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九年级中考复习资料 Unit 1-Unit 2 重点句型 1. —My name’s Jenny. —I’m Gina. Nice to meet you. 2. —What’s your/his/her name? —My/His/Her name is … . 3. What’s your/his/her family/first name? 4. —What’s your telephone number? —It’s 218-9176. 5. What’s his/ her telephone number? 6. —What’s this/that in English? —It’s a ruler. 7. —Is this/that your pencil? —Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. 8. How do you spell pencil?/Spell pencil./Can you spell pencil? 9. Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? 10. Call Alan at 495-3539. 重点语法 be在一般现在时中的基本用法：I用am, you用are，is跟着他她它。He ,she ,it用is，we, you they都用are。单数名词用is，复数名词都用are。 be的几种形式：is, am, are —being —was, were —been 主谓一致： 主谓一致的15种常考情况： 1． 表示时间，重量，数目，价格，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，尽管他们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或短语看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two months is quite a long time. Twenty dollars is enough. 2． 动词不定式，动名词，从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To see is to believe. It is not easy to master a foreign language. 3． 由and连接两个成分作主语时，要根据其表示的意义来决定谓语动词的形式。如果其表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数，如果其表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数。 The writer and the teacher are coming. The poet and teacher is one of my friends. 4． 集合名词people，police一般看作复数意义，其谓语动词用复数。另外一些集合名词family，enemy，class，army等作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当他们表示的是整体意义时，谓语用单数；当他们强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。 In England, people eat fish and chips. The Chinese people（民族）is a great people. 5． 名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers， its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该代词所表示的意义是单数还是复数。 His parents are young, but mine are old. 6． 以s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，如news，physics，politics，maths等。 No news is good news. Physics is the most difficult subject for him. 7． 由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等词连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数和最接近的主语一致。 Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before. 8． 以there，here开头的句子，若主语不止一个，其谓语动词的形式和邻近的那个主语一致。 There is a table and four chairs in the room. Here are some books and paper for you. 9． trousers，clothes，glasses，compasses，chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果前面有a pair of短语时，谓语动词用单数。 Jim’s trousers are brown. The pair of glasses is Mr. Green’s. 10． 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数而定。 A lot of people have been to London. Three-fifths of the water is dirty. 11． “a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A great number of birds fly to the south in winter. The number of lions does not change much if people leave things as they are. 12．代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Neither of us is a boy。 Each of them has an English dictionary。 One of the students was late for school。 13．All，some none，most，any等代词作主语时，若其指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若其指单数形式，则谓语动词用单数形式。 Not all work is difficult。 Not all the students are here。 14．有些形容词前面加上定冠词the，如the poor，the old，the yong，the rich，the dying等用来表示一类人时，主语为复数意义，谓语动词用复数。 The old are good taken care of。 15．Many a意为“许多”，但因后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。 Many a student has passed the exam。 练习： 1．The news for my brother。 A. are B. were C. be D. is 2．A boy with two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city。 A. were sleeping B. is asleep C. was sleeping D. are asleep 3．Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began。 A. are B. is C. was D. were 4．Neither he nor I from Canada。We are from Australia 。 A. is B. are C. am D. be 5．Jim works hard on his Chinese and 。 A. so Lucy does B. so is Lucy C. so does Lucy D. so Lucy is 6．Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow。. A. is B. am C. are D. be 7．Henry，with his friends， volleyball every afternoon。 A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played 8．Fish and chips the most take—away food in England。 A. are B. is C. were D. was 9．My family early in the morning。 A. get B. gets C. has got D. have got 10．Maths my favorite subject。 A. be B. is C. am D. are 11. How time flies! Three years really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were 12. liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. Of them are the pride of China. A. Both B. Neither C. All D. None 13. –Are the twins on the football team? -No, neither of them on the team. A. is B. are C. were D. be 14. Not only his parents but also his grandfather to a lot of places of interest in our country since hey came here. A. has gone B. has been C. have gone D. have been 15.There are enough in the fridge. We don’t need to buy any. A. milk B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. apple 16. A report says hundreds and thousands of trees in the Amazon rainforest last year. A. was cut down B. have been cut down C. were cut down D. had been cut down Units3-4 复习要点 1、介绍家庭成员 This/That is my sister/brother/mother… These/Those are my parents/grandparents… Is this/that your sister/brother…? Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. Are these/those your parents/grandparents…? Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t. There are 3/4/5 …people in my family. They are my father, my mother,…and I. 2、关于方位介词或短语 表方位的介词或短语有：in,on ,under,behind,near,next to,in front of,across from,… My book is on my desk, my pen is in my book… Where is the backpack/pencil…? It’s in/on/under…. Where are the books/pens/balls…? They are in/on/under…. 3、把…带去给某人 take …to e.g:Please take these things to your sister. 把…带来给某人 bring…to e.g:Can you bring my homework to school? 二、代词 ( 有两种：人称代词和物主代词。) 练一练： 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。 3、用所给词的适当形式填空。 8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom.( we ) 10）_____ is my aunt. Do you know _____ job? ______ a nurse. ( she ) 三、其他代词（有反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，相互代词和关系代词） 1、反身代词：表示某人自己的代词
反身代词在句中可作宾语、同位语、表语等，在使用时应注意它和它所指代的名词和代词在人称、性、数上的一致性。 Little Jimmy can dress himself now。 小吉米现在能自己穿衣服了。（作宾语） The boy in the picture is myself，not anyone else。 照片上的男孩不是别人，正是我自己。（作表语） I myself made the mistake about your address。 我自己把你的地址搞错了。（作同位语） 四、指示代词 指示代词是用来指示或标示人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”“那个（些）”，他们主要有：
1. this, these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that,those可指时间或空间较远的人和物。 This gift is for you and that one is for your brother. 这件礼物是你的,那件是你弟弟的.(this近指,that远指) I like these games but Idon’t like those. 我喜欢这些游戏,但不喜欢那些.(these近指,those远指) 2. that,those常常用来代替前面已提到过的名词,以避免重复。those 代指复数形式，that代指单数形式。 The computer works faster than those we bought last year。 这些计算机比我们去年买的工作速度快。 The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city。 乡村生活比城市的生活要安静。 对于上文中所提到的事物，英语中常用that或those表示，而汉语却常用“这”表示。如： I had a bad cold。That’s why I didn’t attend the lecture。 我感冒了，这就是我为什么没去听讲座的原因。 Those are the DVDs you want。 这就是你要的DVD碟片。 Units 5-6 重点句型： Do you have a basketball? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Let’s watch TV. No, that sounds boring. That sounds great. Do you like hamburgers? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. I like French fries. I don’t like tomatoes. 重点语法:名词 一.名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指个人，地方,机构等专有名称. 如：China, Shanghai, Li lei。普通名词又分为个体名词: 某类人或东西中的个体.如fighter, gun, country, 集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体.如 family, team, police, class 物质名词：无法分为个体的实物。如 cotton, tea, air, 抽象名词: 动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如: health, happiness. 个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词. 物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词. 二.名词的数。可数名词都有单数和复数之分。 Ⅰ: 规则的可数名词变复数的规则如下： 1.一般情况加s : books, mouths, houses, girls 2.以s，sh，ch, x结尾的es: classes, boxes, matches 3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变y为i,再加es: cities,countries, parties,factories 4.以o结尾的词多数+es heroes Negroes potatoes tomatoes zeroes / zeros 以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos , (pianos ,kilos photos是特殊) 5.以f, fe 结尾的改f,或fe为v,再+es,例如:leaves, lives, wives knives, halves, wolves The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life. 但是,也有一些+s,如roofs, proofs, gulfs, beliefs, handkerchiefs / handkerchieves Ⅱ: 不规则的可数名词变复数的规则： 1. man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice, 2.单复数相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes; There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servant—men servants(男仆). (boy/girl students) woman doctor—women doctors. 4.复合名词的复数形式: son-in-law----sons-in-law (主体名词变化) film-goer----film-goers, grown-up----grown-ups (如果没有主体名词,在词尾加复数) 5.字母,阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加“’s ”或“s”. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s. I will not accept your if’s and but’s. 6.物质名词一般没有复数，有时用复数形式表示不同种类， wheats, fruits, vegetables,有时表示更广的词义， wood—woods, water—waters, sand—sands 7.定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs. 8.集体名词people, police, cattle 总是作复数， ( people 作民族，种族时有单复数两种形式) Many cattle are kept. Several police were on duty. The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people. The English are a funny people. 9.集体名词class, public, family, population, team, crew, committee 等单复数都有，但意义不同。 The class is big.---- The class are taking notes in English. The population in China is larger.---- 80% of the population in China are peasants. 10. hair， fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。 His hair is grey. a rich harvest of fruit 如果表示若干根头发，表示种类的水果时，可以加复数词尾。 He had a few white hairs. What fruits are on sale in this season ? 11.以s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematics , physics, politics, 等。（news） 12.glasses， trousers， scissors， shoes， spectacles，等常用复数；但如果这些词前用 a pair of …// this pair of…//that pair of…等修饰时谓语动词有pair 来决定。 Where are my glasses ？ My new pair of trousers is too long. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 13.不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。 a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal… a bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap… 说明：可数名词和不可数名词之间并没有截然的界限；可数名词可以转变为不可数名词，同样不可数名词也可以转变为可数名词，要看清整个上下文的具体内容。 三. 名词的所有格。 Ⅰ.有生命的名词所有格的构成： A.一般在词尾’s. the teacher’s office, Xiao Li’s sister’s husband’s mother. B. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只加’ workers’ rest homes. the masses’ request C. 不以s结尾的复数名词加’s. children’s toys Women’s Day D:复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加’s. my sister-in-law’s brother. E:表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s. This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. F:表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s. Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face to the south. G:名词短语只在最后一个词后加’s. a quarter of an hour’s talk. Ⅱ. 名词所有格的用法： 1. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词，表示所属关系。 Lei Feng’s dairy. the Working People’s Palace of Culture. 2.也可用于表示时间的名词。 today’s paper. an hour’s drive. Friday’s work. 3. 也可用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词。 the country’s plan. the farm’s fruit. China’s population. 4.也可用于表示由人组成的集体名词。 our Party’s stand（党的立场） 5. 也可用于表示度量、价值的名词。 two dollars’ worth of books. a pound’s weight. (现代英语中，这种用法越来越多。) Ⅲ.凡不能用’s 属格的情况可用 of 属格表示所属关系。 the City of New York. a map of China. 特别是下列情况要用of 属格： ⑴当名词有较长的定语时， the name of the girl standing at the gate. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday. ⑵所修饰的名词前有数量词时， a play of Comrade Li’s. some friends of my brother’s . ⑶所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词时， that performance of the teachers’ . Ⅳ.双重所有格： 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。 a poem of Lu Xun’s . a friend of his/hers . Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ? some friends of my brothers’ . 5.几种特殊情况： the key to the door. keys to the exercises. notes to the text answers to the question tickets for the film//movie a check for $1500. anyone else’s book. the monument to the people’s heroes. the entrance to the station//cinema 在现代英语中of属格大都可用’s 所有格代替。 相关练习： 1---I feel tired. I have so much work to do and don’t have much time for myself, --you should take ________i think. A health B time C lesson D erecise 2--Ask the naughty boys not to manke any _______. I can’t fall asleep. A noise B sound C voice D singing 3.During Christams people get together and sing Christams songs for ________ A thanks B wishes C interest D fun 4.we have _________at seven in the morning. A breakfast B lunch C supper D dinner 5 –Please give me a____ when you arrive. --OK. I’ll tell everything as soon as I get there. A hand B present C ring D ride 6.We watch evening news on Channel I of ______at 7:00 in the evering . A.MTV B CAAC C.CCTV D. WTO 7---Can you tell me when ________is ? ---Yes. It’s on the third Sunday in June. A Mother’s Day B.Father’s Day C. Tree Planthing Day D .Thanksgiving Day 8.Where is Tom ? He’s left a ________ saying that he has something important to do . A excuse B sentence C message D news 9 If you want to know the meaning of a word ,you can look it up in a _________. A diary B diagram C newspaper D dictionary 10.The waiter or the waitress usually gives us a ______ before we order dishes in a restaurant. A menu B bill C list D form 11.Some ________are flying kites near the river A child B boy C boys D childs 12.---What would you like to drink,girls? A Two cup of coffee B Two cups of coffee C Two cups of coffee D Two cup of coffees 13.My school is about twenty _________walk from here A minute B minutes’ C minute’s D minutes 14.It’s _______bedroom . It’s clean and tidy. A .Lily ang lucy B .Lily ang Lucy’s C .Lily’s ang Luck D. Lily ang Luck’s 15. They are those _____bags. Please put them on the bus A visitor B visitors C visitor’s D visitors’ 16. A lot of stone tables and chairs are _____of the river and the number of them is growing _______ A on both side ,greater B on each sides ,more C on both sides, larger D on each side , more 17. I am thirsty. Would you bring me ______, please? A some bread B some water C some cakes D some eggs 18.These Germans want to have some ______for supper, so they decide to catch________now. A. fish ,many B. fishes ,much C fish , much D fishes ,many 19. The guide has some new ______.She can show them to us A rice B food C jacket D pictures 20 I’m afraid that there is no ______for you in my car ,because there are already five people A land B fround C room D floor Units7—8 重点句型 1 How much is the red sweater?It’s eight dollars. 2 How much are these white pants?They’re ten dollars. 3 Can I help you ?What color do you want ?Here you are .I’ll take it/them. 4 When is your birthday?My birthday is January fifteen. 5 How old are you?I’m thirteen. 6 When is the school trip?It’s April 19th. 重点语法 基数词的构成及用法构成： 1．1-12的表述1-12各有各的形式，即one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 2．13-19的表述13-19的数字皆以-teen[ti：n]结尾，其中，fourteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen和nineteen分别由four，six，seven，eight，nine加后缀-teen变成的，eighteen中只保留一个t。thirteen，fifteen分别由three和five转花而来。 3．20-90数字的表达20-90的数字皆以-ty结尾，其中，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety分别由six,seven,eight和nine加后缀—ty构成，eighty中只保留一个t。其他同上。 4．20-99之间的数字的表达20-99之间的数词须在十位和个位之间加连字符“-”，如twenty-five。 5．百位以上的数字的表达以及读在表达百位以上的数字时，必须在百位，十位和个位之间加and，在读音时也应读上and，如：104可表达为one hundred and four，486读作four hundred and eighty-six。 6．“万”的表达.英语中没有万和亿单词，只有百（hundred），千（thousand），百万（million），十亿（billion）。英语中表示“万”时，用10千。如：forty thousand四万。表示“亿”时需用百万来表示。如：two hundred million两亿。 7.1，000以上的数字，从后向前数。每三位数加“，”。第一个“，”前为thousand,第二个“，”前为million,第三个“，”前为billion.3,333,333,333读为three billion,three hundred and thirty-three million, three hundred and thirty-three thousand,three hundred and thirty 8.hundred,thousand,million 前有若有具体数字时，要用单数形式，但如果他们后面有of ,则要用复数形式。同时，前面不能再加具体的数目。 序数词的构成及用法 1 第一，第二，第三分别为first,second,third. 2 第四到第十九都有相应的基数词加th构成，有几个特殊，即fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth. 3 第几十把y改为 i加eth.. twentieth,ninetieth 4 序数词之前要加定冠词或代词。但序数词表名词时，可不用冠词。Who won first? 序数词表“再一”，“又一”时不用定冠词，只需在前面加a He failed once .Then he tried a second time. 5序数词的缩写形式是在数字后面直接加上序数词最后两个字母构成。1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,22nd,34th…… 6 100以上的序数词的表示方法 第100为100th (读作 one hundredth),101st 读作one hundred and first,其他的依次类推 分数的表示法 1 分数的表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大与一时，分母用复数形式。 2|3 two thirds 3|5 three fifths 2 整数与分数之间用and 连接。 One /an hour and a half 3 分数的用法结构为“分数+of+the+名词”表示“。。。。的几分之几”，当其作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于短语中名词的复数 One third of the shop assisstant in this departmentstore men 年月日的表达法 公元1900年：读作 nineteen hundred. 公元1908年：nineteeen and eight或nineteen hundred and eight 或one nine oh eight 2004年11月25 日：November 25（th）,2004（thNovemb读作November （the） twenty-fifth,two thousand and four. 在表示时间时，英语中常用日—月—年或月---日---年的顺序。如2004年6月1日在英语中可写为：June1,2004或1 June ,2004 或1/6/2004 或1.6,2004。在美国也可写为 6/1/2004或6．１,2004 时间的表达法 8：21读作twenty-one past eight 或eight twenty –one 8:56 读作four to nine 或eight fifty-six 8:30 读作eight-thirty 或 half past eight 在表达时刻时，如果在30分钟内，可用past 和after,如9：25 作 twenty –five past nine 或twenty-five after nine.如果超过30分钟，则用to ,如9：55读作 five to ten 1,-What’s the date today?-It’s _________. A Saturday. B June C June 1st 2,Can you see any potatoes in______picture? A the second B second C, two 3,I hear we will have a_________holiday in___________. A, two day’s, two day’s time B, two-day, two days’ time C, two days, two-day time 4,The_____man on the left is Beckham, a famous football player. A, two B, second C, three 5,He believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the _____ floor. A lowest B, ten C, tenth 6,-Which class won the match in the end? -I’m not quite sure. Maybe_________ did. A, Class Third B, Class three C, third Class D, Class Three 7-How often are the Olympic Games held?-_______ four years. A, Every B, Each C, In D, For 8-Could you please tell me what time it is now? -Certainly, it’s_________. A, ten and twenty B, twenty past ten C ten twenty D,both B and C 9 Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a_______try. A second B, third C, fourth D fifth 10 LiuXiang, 21 , is an Olympic winner in the ________hurdles(跨栏).We’re proud of him. A,110-metre B,110-metres C,110 metre 11Harbin is a beautiful city.__________ people come here to visit the Sun Island every year. A,Thousands B,Thousand of C,Thousands of 12,Nanjing is a city with many places of interest.______ tourists come here every year. A,Thousand of B, Thousand C, Thousands D, Thousands of 13,-How many people are there in Changsha? -About six ______. A, million B, millions C, millions of 14,-How many students are there in your newly built school? -Two thousand in _________classrooms. A, four B, fourth C, forty D, the fortieth 15,Our summer holiday is coming. Two _______ the students in our school will go to the beach. A, hundred B, hundred C, hundred of D, hundreds of 16,The old tower looks nice. It’s about________. A, twelve-meter-high B, twelve-meters high C, twelve-meter high D, twelve meters high 17,In the past few years, many tall buildings have been built in our city. The tallest is an ________that stands in the centre. A,80-floor building B,60-floor buildings C,80-floor buildings D,70-floors building 18,-Do you know when the PLA was founded?- __________. A, On October 1,1949 B, On August 1 ,1927 C, On July 1,1921 D, In May, 1922 19,-What’s the population of the world? -It’s more than __________. A, five billion B, six billion C, seven billion D, eight billion 购物时的日常用语 1 我能帮你吗？ What can I for you ?Can (may) I help you? Is there anything I can do for you? May I do something for you? 2 Which shirt…..do you like? What size (color, kind….)do you want ?What about these (those)?What else do would you like? 3 Can you show me…?I would like (want)some …Have you got any ….?I’m looking for …?May I have a look at it /them? It’s too big /small .How much is it?(are they)Can it/(they) be cheaper?That’s much too dear.How much do you want ?I’ll take it/them Unit 9—Unit 10 重点短语 1. go to a movie去看电影 2. learn about 了解 3. on weekends 在周末 4. speak English 说英语 5. play the guitar 弹吉他 6. play chess 下象棋 7. be good with 与……相处很好 8. help sb. with sth./doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 9. play the drums 打鼓 10. play the piano 弹钢琴 11. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 12. do Chinese Kungfu 表演中国功夫 重点句型 1．-Let’s go to the movies. –Sure. That sounds interesting. 2. –What kind of movies do you like? –I like action movies. 3. –Do you want to go to a movie? –Yes, I do. I want to see an action movie. 4. -Does he/she want to go to a movie? -Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn’t. 5. I like thrillers and I also like action movies. I like comedies but I don’t like documentaries. 6. What kind of shows are scary? 7. Who is your favorite actor? 8. Let’s join the basketball club. 9. What about you? 10. -Which club do you want to join? -I want to join the art club. 11. -Can you play the guitar? -Oh, yes. And I can play it well. 12. Can you help the kids with swimming? 13.- What can you do? -I can dance. 重点词语 1. want的用法: 及物动词,后面可接名词,代词, 动词不定式,还可以用want sb. to do sth.. I want to go to a movie. I want him to come to my birthday party. 2. say, talk, speak tell的区别: Say是及物动词, 强调说话内容, 后要跟宾语,但宾语只能是 “话”而不能是人. What did he say about it? He says, “Let me help you.” Talk强调谈话的动作,不强调谈话的内容,可以和speak替换。后接to 或with sb 表示“与某人谈话”。 接about 或of 表示谈话的内容。 What are you talking about？ He’s talking to us about you. Tell 后面接双宾语或复合宾语, 表示“告诉，讲述”。 Miss Gao often tells us English stories in class. Speak强调说话的能力,方式和对象,不强调说话的内容。作及物动词用时后只接语言；作不及物动词用时后常接to sb或with sb表示“与……说话”，接about 或of，表示“谈到……”，speak也常作为打电话用语。 She speaks English very well. He is speaking at the meeting. I’d like to speak to you about my son. 冠词的用法 一、 不定冠词的用法 1.表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个，经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。 I am reading an interesting story. There is a tree in front of my house. 2.代表人或事物的某一种类，强调整体，即以其中的一个代表一类。用来列举此类人或事物中的任何一个都具有某种能力或某种特征。 A horse is useful to mankind. A bird can fly. 3.代表所属的类别，这种用法表示人或事物的身份、性质等。 My father is a doctor. My wish is to become a teacher when I grow up. 4.用在事物的“单位”前，如时间、速度、价格等有意义的名词之前，表示“每一”。 We often go to school twice a day. Take this medicine three times a day and very soon you’ll feel better. 5.用力指某人某物，但不具体指任何人或任何物，只说明大体情况。 A boy came to see you a moment ago. I got this tool in a shop. We need a car now. She is ill, she has to see a doctor. 6.用于某些固定词组。 a few 几个 a little 有点 a lot of 很多 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a rest 休息一下 She has a few friends in this city. There is a little milk in the bottle. 7.不定冠词的习惯用法。 英语中的很多习惯用法中都含有不定冠词，一般没有明确的规律可遵循，只能通过更多的积累和反复的实践才能牢固掌握。常见不定冠词的习惯短语归纳如下： a moment ago 一会儿前 twice a week 每周两次 for a time 一段时间 in a while 一会儿后 in a moment 一会儿后 just a moment/minute 一会儿 after a time/while 一段时间之后 二、 定冠词的用法 1.特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。 The bag in the desk is mine. Is this the book you are looking for? 2. 指上文中已提到过的人或事物或谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop.The book costs 15 yuan. Would you mind turning up the radio a little? I can’t hear it clearly. 3.表示世界上独一无二的食物（主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体）或用于自然界现象。 the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 the winter night 冬夜 I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening. 4.定冠词与单数名词连用，表示这一类人或物。 The dog is not dangerous. 用法比较 A cat has sharp eyes at night. Cats are loved by many people. The cat can catch the mouse. The cats here don’t like fish. 前三句中的a cat, cats, the cat 都可表示泛指意义的“猫”，但之间略有区别。a cat 突出强调这类事物中的任何一个；cats突出强调猫这一群体；the cat是与其他事物相对照而言的。第四句中的the cats 是特指。 5.定冠词与某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，表示某一类人。 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤者 the sick 病人 the deaf 聋子 The new is to take the place of the old. 6.用在序数词、形容词最高级所修饰的名词前。 This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited. He is the first to come and the last to leave. 7.用于表示具体的地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一个部分等。 We have friends all over the world. My parents live in the peaceful countryside. 8.用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动、运动场所的名称前。 The little girl likes to play the violin. They are going to the cinema tonight. 9.用在报刊、杂志的名称的名词前。 I am reading the China Daily now. Have you got the Evening Paper yet? 10.用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称之前。 We live near the Yellow River. The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China. 11.用在姓名复数名词之前，表示一家人。 The Greens are very kind to us. The Whites like the classic music. 12.用于某些固定短语中。 by the way 顺便 join the army 参军listen to the radio 听收音机 tell the truth 说实话 go to the cinema 去看电影 all the same 完全一样 just the same 完全一样 with the help of 在…的帮助下 on/over/through the radio 从收音机上 三、 不用冠词的用法 1.专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。 I think water is a kind of food , too. Money is not everything. 2.表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词。 It’s time for breakfast. What do you have for lunch? 用法点津： ① 如果指具体的饮食词前用定冠词the。 The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive. ② 当三餐前有形容词修饰时常加不定冠词。 We had a rich lunch yesterday. 3.在季节、月份、星期、节日、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。 Summer is hot and winter is cold here. New Year’s Day is coming. Today is the first day of May. Do you like to play football or baseball? 4.在集体的学科、各种语言前不用冠词。 Can you speak English? It’s difficult to learn Physics well. 5.在家庭、单位、某一组织中处于独一无二的地位或职位时，一般不用冠词。 Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip. I usually help my Dad on the farm on Sundays. 6.名词前如果出现this, that, this, my, Jane’s, some, any等限定词时，其前不能再加冠词。 This is my address. His camera is like mine. 7.某些固定词组不用冠词。 by air 乘飞机 on foot 步行 at night 晚上 after school 放学后 at home 在家 go to class 上课 in fact 事实上 from morning till night 从早到晚 练习： 1. Tom Hanks is American actor. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 2. –Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? --Yes. I’ve had wonderful time. A. / B. a C. the D. an 3. --Ellen, you look so happy. --Well, I’ve got A in my history test. A. a B. an C. the D. / 4. Millie has e-dog and its name is Hobo. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 5. ---What’s this in English? ---It’s ruler. A. a B. the C. 不填 6. We’re going to have exam tomorrow. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. There is apple tree in my garden. It’s over ten years old. A. the B. a C. an D. 不填 8. ---What can I do for you? ---I want orange blouse for my daughter. A. an B. the C., a D. / 9. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. A. What a, an B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the 10. ---Do you know lady in blue？ A. the B. a C. an D. 不填 11. ---Excuse me, sir, which cup is yours? --- small one. A. / B. A C. An D. The 12. history of this special Pacific island brought unusual feeling to me. A. The, a B. A, an C. The, an D. A, a 13. This is song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it beautiful one? A. the, a B. the, the C. a, a D. a , the 14. Look at skirt, I bought it for Mum on Mother’s Day. Isn’t it nice? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 15. ---Mum, where is my MP3? ---It’s in black box near the computer. A. a B. an C. the D. / 16. ---Who is man with glasses? ---Oh, he’s our new English teacher, Mr. Li. A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. My brother studies in university. university is very far from here. A. an, The B. a, The C. the, A D. a, A 18. Could you tell me answer to this problem? I can’t work out it myself. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 19. People like to see films on TV instead of going to cinema. A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填 20. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on third Sunday in June. A. the, 不填 B. the , a C. 不填，the D. a, 不填 21. ---What can I do for you, madam? ---I want orange skirt for my daughter. A. a B. the C. an D.不填 22. ---Did you do well in English exam? ---Yes, I got “A”. A. the, an B. an, the C. a, / D. the, a 23. ---What are you going to be when you grow up? ---I hope to be animal doctor when I grow up. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 24. ---What’s the matter with you? ---I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed. A. a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the 25. ---Did you see the football match last night? ---Yes, I’ve never seen exciting match before. A. such a B. so a C. such an D. so an 26. ---How do you get home from ? By bus? ---No, I walk. isn’t very far. A. school, The school B. the school, The school C. the school, School D. school, School 27. My uncle isn’t old man, and he likes playing football. A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, / 28. ---How far is it from our school to seaside? ---It is eight-kilometre walk from here. A. the, an B. /, an C. the, a D. /, a 29. ---Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning. ---Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a 30. There’s dictionary on desk near the window. A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. the, the Units11-12复习要点 一、常用句型 1、What time do you get up? —I get up at six o'clock. 2、What time does he/she go to school? —He/She goes to school at … 3、What’s your favorite subject? —My favorite subject is English. 4、What’s his/her favorite subject? —His/Her favorite subject is … 5、Why do you/does he/she like …? Because it’s interesting/fun/relaxing… 二、时间的表达法 1、直接表达法 e.g：5:30 读作：five thirty 2、分钟≦30 e.g：5:30 读作：half past five 5:25 读作：twenty-five past five 5:15 读作：a quarter past five 3、60＞分钟＞30 e.g: 5:40 读作：twenty to six e.g: 5:45 读作：a quarter to six 三、介词的用法 一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from…to…, at the back of… 中考介词主要考查要点如下： 2、介词与其前面的动词或形容词构成动词词组，后面要有宾语。这时的词组相当于一个及物动词。e.g: play with, be afraid of…。 4、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达），take part in（参加）。 5、in,to,on表示方位：in表示在某一地区之内的方位（属于该范围）。On表示与某一地区的毗邻关系。to表示在某一地区之外的某一方位（不属于该范围）他们所表示的位置关系恰似数学中圆的“包含（in）、相离（to）、相切（on）”关系。如： Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 台湾位于中国东南部。 England lies to the west of France. 英格兰在法国的东面。 Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 湖北在湖南的北面。 指地点时，in表示“国家”、“城市”等大地方，如：in shanghai, in China等。at表示某一点或用于小地点前。 注意：in表示“在……里面、内部、某一范围内”，on表示“在……上”，请比较： on the tree表示树上长的东西“在树上”。 in the tree表示鸟或其他东西“在树上”。 on the wall表示东西张贴或挂“在墙上”。 in the wall表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。 6、某些意思比较相近的介词用法辨析。 ① across, through的用法区别 两者都表示“穿过，越过”，across含有“从……穿过”之意，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through含有“从……中间穿过”之意，当表示游、渡、乘船过海或过河时，用across。如： The river runs through the city. 这条河从这个城市中间流过。 Go across the bridge, and you’ll find the park. 越过这座桥，你就会找到公园。 ② over, above, on的用法区别 above 和over都表示“在……上方”， above指在上方的任意一点，表示在某物上的高低位置，不接触，其反义词是below；over一般指垂直方向， 其反义词是under；on表示“在……上面”，且互相接触。如： There is a pen on the desk .桌子上有一支钢笔。 There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。 The moon is now above the trees in the east. 月亮这是已在东边树林的上空。 ③ in, after用法区别 in和after表示时间时，都是“在……以后”的意思，in表示从现在算起到若干时间以后，用于一般将来时和过去将来时。after表示从过去算起到若干时间以后，用于一般过去时。in只可接时间段，after除接时间段以外，还可接时间点。如： I’ll come back in a day or two.我一两天后就回来。 He left on Monday and returned after three days.他星期一离开的，三天后回来的。 I’ll ring you up after two o’clock.我将在两点钟后给你打电话。 ④ in，by, with的用法区别 in 通常表示“用……语言、声音等”，也可表示“用……工具、材料等”；by后一般跟动名词或抽象化的可数名次（其前不用冠词），意为“用……手段或方式”；with表示“借助于某一具体的工具、材料或人体器官”。试比较： They’re talking in English.他们在用英语交谈。 Do you usually go to school by bike?你通常骑自行车上学吗？ The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.那老人不得不靠卖菜挣钱。 People here build houses with stones.这里的人们用石头砌房子。 ⑤ but, except, besides的用法区别 But表示“除……之外”，常与表否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do的某种形式时，but后接动词原形。如： No body knew it but me.除了我之外，没有人知道此事。 Last night I did nothing but repair my farm tools.昨晚我除了修理农具外，没有做其他的事。 except表示“除……之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，它前面常有all, every, any, no等及其复合词。如： The students go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. 除了星期六和星期天以外，学生们每天都上学。 We all went to visit the zoo except Li Lei. 除了李雷外，我们都去了动物园。 但在否定句中，except却不表排斥性。如： She knows nothing except English. 它除了英语以外，什么也不懂。 Nobody came to see me except Jim. 除了吉姆，没有人来看我。 Besides表示“除了……之外(还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides所包括的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few等词。如： Do you know any other language besides German? 除了德语外，你还懂别的语言吗？ Li Lei also went to the park besides you. 除了你之外，李雷也去了公园。 练一练： 2、选择正确的答案 1） My father goes to work ______ his car. A. by B. in C. on 2） I often go shopping with my mother _____ Sunday mornings. A. in B. at C. for D. on 3） The foreigners arrived________Shanghai late________night A. at, at B. in, at C. in, in D. at, in 4） A group______ boys and girls are dancing in the park. A. with B. of C. for D. to 5） Tom always comes late_______school. A. at B. inside C. to D. for 6） The shop____ clothes is _____the right side _____ the street. A. of, at, beside B. for, on, at C. for, on, of D. of, in, of 7）My father returned at 10 o’clock _______of June 15. A .in the night B .by the night C .on the night D .at night 8） China built a Great Wall ____the northern part ______the country. A. to, in B. across, of C. across, on D. at, of 9） The woman _______a red dress is my aunt. A .in B .at C .of D .on 10） I remember Susan left ______a very cold morning of January. A .in B .on C .at D .from 11） No one can stop her ______leaving for Shanghai. A .of B .from C .to D .for 12） ______ the money, she bought a new coat ______ her father. A. With, for B. With, to C. For, with D. To, with 13）Taiwan is the southeast of China. A. at B. on C. to D. in 14) All the clerks went home Mr. Wang, for he had to finish his work. A. except B. besides C. without D. on 15) I hear the 2006 World Cup is held in Germany June 9th July 9th. A. on; and B. from; to C. between; on D. during; to 2) The films were in the ground just now. __________ 4) How many students have their birthdays on May? _________ 5） Women’s Day is at the eighth of March. __________ 6) I can jog to school on the morning. __________ 8) Can you come and help me on my English? _________ 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? __________ 、 七下Units1-2复习要点 重点句型： 1.Where is your pen-pal from? He’s from Australia. 2.Where does she live? She lives in Sydney. 3.What language does she speak? She speaks English. 4.Is there a bank near here? Yes, thre is. It’s on the Center Street. 5.Where’s the supermarket? It’s next to the library. 6.Is there a pay phone in the neighborhood? Yes, it’s on Bridge Street on the right. 语法：一般现在时 1.一般现在时用法 (1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 比如: always, often, usually, every day / week / month / year, sometimes, on Sunday等 I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. (2)表示现在的状态。 I am a student. (3)表示主语所具备的性格和能力。I like red. I can spenk English. (4)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. (5) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 ★注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..哥伦布证实地球是圆的. 2.一般现在时谓语动词的构成主要有两种情况： （1）be动词作谓语：句子的谓语动词只有be（am，is或are）： a．肯定句中，只出现be， 如：I am a student．我是一名学生。 b．否定句中，要在be后面加not，如：She isn't a teacher． c．一般疑问句，要将be放在句子开头（注意首字母大写,句尾用问号），答语用Yes，主语+be．或No，主语+be+not．如： —Are you ready？—你准备好了吗？ —Yes，I am． （—No，I'm not．） (2)实义动词作谓语:句中的谓语动词为实义动词（也叫行为动词） a.肯定句中，只出现实义动词，如：I get up at 6:00 in the morning． ★注意:如果主语是单数的第三人称,谓语动词必须用单数第三人称形式(简称:单三式, 动词变单三式的规则如下附录)) b.否定句中，要在实义动词前面加do / does＋not＋行为动词原形，(doesn't,仅对主语是第三人称单数) 如：I don't like vegetables．我不喜欢蔬菜。 My father doesn’t like Beijing Opera. 我父亲不喜欢京剧。 c.一般疑问句，要在句子开头加助动词Do/Does，句尾用问号， 简略答语用Yes,主语+do / does．或No,主语+do / does＋not． 如：—Do you like oranges？ —Yes，I do． （—No，I don't．） ★附录:实义动词作谓语时,如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词单三式的变化规则如下: 1.一般情况加s，例如：looks, listens, visits 2. 以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的词，加-es，例如：teaches, washes, guesses, goes, does 3. 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-es，例如：carry-carries (特殊:have 的单三式为has) 一般现在时用法专练: 一.单项选择. 1.Every year many foreigners ______ to China to learn Chinese. A.have come B.comes C.came D.come 2.----Is your father a doctor? -----Yes,he is. He ______ in Taiwan Hospital. A.has worked B.had worked C.works D.worked 3.-----I won’t go to bed until the TV play ______ over. ------You’d better not do that. A.was B.is C.wil D.will be 二.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We ____________ (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick ___________(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 10. Mike _______(like) cooking. 11. They _______(have) the same hobby. 12. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 13. You always _______(do) your homework well. 14. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 15. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 16. Liu Tao _______(not like) PE. 17. The child often __________(watch) TV in the evening. 三.按照要求改写句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) ________________________________________ 3.She likes milk. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答) ___________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) __________________________________________ 5.We go to school every morning. (改为否定句) _____________________________________ 6.He speaks English very well. (改为否定句) _____________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park. . (对划线部分提问) ________________________________________ 8.Johncomes from Canada. (对划线部分提问) ______________________________________ 9. She is always a good student. (改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) __________________________________________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating. (改为否定句) _______________________________________________ 四.改错(在错误的地方划线，将正确的写在后面横线上. 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _______________ Unit 3—4 重点句型： Let’s see the lions. Why do you like pandas? Why does he like koalas? Because they’re very cute. What do you do? I’m a reporter. What does he do? He is a student. What do you want to be? What does he want to be? He wants to be a bank clerk. 短语：kind of, be from, play with, be quiet, during the day, at night,eat leaves, in the day 知识清单： 清单一：形容词和副词的比较等级及用法 一.形容词和副词比较等级的构成 1.规则变化
不规则变化如下: good/well-better-best ill/bad/badly-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least old-older-oldest/elder-eldest far-farther-farthest/further-furthest 一.形容词、副词等级的基本用法 1.表示二者在性质和程度上相同时，用“as+原级+as” 意思是“和……一样”。 This story is interesting as that one. 2.表示二者在性质和程度上不同时，用“not as / so+原级+as” 意思是“和……不一样”。 He is not /as tall as his elder brother. (他没有他哥哥高。) 3.表示A比B更…，用“than” I am older than he/him.我比他大。 比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little, far, any, …来修饰 Traveling by train is much(的多)cheaper and far(远远的)more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air. 坐火车旅行比坐飞机旅行有趣多了。 She is even(更加)more beautiful than before. 她比以前更加漂亮了。 4.三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，一般使用最高级，形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词级前可加也可不加the,之后一般要接表示范围的in/of短语。 An elephant is the heaviest animal in the zoo. Tom is the tallest of all. 汤姆是所有人中最高的。 He ran fastest of all. 他是所有人中跑的最快的。 of“在……之中”表示属性(同类人或物)。in“在……范围之中”，与表示范围或场所的名词连用。最高级前的修饰语也可以是first, second, third…… The Changjiang river is the longest river in China. 5．.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”的意思，若形容词或副词是多音节词，应用“more and more+原级”，此结构后不接than引导的从句。如： When spring comes，it get warmer and warmer。 春天来临时，天气变的越来越暖和。 Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校正变得越来越漂亮。 6.the+比较级，the+比较级 译为“越……,就越……” The busier she is, the happier she feels. 越忙她感觉就越幸福。 The more you read, the more you’ll learn. 你读的越多，了解就越多。The more quickly you get ready, the sooner we’ll be able to leave. 你越快能准备好，我们就越能早点走。 7.表示倍数…times+形容词比较级+than… This book is twice thicker than that one. 这本书比那本书厚两倍。 二.不等级与比较级的相互转换 English isn’t as important as Chinese. →English is less important than Chinese. 英文没有中文重要。 Lilei isn’t tall as Wei Hua. 李雷没有魏华高。 →Lilei is shorter than Wei Hua. → Wei Hua is taller than Lilei. 但是如果是单音节的形容词或副词就不能与less…than转换。 清单二：使用比较级应注意的几个问题 1.注意比较级中的同类比较 在进行比较时，比较的对象必须是同类事物,不是同类事物不能比较。如: 误：His bike is newer than his father. 正：His bike is newer than his father’s. 一般来说，进行比较的事物为了避免重复，than后面的比较对象常用that或those来代替。复数名词用those代替，不可数名词或单数名词用that代替。如： In winter the weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou. 冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷些。 The pictures in the books are more beautiful than those on the wall. 书上的画比墙上的画更美丽。 1.注意than后面人称代词的格 在比较级中，人称代词的主格和主格相比，宾格和宾格相比。 (1)当句子的谓语动词是不及物动词时(或虽是及物动词但在不引起歧义的情况下),than后面的代词用主格.宾格都可以，两者的意思并无明显区别。如:He studies harder than I/me. 他学习比我用功。 We get to school earlier than he/him every day. 我们每天到校比他早 (1)当句子中的谓语动词是及物动词时，than 后面的人称代词用主格或宾格在意思上就有差别。试比较： I like you more than him.(=I like you more than I like him) 你和他相比，我更喜欢你。 I like you more than he.(=I like you more than he likes you) 我比他更喜欢你。 1.当进行比较的双方在同一范围内，注意要在than后表示对象的名词前加上other一词，将比较的一方从被比较的一方中排除出来，否则就会出现与自身相比的矛盾现象。 试译：汉语比其他学科更受欢迎。 误：Chinese is more popular than any subject. 正：Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 这种句子在形式上是比较级，但在意思上是最高级。通常同样的意思却有多种表达方式。以“他在班上学习最用功“为例，可有以下几种表达： He studies hardest in his class. He studies harder than any other student in his class. He studies harder than any of the other students in his class. He studies harder than all the other students in his class. He studies harder than any of others in his class. He studies harder than any one else in his class. He studies harder than the others in his class. He studies harder than the other students in his class. 但是若比较的双方不在同一范围内,则不需要other 来排除了。 如：China is larger than any country in Africa。 中国比非洲任何国家都大（中国不在非洲,故any后不要other） 2.not so/as…as…可与less…than或more…than…互换。如： I think math is not as/so interesting as English。 = I think math is less interesting than English。 =I think English is more interesting than math。 我认为数学没有英语那样有趣。 在使用not so/as…as…结构时,如果句子中的谓语动词是实义动词,not应与助动词do的适当形式连用，而不能直接接在谓语动词的后面.如： 误：He gets up not so/as early as Jim。 正：He doesn’t get up as/so early as Jim。 3.much,a little, even, still等表示程度的副词可用来修饰比较级，而very, too, so, quite(表示身体健康的quiter除外)习惯上不用来修饰比较级。如： 误：I think science is very more difficult than Chinese. 正：I think science is much more difficult than Chinese. 清单三：形容词的顺序 当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，通常按这样的顺序：限定词+描绘性的形容词+大小+形状+新旧或年龄+颜色+国家或地区+材料+用途+被修饰的名词。如： A light white shelf.一个轻便的白色鞋架。 A short young Japanese businessman.一个身材矮小的年轻日本人. 清单四：几组副词的用法辨析 1.very与much表示“很”，“非常”。 very 用于写实形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用 much 或very much. 如：It's very nice,这个非常好. She said she was much better than before 她说她比以前好多了。 You did it very well. 你做的很好。 I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。 2.so与such表示“如此”，“那么”，“这么”。 （1）so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，但名词前可以有形容词做定语。如： I can’t be here so early.我不可能这么早来。 I’ve never seen such fine drawings.我从来没有见过如此漂亮的图。 (2)so修饰的形容词后如有一个单数可数名词，其结构是so+adj.+a/an+n. 试比较：She is so good a girl. She is such a good girl. (3)如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much，little等表示数量多少的形容词，用so而不用such。 如：I’m afraid that he’ll forget it if he misses so many lessons. 我恐怕如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。 Miss Zhao got so little money a month. 赵老师每个月只领这么少的钱。 3.too,also与either表示“也（不）”。 too 和 also用于肯定句中，too常用于口语中，置于句末;also常用于书面语中，置于be动词之后，行为动词之前；either用于否定句中。如： I’m fine, too.我也好。 We also have eleven players in a team.我们每个队也有11个队员。 中国的熟食也很流行。 We don’t like the same colours,either. 我们也不喜欢同一颜色。 4．ago与before,表示“在······以前”。 ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。如： —When did you have a meeting ? 你们什么时候开的会？ —Three day ago.三周前。 Mr.Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.史密斯先生说，约翰三周前就把他的过去全部告诉了他。 I have never lost a book before. 我以前从没有丢过书。 5．sometime,sometimes,some times 和 some time。 sometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”；sometimes指“有时候”；some times表示“倍数、次数”。如： New students will come to our school sometime next week. 新同学将于下周到校。 It took me some time to finish reading the book. 我花了一些时间读完这本书。 Sometimes,I know what she’s thinking 有时候我知道她在想什么事。 Our school is some times larger than theirs. 我们学校比他们学校大几倍。 6．Already,yet与still表示“已经”等。 alreaday 表示某事已经发生，still 表示谋事仍在进行，主要用于肯定句，yet用于疑问句表示“已经”，用于否定句表示“还没有”、“尚未”等。 如： I’ve already finished it. 我已经完成了这项工作。 I have sung already. 我已经唱过了。 They were still neck and neck. 他们仍齐头并进，不分上下。 Have you found your ruler yet? 你已经找到尺子了吗？ He hasn’t finished his work yet.他还没有完成工作。Already 有时用于疑问句，表示出乎意料，惊讶等。如：Have you finished already? 练习： 1 The air in Beijing is getting much -___now than a few years ago. A clean B cleaner C cleanest D the cleanest 2 –We spent all our money because we stayed at the most expensive hotel in town. --Why didn’t you stay at ___ one? A a cheap B a cheaper C the cheaper D the cheaper 3 –Remember ,boys and girls .___you work ,___result you will get. --- We know ,MissGao A The better ,the harder B The harder ,the better C The hard ,the better D The harder,the good 4 Kate is really ___ .She ‘s never angry with others A tall B friendly C lucky D clever 5 –Which is __ river in China ?---The Changjiang river A longer B the longest C longest D the longer 6 –Do you like western food ? ---No,The food of our country is ___ that of western countryies. A rather good than B much better than C more better than D not so good 7 This is ___ that all of us believe it’svery important. A such useful information B so useful information C so useful informations D such a useful information 8 The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet bring us ___. A the close B closer C the closer D close 9 Shanghai is larger than ___ city in India. A any other B other C all other D any 10 –Do you like the Moonlight Sonata?---Sure ,it sounds really ___. A clear B clearly C beautiful D beautifully 11 What do you think of the flowers? ---They look ___ A beautiful B beautifully Cmore beautifull 12 Have you ever seen Tom and Jerry? —Sure.It is one of ____ cartoons I have ever seen. A wonderful B the most wonderful C more wonderful 13 Kate felt ___ when she saw the lovely dress in the clothes shop. A pleased B tired C well 14 I think the song My Heart Will Go On is _ _ one of all the movie songs. A much more beautiful B the beautiful C the most beautifull 15 Eating more fruit will keep people__ A carefully B afraid C busy D healthy 16 “Do you want to improve your score in maths?Try staying away from your computer.”A recent report in Britain says ,”The ___ students use computers at school and at home ,the ___ they do in exams of reading and maths,” A more ,better B less,worse C more,more D less,better 17 –Do you like English ?—Yes ,but I think it’s ___ subject of all. A the easiest B the most difficult C the most intesting D the most boring 18 I hear that Mike is __ student in his class . A more careful B the most careful C careful 19 –What do you think of the bridge ?---I have never seen ___ before. A so a long one B so long one C such a long one D a such long one 20 Do you think maths is __foreign languages? A more difficult B less difficult C as difficult as D the most difficult 21 It’s raining ___ We have to stay at home instead of going fishing? A badly B hardly C heavily D strongly 22 The Chinese parents always teach their children to be __ to others. A carfully Bfriendly C lonely 23 Write __ and try not to make any mistake . A as carefully as possible B as carfully as you can C more carful D more carfully 24 Gao Yuecdid quite _ _ at the World Table Tennis Championship,but Zhang Yining did even ___ A better ,well B well ,well C well .better D better,well 25 Jane’s leg was _ _ painfull that he couldn’t move at all A too B so C very 26 –do you have sports meeting?—Twice a year A How soon B How ofren C How long 27 Don’t worry .He is ___to take care of little Betty. A carefully enough B enough careful C careful enough 28 –We can use MSn to talk with each other on the Internet. —Really?Will please show me ___it A what to use B how to use C how can I use D what I use 29 Don’t worry,sir .I’m sure I can run __to catch up with them. A fast enough B enough fast C slowly enough D enough slowly 30 –--____do you pay a visit to your grandparents?--At least four times a month though I am busy preparing for my exam. A How many B How long C How much D How often Units 5-6 重点词组 1. wait for 等候，等待 2. talk to sb. 与某人谈话 3. talk about 谈论 4. take photos 拍照 5. have a good time 玩得开心, 过得快乐 6. look at 看,朝…..看 7. look for 寻找, 寻求 8. in order to 为了 9. be/come from 来自于 重点句型 1. What are you doing? I’m watching. 2. What’s he doing? He’s reading. 3. When do you want to go? Let’s go at six o’clock. 4. How’s the weather in Shanghai.? / What’s the weather like in Shanghai? It’s cloudy/windy/raining/sunny/snowing. 5. How’s it going? Great/Not bad/Terrible/Pretty good. 现在进行时 一、现在进行时的用法 1.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,常与now(现在), right now(现在), at the moment(现在)等时间状语连用。 We are listening to our teacher now. 2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内)一直在进行的活动, 常与at present(目前), these days(这些天)等时间状语连用。 He is thinking about this problem these days. 3. 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。 （1）移动的终止性动词用于进行时，表示即将要发生。此类动词主要有come，go，run，leave，start，begin，arrive，return等。 When are you returning home？你什么时候回家？ （2）一些持续性动词用于进行时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。 How long are you staying in Toronto?你将在多伦多呆多长时间? 二、现在进行时的构成及形式 肯定句: 主语 + be +现在分词 +… 否定句: 主语+be + not+现在分词+… 一般疑问句: be +主语+现在分词+…? 一般疑问句的回答: Yes, 主语+be的相应形式 No, 主语+am not/ isn’t/ aren’t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词(作主语)+be +现在分词+…? 特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+…? I am playing football now. I am not playing football now. -Are you playing football now? Yes, I am./ No, I’m not. What are you doing now? 动词现在分词的构成: (1) 一般在动词的词尾加-ing。 如：pour→ pouring (2) 以不发音e结尾的去掉e，再加-ing。 如：write→ writing (3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。 如：begin→ beginning :注意：lie→ lying die→ dying tie→ tying prefer→ preferring 三、一般现在时和现在进行时的区别: 1．一般现在时表示目前经常发生,习惯性的动作,表示客观事实,表示主语目前的特征,姿势和能力等；而现在进行时则表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2．一般现在时表示“存在状况”时，常可采用表示状态的动词，如：be，keep，remain，stay，exist，have等，而这些动词一般很少用于现在进行时。 This rule remains to be discussed. 这条规定仍需讨论。 She has a strong accent of an American. 她带有浓重的美国口音。 3．以here，there等开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用进行时，而用一般现在时。 Look out！There comes a fierce dog. 小心,来了条凶狗。 Listen！There goes the first bell. 听，预备铃响了。 4．表示动作意义的动词，必须是习惯性的，经常性的动作或是一般性的行为才能使用一般现在时，而这种动词在现在进行时中则往往表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快多了。 I sometimes work until dawn. 我有时工作到黎明。 5．有些词（如taste，smell，sound，look等）在一般现在时中是连系动词，而在现在进行时中则为行为动词。 I’m looking at the picture by Picasso. It looks really nice. 我正在看毕加索的画，它看起来太棒了。 The police dog is smelling the trace of the thief. 警犬正在嗅小偷的踪迹。 6．在时间，条件状语从句中，将来的动作须用一般现在时来表示。 If you fail again, I suggest you not lose heart. 如果你再次失败，我劝你不要灰心。 练习： 1. –Excuse me, where is lily? -Oh, she the volleyball match on the playground. A. watches B. will watch C. is watching D. watched 2. The summer vacation will begin next week. David to stay with us. A. will be coming B. comes C. came D. is coming 3. –They about Super Voice Girl. Let’s join them. –Good idea. A. talk B. are talking C. have a talk D. talked 4. Better go and ask him when he . We must see him off when he . A. is leaving; leaves B. leaves; is leaving C. leave; left D. left; was leaving 5. Jack is a black jacket today. A. have on B. wearing C. being in D. dressing himself 6. There a parent-teacher meeting this afternoon. A. is going to have B. is going to be C. are going to be D. is going to hold 7. –Listen, what’s the noise? -My brother the program of the World Cup in the sitting-room. A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. will watch 8. –What are you doing, Mom? -I . Uncle Wang to have dinner with us tonight. A. am cooking; is going out B. cook; goes out C. am cooking; is coming 9. Who _____ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing 10. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having 11. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries 12. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing 13. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep 6. Tom is a worker. He ___ in a factory. His sisters ____ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works 7. Who _____ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking 8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans 9. We _____ music and often _____ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening 10. She _____ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting 11. On Sunday he sometimes ____ his clothes and sometimes ____ some shopping. A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does 12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have 二、填空： 1. My father always __________(come) back from work very late. 2. The teacher is busy. He __________ (sleep) six hours a day. 3. Listen! Joan _________(sing) in the classroom. She often __________ (sing) there. 4. __________ your brother __________(know) Japanese? 5. Where __________ you __________ (have) lunch every day? 6. The girl __________(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She __________(wear) a red skirt today. 三、写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work___________ sing__________ play__________ study__________ dance__________ have__________ write__________ take__________ run__________ sit__________ shop__________ swim__________ lie__________ 四、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式 work__________ read__________ clean__________ write__________ teach__________ wash__________ guess__________ watch__________ go__________ do___________ photo______ study__________ fly__________ cry__________ play__________ have__________ 五、根据中文意思完成句子 1、学生们在干什么？有一些在打电话，另一些躺在沙滩上。 _____ _____ the students _____? Some _____ _____ on the phone, _____ _____ _____ on the beach. 2、“格林先生在看电视吗？” “不， 他在打扫房间。” “_____ Mr Green _____ TV?” “_____, He _____ _____ the house.” 3、魏芳不是在读书，她在写信。 Wei Fang _____ _____ a book. She _____ _____ a letter. 4、今天天气怎么样？_____ is the weather today? 或_____ is the weather _____ today? 5、我正在通过收音机学 (learn) 英语。 I _____ _____ English on the radio. 6、这个老人每天早上六点钟起床。 The old man _____ _____ at six o’clock in the morning every day. 7、你从哪里来？Where _____ you from? 或Where _____ you _____ from? 我从美国来。 I _____ from America. 或I _____ from America. 将下列句子改成现在进行时 1. Tom can speak Chinese. 2. We have four lessons. 3. I watch TV every day. 4. She works in a hospital. 5. Do you like this book? 6. Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve. 7. His father can help them. 8. Danny, open the door. 9. They watch TV in the evening. 10.What are you doing ? Units7-8 重点句型 1．What does he/she look like? He /she is medium build,and he/she has short straight hair. 2．What do you/they look like? I’m /They’re … 3．What would you like? I’d like some noodles. 4. What kind of noodles would you like? I’d like beef noodles,please. 5. What size bowl of noodles would he like? He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles. 第一册下短语总汇 1． be from/come from 来自于 2． live in 住在… 3． in China 在中国 4． in English 用英语 5． in November 在十一月 6． a little 一点儿 7． go to the movies 去看电影 8． write to sb 给某人写信 9． on weekends 在周末 10.tell sb about sth 告诉某人某事 11.post office 邮局 12.pay phone 投币式公用电话 13.between…and… 在…和…之间 14.in front of 在…前面 15.in the neighborhood 在附近 16.go straight 直走 17.on the right/left 在右侧/左侧 18.turn left/right 向左转/右转 19.take a walk 散步 20.at the beginning of 在…的开端 21.have fun 玩得开心 22.take a taxi 乘出租车 23.go down 顺着…走 24.have a good trip 旅途愉快 25.kind of 有几分 26.want to do sth 想要做某事 27.play with… 与…一起玩 28.be quiet 安静 29.during/in the day 在白天 30.at night 在夜晚 31.get up 起床 32.every day 每天 33.look at 看着… 34.shop assistant 店员 35.bank clerk 银行职员 36.TV station 电视台 37.work with 和…一起工作 38.talk to sb 和某人交谈 39.give sb sth/give sth to sb 给某人某物 40.police station 警察局 41.school play 校园剧 42.go out 出去 43.ask sb sth 问某人某事 44．get sth from sb 从某人处得到某物 45.do homework 做家庭作业 46.watch TV 看电视 47.eat/have dinner 吃晚饭 48.talk on the phone 打电话 49.TV show 电视节目 50.wait for 等待 51.talk about 谈论 52.play basketball 打篮球 53.at school 在学校 54.read books 看书 55.not bad 不错 56.take photos 拍照 57.look cool 看上去很酷 58.have a good time 玩得开心 59.thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事 60.play computer games 打电脑游戏 61.pretty good 好极了 62.play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 63.look for 寻找 64.lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 65.short/long hair 短/长发 66.curly/straight hair 卷/直发 67.medium build/height 中等身材/个子 68.look like 看起来像 69.the captain of… …的队长/首领 70.a little bit 一点儿；少许 71.love to do sth 喜欢做某事 72.tell jokes 讲笑话 73.stop doing sth 停止做某事 74.like doing sth 喜欢做某事 75.pop singer 流行歌手 76.play chess 下棋 77.would like 想要 78.green tea 绿茶 79.countable noun 可数名词 80.uncountable noun 不可数名词 81.phone number 电话号码 82.as well as 也 83.ice cream 冰淇淋 84.orange juice 桔汁 85.what size 什么型号/尺寸 86.what kind of 什么种类 87.have a party 举行晚会 88．play the guitar 弹吉他 89.stay at home 呆在家里 90.play tennis 打网球 91.play soccer 踢足球 92.do some reading 阅读 93.clean one’s room 打扫房间 94.go for a walk 去散步 95.middle school 中学 96.go shopping 去购物 97.talk show （电视，广播的）访谈节目 98.go to the beach 去海滩 99.practice English 练习英语 100.study for the test 准备测试 101.go on vacation 去度假 102.the Great Wall 万里长城 103.have fun doing sth 很开心地做某事 104.summer camp 夏令营 105.the Palace Museum 故宫 106.Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场 107.how/what about…? …怎么样？ 108.key ring 钥匙链 109.think of 想到；认为 110.soap opera 肥皂剧 111.sports show 体育节目 112.in fact 事实上 113.situation comedy 情景喜剧 114.game show 游戏节目 115.enjoy doing 喜欢做… 116.agree with 同意 117.too many rules 太多规则 118.be late for class 上课迟到 119.after school 放学后 120.dinning hall 餐厅 121.have to 不得不 122.sports shoes 运动鞋 123.the Children’s Palace 少年宫 124.be in bed 睡觉 练习 Ⅰ.根据句意及所给汉语提示,用该短语的适当形式完成下列句子。 1. The girl looks _________(有几分) shy. She talks little. 2. —What does your father do, Mary? —He works in a _____________ (电视台) . 3.The ______ (投币式公用电话) is ______ (在……对面) the library. 4. Lisa went to the movies last weekend. She ________________(玩的开心;过的愉快) there. 5. —Are they _____________ (谈论) the animals in the sitting room? —No, they are ______________(在电话上交谈). 6. —Is there a big supermarket _______________ (在临近的地区)? —Yes, there is. It’s ________________ (在……旁边) the hospital. 7. Mike __________ letters ____________(从……得到……) his letter box every day. 8. —Why don’t you ____________ (看电视) at home? —Because the ______________(电视节目) is boring. 9.—Who are Ben and Sam __________________(和……交谈)? —The two policemen. 10. —How can we get to the Hongxiang Hotel? —You can _______ (乘出租车) from the airport. ________ (穿过) the Center Avenue and ________ (向左拐). It’s _________ (在……前面) Hualing Store. 11. —Where is your _______ (笔友) from? —He is from New York. —Do you often ____________(给……写信) him? —Yes. We usually send e-mails to each other. 12. My house is ________(在……之间) the No. 1 Middle School and the Nanshan Park. My parents always _______ (散步) in the park after supper. Ⅱ.请用方框中所给短语的适当形式完成句子,每个短语仅用一次。 1. —How is it going, Jeff? — _________________. 2. Does your mother work in a ___________ or in a ___________? 3. —Who is your English teacher ___________at the school gate? —Her son, I think. 4. —Can you tell me ___________the Garden District? —Sure. It’s not far. _________ and it’s _________of the hotel. 5. —It’s snowing outside. Let’s _______________. —That sounds great. 6. —I like singing and dancing. —If you want to be in the __________, please call Mary at 767-6609. 7. —Why do people want to ______________? —Because they think the food in the restaurants is more delicious than that cooked at home. 8. —Look at the young kids. What are they doing on the beach? —They are playing ___________. How happy they are! 9. I’m going to listen to the tapes ____________improve my English. 10. Koalas __________Australia. They sleep ____________, but they get up and eat leaves ___________. (二) I. 根据汉语意思, 完成下列句子 (每空一词)。 1. —你的朋友看上去什么样? —他中等体格,长着卷曲的头发。 —What does your friend _______ ________? —He is _______ _______, and has ______ ________. 2. —您想要什么面条? —牛肉面。 —________ ________ ________noodles _________you __________? — _________ __________. 3. —放学后,你经常做什么? —踢足球。 —What do you often do _________ ________? —I often ________ ________. 4. —他去哪儿度假了? —他去了海滩。 —Where did he go ______ ________? —He _______ _______ ________ ________. 5. 上周我看了一部肥皂剧,它使我很兴奋。 Last week I saw a _______ _______. It made me very excited. 6. 我不介意年青人怎样看我。 I don’t mind what young people ________ ________me. Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空,每个短语仅用一次。 1. Why do you often __________? The teacher is angry. 2. —What did he do over the weekend? —He _________because he liked English a lot. 3. I often _________in the library when I am free. 4.The children went to the park yesterday. They _________there. 5. —Do you enjoy _________? —Yes, very much. I like the music written by Beethoven. Units 9-10 重点句型： What did you do last weekend? On Saturday morning I cleaned my room. On Saturday evening I went to the movies. How was your weekend? It was great. Where did you go last weekend? We went New York City. Did your go to Central Park? Yes, I did. How was the weather? It was humid. 一般过去时的用法： 1．过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作），也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。 I had a word with Julia this morning. 今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，烟抽得可凶了。 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，过去时间状语如：yesterday, two days ago…（两天前）the other day（前几天），last week / year, in 1993, just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里） at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when引导的时间状语从句等。 句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。如果句中带有确定的时间，只能用一般过去时，不用现在完成时。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（意思是说你现在不饿吗？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（意思是说已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。 2.一般过去时谓语动词的构成： （1）be(was, were)作谓语. 否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not(wasn't) / were not (weren't)。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，首字母要大写。 肯定句: She was at home yesterday. 否定句: She wasn’t at home yesterday. 一般疑问句: Was she at home yesterday? （2）实义动词的过去式作谓语（不区分人称和数） ①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。 如：They had a good time yesterday. ②否定式：主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：They didn't watch TV last night. ③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didn't. 如：Did they watch TV last night ? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 如：What time did you finish your homework? 3. 动词一般过去式的构成 a.规则动词过去式的变化可速记为"直"、"去"、"双"、"改"四字诀。 ①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。 ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。 ③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。 ④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。 b.不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was，其他人称用were。 注意： 1.在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。 2.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。） 比较: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。 （说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞） I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。（不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒） 3.如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了） I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去在早晨散步（意味着现在不在早晨散步了） 4.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！ I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病） 辨别正误： Li Ming studied English this morning. （把此句变为一般疑问句） 1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning？（×,动词应该用原形） 2. Does Li ming study English this morning？（×,时态应该用原句子的时态） 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning？（×,应该用实义动词，而不是be动词） 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning？ （√） 写出下列动词的过去式: 1.go---______ 2.do---_______ 3.have/has---______ 4.am/is---______ 5.are---______ 6.am not/isn’t---_______ 7.aren’t---________ 8.don’t/doesn’t---_______ 9.study---______ 10.play---______ 11.see---______ 12.get---______ 13.come---______ 14.eat---_____ 15.drink---______ 16.write---_______ 17.stay---_______ 18.take---_____ 19.sit---______ 20.buy---________ 21.sell---_______ 22.leave---______ 23.meet---_______ 24.read---_______ 一般过去时态专项练习: 一.选择 ( )1.The two __________in the same class last year. A. are B. was C. were D. be ( )2.---Where______ you______ ? ----I went to buy some food for supper. A.are … go B.did … go C.do … go D. will … go ( )3."Why ____ she ____ angry?" "Because he ___ at him just now. A. did… get, shouted B. has…got…shouted C. did… get… has shouted D. has…got…has shouted ( )4.______ that worker ________in a shoe factory a year ago? A. Do, work B. Did, worked C. Did, work D. Does work ( )5____ you _____ the film before ? Where ____ you _____ it ? A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen ( )6. __________your mother __________to work last Saturday? A. Did, go B. Do, go C. Does, go D. Has, gone ( )7.They________ not late the day before yesterday. A. did B. were C. are D. do ( )8._________ they away from school last October? A. Did B. Were C. Do D. Are ( )9. You ___ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five. A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited ( )10. ____you ____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did B. Have… copied…have C. Have… copied… did D. Did …copy…had ( )11. I _____ that you _____ good care of her that day. A. thought…will take B. thought…would take C. think… will take D. think… would take ( )12.The boys_______ only two subjects last term, but this term they_______ five. A. have, have B. had, had C. had, have D. have had, have ( )13. Mother ____ me a new coat yesterday. I ___ it on. It fits me well. A. has made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried ( )14.They stopped here because they_____ the way to the station. A. didn’t know B. don’t know C. will know D. weren’t known ( )15---Where _______ you find your ticket? ----I __________it on the ground. A. did, found B. do, found C. were, find D. did, find ( )16. Was he at work ______? A. now B. next week C. next Sunday D. yesterday ( )17.--I have seen the film Titanic already. -When ________ you ______ it？ --The day before yesterday. A. have； seen B. will； see C. did；see D. did；seen ( )18. We _______ trees last Sunday. So far we _____ over 3，000 trees there. A. planted；planted B. planted；have planted C. have planted；planted D. have planted；have planted 二. 填空 1.He ________(fight) the big man a moment ago. 2.He ___________ (hurt) his leg this morning. 3.I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing. 4.That old dead man always _____ (carry) an umbrella. 5.The little boy stood up, ______(look) around, and then _____(run) out of the classroom 6.She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night. 7.-What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday? -We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 8. What __________ (make) him cry just now? 9.Last year the teacher _____ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 10. Once upon a time, there ______(live) a happy farmer. 11. There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be) 12.There _____ any hospitals in my hometown in 1940. ( be not) 13. There __________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there? 14. Jack ____________ (not clean) the room a moment ago. 15. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term? 16. It _____ (be) hot yesterday and most children ______ (be) outside. 17. There ___ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I ___ (have) no time to watch it. 18. Mum told me to buy some milk when I ______ to the shop(go) 19. He _____(say) he would come to see me if he ______(have) time the next day. 20. My mother_______ (pay) the bill. 21. He used to smoke,______ he? 22. On Saturday morning I _____(play) football. 23 .May________ (finish) her homework very late yesterday evening. 24.Han Mei __________ (bring) her pet to the park that day. 25. I ______(think) you were ill. 26. _______ you _________ (have) bread for breakfast this morning? 27.She hardly achieved A grades, _____ she? 28.The police ________ (stop) the car and _________ (catch) the thief just now. 29.The little Tom _______ (lie) under the umbrella last Saturday when the sun _____(shine) 30.Uncle Wang _________ ( come )into the room and _______ ( find ) something to eat. 31.Lily _______ ( study ) in the classroom for two hours and then _________ ( leave ). 32..Jimmy ______ ( do ) a lot today. He ________ ( go ) shopping and ________ ( cook ) supper. 33.The thief ______(steal) a woman’s purse and_____(run)away 34.What time _______ you _________ ( get ) to school this morning? III改写句子 1. Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home. 2. He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句) _______ he ________ _________ meat in the fridge? 3.She stayed there for a month.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ _____ she _____ there? 4.There was some tea in the cup.（变一般疑问句) _____ there _____ tea in the cup? 5. I did some reading last night.(改为一般疑问句) _____ you _____ ______ reading last night? 6.Han Meimei didn’t fly a kite, either.(变为肯定句) Han Meimei ____ a kite , ______. 7.They found a bird in the tree yesterday.（改为反义疑问句） They found a bird in the tree yesterday, _________? 8.My mother had porridge for breakfast this morning. （改否定句） My mother _____ _______porridge for breakfast this morning. 9.They cleaned the house last Saturday（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______ last Saturday? 七下Units11—12 重点句型： 1 What do you think of game shows ?I can’t stand them /I don’t mind them / I don’t like them/I love them 2 What does he/she think of sitcomsc? He/She doesn’t like it . 3 sports show /talk show /soap opera/game show/a thirteeen-year-old boy/welcome to /enjoy doing sth/think of 4 Don’t arrive late for class. Don’ eat in the classroom Don’t run in the hallways Don’t listen to music in the classrooms ot the hallways. Don’t fight.Don’t watch TV after school Don’t go out on school night. Do your homework after school. Practice your guiter every day. help my mom make dinner 5 Can we wear hats in school?Yes ;we can /No,we can’t Do you have to wear a uniform at schooll?Yes,we do /No,we don’t 重点语法： 祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，但往往省去不用。同学们在学习祈使句时应注意以下几点： 一、祈使句谓语用何动词形式 英语祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形。如： Be quiet！ 别说话！ Come earlier next time. 下次早点来。 Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。 Go and tell her. 去告诉她吧。 注：有时为了加强语气，可在动词前加 do。如： Do be careful. 务请小心。 Do come on time. 务必请准时来。三、表现形式 ●肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ●否定结构: 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 二、肯定祈使句如何变成否定祈使句 祈使句否定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加 don’t。如： Don’t be late. 不要迟到。 Don’t speak so loud. 别这么大声说话。 Don’t walk on the grass. 不要在草坪上走。 Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。 Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。 三、与 ｐｌｅａｓｅ 连用以使语气委婉 为使语气委婉，通常将祈使句与 please 连用。please 可用于祈使句的句首（其后通常不用逗号）或句末（其前通常用逗号）。如： Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。 Drive more slowly，please. 请开得慢一点。 Please cut me a piece of cake. 请给我切一块蛋糕。 Please try to be quiet. 请设法保持安静。 Please repeat what you’ve just said. 请把你刚才说的话重复一遍。 四、关于以 ｌｅｔ 开头的祈使句 Let’s eat out tonight. 我们今晚出去吃饭吧。 Let me have a try. 我来试一试。 Let me show you how to do it. 我来告诉你怎样做。 Let every man do his best. 让每个人都人尽其才。 Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用慢火炖。 注：1. 这类祈使句的否定式有两种形式。如： Let’s not hurry. / Don’t let’s hurry. 我们不要太急。 2. let 后用作宾语补足语的动词要用原形，不能用带 to 的不定式。 用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： 一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let......not" （见例(10)）： (9) Don't let this type of things happen again. (10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain. 二、"Let"只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如： (11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等： (13) Let the puppy out. (14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (16) Let me alone, please. 四、用"Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用"Let us"时，并不包括对方，如： (17) Let's try it, shall we? (18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。 五、祈使句的反意疑问句形式 1.在通常情况下，若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用 will you， won’t you， would you 等。如： Turn on the TV， will you？把电视打开，好吗？ Tell me the truth， won’t you？告诉我实话，好吗？ If you want help， let me know， would you？如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗？ 注：若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用 will you。如： Don’t forget to post the letter， will you？请别忘了寄信。 2. 若陈述部分为以 let 开头的祈使句，则要分两种情况： 注意 回答Let''s～的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let''s.否定时用NO，let''s not. 祈使句变反意疑问句的方法： 【跟踪练习】 1. If you are tired， _________ a rest. A. haveB. having C. to haveD. had 2. _________ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let B. Let do C. Doing letD. To do let 3. He is not honest. _________ believe him. A. Not B. Don’t C. To not D. Not to 4. If you want to stay， let me know， _________？ A. will you B. shall we C. do youD. do we 5. Never come late again， _________？ A. will you B. won’t you C. do you D. does he 6. _________ up early tomorrow， or you can’t catch the train. A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got 7. _________ in the street. It’s dangerous. A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play 8. Please _________ me some money， will you？ A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend 9. The film is about to begin. Please _________ seated. A. be B. are C. is D. being 10. _________ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept 将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________. 2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________! 3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________! 4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________. 5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________. 八年级上册 Unit 1-2 重点短语 1. how often 多久一次 2. as for 至于；关于 3. of course 当然；自然 4. look after 照顾；照看 5. on weekends 在周末 6. surf the Internet 网上冲浪 7. twice a week 每周两次 8. pretty healthy 相当健康 9. keep in good health 保持健康 10. try to do sth. 努力干某事 11. have a cold/stomachache/a sore throat/ toothache/ fever/ headache 感冒/胃疼/喉咙疼/牙疼/发烧/头疼 12. lie down and rest 躺下休息 13. see a dentist 看牙医 14. see a doctor 看医生 15. be stressed out 有压力的；紧张的 16. get tired 疲惫 17. stay healthy 保持健康 18. get a cold 感冒 19. at the moment 此时此刻 20. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶 21. a balanced diet 均衡饮食 22. listen to music 听音乐 重点句子 1. What do you usually do on weekend? I sometimes go to the beach. 2. How often do you exercise? 3. How many hours do you sleep every night? 4. What’s your favorite program? 5. What’s the matter? I have a sore back/ cold/ stomachache/ … 6. Maybe you should see a dentist. 7. I’m not feeling well. 8. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet. 9. I’m sorry to hear that. 12. That’s a good idea. 交际平台 (1)询问病情 What’s the matter? / What’s wrong? /What’s the trouble? How long have you been like this? Did you feel tired? Do you have a headache? (2) 诉说病情 There is something wrong with … I have a headache/ toothache/ … Since two years ago. I have a pain in … I’m feeling even worse. This place hurt. (3)医嘱 You must take this medicine three times a day with hot water. You should eat less meat and more vegetables and fruits. Don’t sleep too late. You’d better stay in bed for a few days. You will get better soon. 语法知识 含how的短语的区别与使用： ① How long，意思是“多久”，指时间的长度，一般对for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语提问。如：- How long have you been in the Party？- Since 1998. ② How soon，意思是“多久才能”，“要到什么时候”，指将来，一般针对“in +一段时间”或soon 等将来的时间提问。如：- How soon will he come back? – In three days. ③ How often，意思是“隔多久一次”“是否经常”，指频率，一般针对once a week，three times a day，often，sometimes，never等频度状语提问。如：-How often do you usually have an art class? –Once a week. ④ How long/ wide/ tall/ deep/ far，意思是“多长/宽/高/深/远”，一般针对带有“数字+形容词”的内容提问。如：-How deep is the river？ -It’s about four meters deep. ⑤ How many，意思是“多少”，针对可数名词的数量提问。如：-How many books can I borrow？-Two. ⑥ How much，意思是“多少钱”或“多少”，针对价格或不可数名词的数量提问。如：-How much is that green dress？-Thirty dollars. 又如：-How much meat do you want？- Half a kilo. 练习 I. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. You must (try) to eat less food. 2. Do you have a healthy lifestyle if you (exercise) every day? 3. He (eat) fruit every day. 4. He (like) (watch) TV. Sometimes he (watch) it for 10 hours. Now he (watch) a movie at home. 5. She usually (exercise) three times a day. 6. –How often do you go to the park? - (two) a week. 7. –Do you like watching TV? –No, it is (bored). 8. How often do you eat (health) food? 9. She (enjoy) her meal in the restaurant now. 10. During his (ill), he stayed indoors. II. 根据提示写出单词 1. Mr. Green has a f and he has to see a doctor. 2. The exam is very i , I don’t want to fail it. 3. My English is not good enough. I want to i it. 4. Traditional Chinese doctors believe that a b diet is very important for staying healthy. 5. He isn’t good at English, because he h works hard. 6. Here are the r of the students activity survey at Green High School. 7. My mother has a cold and she has a s throat. 8. –What’s your favorite TV p ? -Chinese. 9. –Mr. Green, an i from CCTV wants to visit you. -OK, I’m coming soon. 10. –Smoking is a bad h , I think you should give it up. -I see, thank you, Mr. Wang. III. 单项选择 1. When you’re tired,you should eat hot yang foods to healthy. A. go B. grow C. stay D. leave 2. –I’m stressed out because my English isn’t improving. - . A. You should see a doctor B. You should study hard C. You should stop learning it D. You should listen to music and relax 3.The Meat is expensive and eating meat is bad for your health. A. too much; much too B. too much; too much C much too, much too D. much too, too much 4. –Why don’t you let Sue do it? -I she do it. A. think; can B. think; can’t C. don’t think; can D. don’t think; can’t 5. It’s difficult this work today. A. to finish B. finishes C. finish D. finishing 6. –What’s the boy standing there? - . A. He’s Tim Green. B. He’s very good. C. He’s a student D. He’s reading a book 7. Is there wrong with your clock? A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 8. What kind of music do you like to ? A. hear B. heard C. listen D. listen to 9. –How do you like the story? - . A. Yes, I like. B. I don’t like C. Not at all D. It’s very interesting 10. Everyone sometimes. A. gets tired B. are tired C. be tired D. get tired 11. I you to help with her English. A. hope B. want C. think D. let 12. - do you watch TV? -I watch TV every day. A. How long B. How soon C. How D. How often 13. –How often does Chen watch TV? -He watches TV . A. Two a week B. second a week C. the second a week D. twice a week 14. You must take this medicine once eight hours. A. even B. all C. each D. every 15. - ? –I have a bad cold. A. How are you B. What’s the matter C. How often do you exercise D. How about you 16. She looks pale and weak after her illness. A. kind of B. kinds of C. a kind of D. a kind 17. Your pen is mine. A. a same to B. the same to C. a same for D. the same as 18. he was not rich, he bought a lot of books for his son. A. But B. While C. Although D. Because 19. - does Michael do on weekends? -He often goes to the library. A. How B. What C. Where D. Why 20. –Have you ever been to Shenzhen? -No, . A. ever B. some times C. usually D. never |
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