 其它常见的名词复数加-(e)s后，发音为/z/ days /deiz/ clothes /kl.uz/ trees /tri:z/ ends /ends/ dreams /dri:mz/ songs /s..z/ hills /hilz/ legs /legz/ 常见复数名词不规则发音 singular plural bath /ba: θ/ baths /ba: θs/ or /ba:ez/ house /haus/ houses / ‘hauziz/ mouth /mauθ/ mouths /mauθs/ or /mauez/ path /pa: θ/ paths /pa: θs/ or /pa: ez/ roof /ru:f/ roofs /ru:fs/ or /ru:vz/ truth /tru: θ/ truths /tru: θs/ or /tru: ez/ youth /ju: θ/ youths /yu: θs/ or /ju: ez/ 以-f或-fe结尾的部分名词，复数需将-f(e)变成v+es, 发音为/vz/; 其它以-f(e)结尾的属于规则变化 singular plural singular plural half halves /ha:vz/ self selves /selvz/ knife knifes shelf shelves leaf leaves thief thieves life lives wife wives loaf loaves wolf wolves calf calves sheaf sheaves 注意：dwarf, hoof, scarf and wharf的复数形式既可直接加-s, 也可将词尾-f(e)变成v+es. 以o 结尾的部分名词，复数需加-es; 其它属于规则变化 singular plural singular plural echo echoes potato potatoes hero heroes tomato tomatoes 常见单复数同形的名词 singular plural singular plural deer deer headquarters headquarters sheep sheep fish fish series series works(=factory) works crossroads crossroads means means species species Swiss Swiss aircraft aircraft Chinese(及其它国籍以-ese结 尾的名词) Chinese spacecraft spacecraft Japanese Japanese 注意： 1 部分学科名词以-ics结尾，如 mathematics, physics, athletics 是单数不可数名词，没有复数形式。 e.g. Too much mathematics is usually taught in schools. 有些学科名词以-ics结尾，如 politics, statistics 也可被当作复数使用。 e.g. Politics is a complicated business. （But What are your politics?） e.g. Statistics is useful in language testing. (But The unemployment statistics are disturbing.) 2 media (意为radio, TV, newspapers, the internet) 是medium的复数 , 现在常被用作不可数名词。 3 data 是 datum 的复数形式，但现在 datum已几乎不用了。而 data 现在既可被用作不可数名词，也可被用作复数名词，两者意 义没有区别。 常见部分外来词的不规则变化 singular plural singular plural analysis analyses crisis crises appendix appendices criterion criteria bacterium bacteria oasis Oases basis bases phenomenon Phenomena diagnosis diagnoses radius Radii formula formulae/formulas stimulus stimuli fungus fungi hypothesis hypotheses 其它名词的不规则变化 singular plural singular plural foot feet ox oxen goose geese penny pence louse lice tooth teeth mouse mice woman women 常见只表示复数意义的名词 cattle Many cattle are suffering from a disease called BSE. cattle是bulls, cows, 和calves的总称，没有单数形式， 不可用于表示个体劢物的数量，如 not three cattle. clothes Your clothes are very beautiful. Clothes 是衣服的总称，没有单数形式，但其前出现量词 修饰时，谓语与量词的数量保持一致。如：a piece of clothes is displaying in the shop. people There were many people at the meeting. people 是复数形式，其单数形式是person；peoples 表 示民族，种族。如：Some peoples are yellow races. staff The staff are on strike. The school's teaching staff is [are] excellent. This company has a staff of fifty. staff表示全体教员，职员，做主语时谓语劢词既可是单数 也可是复数; 可构成a staff of表示一群人.美式英语中也 使用staffs. crew None of the passengers and crew were injured. crew 表示全体船员，机务人员，是一个复数名词，但现 All the crew were saved. 在crews 运用也较多 police The police are looking for a fair-haired man in his twenties. police 是复数名词，其单数是policeman. the French, the Dutch The French are very proud of their sense of humour. The Dutch declared their independence from Spain. the + 国籍的形容词形式，指复数形式，表示这个国家的 人，such as the Irish, the Spanish, the Welsh, trousers, jeans Your jeans are too tight. Jeans are popular among the young. 此类名词没有单数形式。其他例子包括 pants, pyjamas glasses, scissors Where are my glasses? There is a pair of scissors. glasses and scissors 用短语a pair of 修饰时谓语劢词 可用单数形式 contents, customs, funds, goods What are the contents?(目录，内容) The customs have seized large quantities of smuggled heroin.(海关人员) 常见类似用法的复数名词还有：groceries, manners, the Middle ages, outskirts, regards, congratulations, thanks, remains, savings, surroundings, arms 常见不可数名词 不可数名词 例句 同义可数用法 accommodation Our accommodation is barely adequate. A place to live (NOT an accommodation) baggage All interline baggage is transferred automatically. A piece/item of baggage chess Chess is played by two people. A game of chess chewing gum A piece of chewing gum stuck to my shoe. A piece of chewing gum (NOT a chewing gum) equipment All their equipment is good. A piece of equipment; a tool furniture Some furniture is made of bamboo. A piece/article of furniture; a table, chair. information Information that is dated is not useful. A piece of information knowledge Knowledge is no burden. A fact lightning Lightning is usually followed by thunder. A flash of lightning luck His luck is on the turn. A piece/bit/stroke of luck luggage My luggage is overweight. A piece/item of luggage; a case/truck/bag news No news is good news. A piece of news permission Permission for modification is crucial too. - poetry Poetry is a difficult art. A poem progress Progress is not created by contented people. A step forward; an advance research The science research mechanism is founded. A piece of research; an experiment 0 rubbish The streets were littered with rubbish. A piece of rubbish traffic How terrible the traffic is! Cars, etc. vocabulary His English vocabulary is limited. A word/expression |
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