1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for five years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join 3. The factory ______ since the February of 1995. A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5. You mustn't ______ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have been 6. The meeting ______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. has been in 7. Miss Gao______this school since 1996. A. has come to B. came to C. has taught D.has been in 8. Ben ______ a teacher for early three years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I ______ home for a week up to now. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. were 10. How long ________ Mr Smith ________? A. did; die B. was; dead C. was; dying D. has; been dead 11. When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard. A. got B. reached C. arrived D. was 12. Tom ______ the car for two months. A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had got 13. -How long ______ you ______? -Two weeks. A. did; all ill B. have; fallen ill C. were; ill D. have; been ill 14. Since 1942 he ______ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away from C. has been away from D. moved away from 15. I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take 16. The bus ______ on the road for an hour. A. has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. has been 17. Are you ______ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. pulling on (Keys: 1-5 DCABB 6-10 CDABD 11-15 CADCC 16-17 DA) 浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词 一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如: -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 三、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如: The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗? 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如: (1)他死了三年了。 误:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago. 正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。 误:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法: (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。 (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如: He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如: You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。 5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如: When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语) 6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如: 误:How long have you come here? 正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here? |
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