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一 if引导的条件句 虚拟语气的用法 :表示说的话不是事实 , 或是不可能发生的情况 , 而是说话者的主观愿望 , 建议或是与事实相 反的假设.e.g. If I were you, I would go there.(我不可能成为你 ) If虚拟语气用法如下 : 假设时间 If条件从句时态主句时态 Example 表示现在的假 设与事实相反 If + 一般过去时 (be动词只用 were) Would (should, could, might) do If we had time, We would go with you.(事实上没时间 ) We could ask him if he were here.(事实上他不在这 ) 表示过去的假 设与事实相反 If + 过去完成时 would(might) have done If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him. (事实上 没有早到) I would have called you if I had your phone number.(没有号码 ) 表示将来的假 设与事实相反 一般过去时 If + should do were to do would do If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(没有下雨 ) If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.(不可能下雪 ) 有时假设的情况并不是以条件从句表现出来 , 而是通过一个介词短语来表示 ,常见的有 without (= but for), but that, or (else), in case of, otherwise e.g. Without/ but for his help, we shouldn’t go out. e.g. You’d better hurry up, or you would be late. 二口语中常遇到的一些动词 ,动词短语及句式结构需使用虚拟语气 1. wish后的宾语从句 一般过去时(be 用 were) : 表示现在的愿望与事实相反 wish+ would/could do : 表示过去的愿望与事实相反 wished + 过去完成时 : 表示过去的愿望与事实相反 e.g. I wish I were as tall as you. (现在) e.g. I wish I would try. (将来) e.g. He wished he hadn’t said that. (过去) 2. it’s time that结构中需用到虚拟 , 从句时态通常用 should to 或 did something. e.g. It’s time we went to bed / should go to bed. e.g. It’s time we went home. 3. expect, believe, think, suggest, I am sorry/ surprised/ disappointed that构成的否定形式的宾语从句 ,通常 需用到虚拟 , 谓语动词形式为 should do, 意思是 “竟会”. e.g. I never expected that the problem should be so complicated. e.g. They just couldn’t believe that the new station should be so big. e.g. We never thought that she should be the brave girl we have heard so much above. e.g. I’m sorry that he should be in such poor health. e.g. We were surprised that he should be so lazy. 4. would rather/sooner构成的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气 , 谓语动词形式是 did something (be动词用 were) e.g. I would rather they came tomorrow. e.g. I would rather he posted the letter right away. 三口语中 ,为了使语气显得比较客气委婉 , 虚拟语气主要体现在谓语 动词上, 多用 should/ would/could/might do. e.g. It would be a shame to stop the work halfway. e.g. Such mistakes could have been avoided. |
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