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第十五讲 宾语从句(Object Clauses)
®知识要点概述：
宾语从句是初中英语语法中比较重要的一个知识点，在历年中高考中都占有一定分值，在历年中考题中以单项选择题的方式出现，因此对宾语从句的学习就好比过三关务必斩三将。
宾语从句知识要点（Knowledge point）：
§：宾语从句的概念及种类
§：宾语从句的引导词
§: 宾语从句的时态
§：宾语从句的语序
§：宾语从句的否定转移
重点与难点（Teaching key and difficult points）：
§宾语从句的引导词
§宾语从句的时态和语序
§宾语从句的否定转移
简单分析句子成分：
一个完整的句子就好比一个完完整整的人一样，必须具备大脑，躯干和双足，下图例证（教师简笔画板书黑板，例句分析简单句和宾语从句的区别，）：
She likes noodles.（简单句）
（主S）(谓P)（宾语O）
They speak French.
I know that the man is a policeman.（宾语从句）
（主S）（谓P） （宾语O）
I know that he'll come back in an hour
宾语从句的概念：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
Eg：My headteacher says that all exams are paper tigers .
Mr Wang said that all exams were paper tigers yesterday.
Yesterday ,The Physics teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
考点一：宾语从句的时态（这一部分我要传授大家我的独门绝技：“老成三刀”）
(老成一刀)：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。（主现在从自定） （老成二刀）2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。（主过去从过去）
（老成三刀）3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时（真理不变）
Eg： She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。
She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。所以，宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况而定。eg.
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。
（从句是一般现在时）
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。
（从句是一般将来时）
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。
（从句是现在完成时）
2）当主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时候，其宾语从句的时态一般要用任一适当的过去时态。eg.
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。
从句是一般过去时）
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。
（从句是过去将来时）
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。
3） 但是当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。eg.
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播得快。
He told me that I must go to school on time every day. 他告诉我我必须每天按时上学。
考点二：宾语从句的连接词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told that he would go to the college the next year
他告诉我他下一年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
我不知道你该依靠谁.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
【哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that】
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时; It means that the girl will go to LuXUN Park the day after tommorw.
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
This girl says that she will go to that park .
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里
在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
【连词that的省略问题】引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。
Everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。
【宾语从句的否定转移】
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
考点三 ：宾语从句的语序（从句使用陈述语序）
1.疑问词是主语
2.疑问词不是主语
情况1中语序是：疑问词+谓语+宾语（表语）
例如Could you tell me what is the matter? / Could you tell me what is wrong?
这里what充当宾语从句的主语，所以what is本身就是主+谓的正常语序，不需要倒装。
情况2中语序是：疑问词+主语+谓语，
例如Could you tell me what your name is?（what作表语） / Could you tell me where you are from?(where作from的宾语，整个from where作宾语从句中的表语) (或者说Could you tell me from where you are?
总之保证主语+谓语这1陈述顺序，即you are而are you)
如果以上2例中的宾语从句单独成句，则语序应该是：疑问词+谓语+主语，即What is your name? / Where are you from?
总之，不管是哪种情况，在作为宾语从句时，始终贯彻1个原则，那就是保证主语+谓语的陈述顺序。。本身就是该顺序的(情况1)就不需要倒装；本身是谓语+主语的疑问顺序的(情况2)
第二，实战大练兵：引导词和语序
1.He will fail in the exam .
I'm afraid that he will fail the exam?
2.who broke the glass ?
Do you know who broke the glass?
3.what are they doing?
can you tell me what they are doing?
4.Does his mother like the present ?
He didn't know if/whether his mother like the present?
5.Will she come tomorrow?
I don't know if /whether she will come tomrrow?
6.Where can I buy some stamps?
Could you please tell me where I can buy some stamps?
7.When does the train leace?
Do you know when the train leace?
8.The earth moves round the sun .
He said that the earth moves round the sun?
按要求转换句型。
9. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
→Could you tell us if /whether Mr. Brown enjoys living in China?
10. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
→He asked me if /whether the girl needed some help．
11. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
Neither Jim nor Tom is a student.
12. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know when the train leaves.
13. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)
They didn't go home until they had finished their homework．
14. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know if /whether Peter came here yesterday.
（如有不足请大家予以辅正，不惜赐教。为谢！）
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