汇编指令的英文全称 如果你想写系统软件,两本入门书籍--谭浩强的《C语言程序设计》和王爽的《汇编语言》是必看的。谭老的C语言已相当成熟,王老师的汇编倒有个小缺陷—指令没有英文全称,或许他认为现在学编程的朋友都不记单词,如同新生代作家看不懂英文原著一般。不过我觉得记住指令的英文全称,就不容易搞混,印象会更深刻,所以我把王爽书中出现的英文缩写的全称罗列出来,以便入门的朋友更好地记住它们。
8086CPU提供以下几大类指令。
一、数据传送指令 比如,mov(move)、push、pop、pushf(push flags)、popf(pop flags)、xchg(exchange)等都是数据传送指令,这些指令实现寄存器和内存、寄存器和寄存器之间的单个数据传送。
二、算术运算指令 比如,add、sub(substract)、adc(add with carry)、sbb(substract with borrow)、inc(increase)、dec(decrease)、cmp(compare)、imul(integer multiplication)、idiv(integer divide)、aaa(ASCII add with adjust)等都是算术运算指令,这些指令实现寄存器和内存中的数据运算。它们的执行结果影响标志寄存器的sf、zf、of、cf、pf、af位。
三、逻辑指令 比如,and、or、not、xor(exclusive or)、test、shl(shift logic left)、shr(shift logic right)、sal(shift arithmetic left)、sar(shift arithmetic right)、rol(rotate left)、ror(rotate right)、rcl(rotate left through carry)、rcr(rotate right through carry)等都是逻辑指令。除了not指令外,它们的执行结果都影响标志寄存器的相关标志位。
四、转移指令 可以修改IP,或同时修改CS和IP的指令统称为转移指令。转移指令分为一下几类。 (1) 无条件转移指令,比如,jmp(jump); (2) 条件转移指令,比如,jcxz(jump if CX is zero)、je(jump if equal)、jb(jump if below)、ja(jump if above)、jnb(jump if not below)、jna(jump if not above)等; (3) 循环指令,比如,loop; (4) 过程,比如,call、ret(return)、retf(return far); (5) 中断,比如,int(interrupt)、iret(interrupt return)。
五、处理机控制指令 这些指令对标志寄存器或其他处理机状态进行设置,比如,cld(clear direction)、std(set direction)、cli(clear interrupt)、sti(set interrupt)、nop(no operation)、clc(clear carry)、cmc(carry make change)、stc(set carry)、hlt(halt)、wait、esc(escape)、lock等都是处理机控制指令。
六、串处理指令 这些指令对内存中的批量数据进行处理,比如,movsb(move string byte)、movsw(move string word)、cmps(compare string)、scas(scan string)、lods(load string)、stos(store string)等。若要使用这些指令方便地进行批量数据处理,则需要和rep(repeat)、repe(repeat if equal)、repne(repeat if not equal)等前缀指令配合使用。
附:8086CPU寄存器英文全称
1、通用寄存器 AX(accumulator)、BX(base)、CX(count)、DX(data)这些寄存器可以字(16位)或字节(8位)单位形式访问; SP(stack pointer)、BP(base pointer)、SI(source index)、DI(destination index),这些寄存器只能以字(16位)单位形式访问。
2、专用寄存器 IP(instruction pointer)、SP(stack pointer);; FLAGS又称PSW(program status word)分为: ① 条件码 OF(overflow)、SF(sign)、ZF(zero)、CF(carry)、AF(auxiliary)、PF(parity) ② 控制标志 DF(direction) ③ 系统标志位 TF(trap)、IF(interrupt)、IOPL(I/O privilege level)
3、段寄存器 CS(code)、DS(data)、SS(stack)、ES(extra)
汇编指令的英文全称 一、数据传送指令 1.通用数据传送指令. MOV----> move MOVSX---->extended move with sign data MOVZX---->extended move with zero data PUSH---->push POP---->pop PUSHA---->push all POPA---->pop all PUSHAD---->push all data POPAD---->pop all data BSWAP---->byte swap XCHG---->exchange CMPXCHG---->compare and change XADD---->exchange and add XLAT---->translate 2.输入输出端口传送指令. IN---->input OUT---->output 3.目的地址传送指令. LEA---->load effective address LDS---->load DS LES---->load ES LFS---->load FS LGS---->load GS LSS---->load SS 4.标志传送指令. LAHF---->load AH from flag SAHF---->save AH to flag PUSHF---->push flag POPF---->pop flag PUSHD---->push dflag POPD---->pop dflag
二、算术运算指令 ADD---->add ADC---->add with carry INC---->increase 1 AAA---->ascii add with adjust DAA---->decimal add with adjust SUB---->substract SBB---->substract with borrow DEC---->decrease 1 NEC---->negative CMP---->compare AAS---->ascii adjust on substract DAS---->decimal adjust on substract MUL---->multiplication IMUL---->integer multiplication AAM---->ascii adjust on multiplication DIV---->divide IDIV---->integer divide AAD---->ascii adjust on divide CBW---->change byte to word CWD---->change word to double word CWDE---->change word to double word with sign to EAX CDQ---->change double word to quadrate word
三、逻辑运算指令 AND---->and OR---->or XOR---->xor Exclusive OR NOT---->not TEST---->test SHL---->shift left SAL---->arithmatic shift left算术 SHR---->shift right SAR---->arithmatic shift right ROL---->rotate left ROR---->rotate right RCL---->rotate left with carry RCR---->rotate right with carry
四、串指令 MOVS---->move string CMPS---->compare string SCAS---->scan string LODS---->load string STOS---->store string REP---->repeat REPE---->repeat when equal REPZ---->repeat when zero flag REPNE---->repeat when not equal REPNZ---->repeat when zero flag REPC---->repeat when carry flag REPNC---->repeat when not carry flag
五、程序转移指令 1>无条件转移指令(长转移) JMP---->jump CALL---->call RET---->return RETF---->return far 2>条件转移指令(短转移,-128到+127的距离内) JAE---->jump when above or equal JNB---->jump when not below JB---->jump when below JNAE---->jump when not above or equal JBE---->jump when below or equal JNA---->jump when not above JG---->jump when greater JNLE---->jump when not less or equal JGE---->jump when greater or equal JNL---->jump when not less JL---->jump when less JNGE---->jump when not greater or equal JLE---->jump when less or equal JNG---->jump when not greater JE---->jump when equal JZ---->jump when has zero flag JNE---->jump when not equal JNZ---->jump when not has zero flag JC---->jump when has carry flag JNC---->jump when not has carry flag JNO---->jump when not has overflow flag JNP---->jump when not has parity flag JPO---->jump when parity flag is odd JNS---->jump when not has sign flag JO---->jump when has overflow flag JP---->jump when has parity flag JPE---->jump when parity flag is even JS---->jump when has sign flag 3>循环控制指令(短转移) LOOP---->loop LOOPE---->loop equal LOOPZ---->loop zero LOOPNE---->loop not equal LOOPNZ---->loop not zero JCXZ---->jump when CX is zero JECXZ---->jump when ECX is zero 4>中断指令 INT---->interrupt INTO---->overflow interrupt IRET---->interrupt return 5>处理器控制指令 HLT---->halt WAIT---->wait ESC---->escape LOCK---->lock NOP---->no operation STC---->set carry CLC---->clear carry CMC---->carry make change STD---->set direction CLD---->clear direction STI---->set interrupt CLI---->clear interrupt
六、伪指令 DW---->definw word PROC---->procedure ENDP---->end of procedure SEGMENT---->segment ASSUME---->assume ENDS---->end segment END---->end
Move) MOVC (Move Code) MOVX (Move External) XCH (Exchange) PUSH POP AJMP (Absolute Jump) LJMP (Long Jump) SJMP (Short Jump) JMP (Jump Indirect) JZ (Jump Zero) JNZ (Jump Not Zero) JC (Jump if Carry) JNC (Jump if Not Carry) JB (Jump if Bit is set) JNB (Jump if Not Bit) JBC (If Bit is set and Clear Bit) CJNE (Compare and Jump if Not Equal) DJNZ (Decrement and Jump if Not Zero) ACALL (Absolute Call) LCALL (Long Call) RET (Return) NOP (No Operation) ADD ADDC (Add with Carry) SUBB (Substract with Borrow) MUL (Multiply) DIV (Divide) INC (Increment) DEC (Decrement) ANL (Logical AND) ORL (Logical OR) XRL (Logical Exclusive OR) CPL (Complement) CLR (Clear) SEBT (Set Bit) RL (Rotate Left) RR (Rotate Right) RLC (Rotate Left throught the Carry flag) RRC (Rotate Right throught the Carry flag) XCHD SWAP DA (Decimal Adjust)
ORG (Origin) DB (Define Byte) DW (Define Word) EQU (Equal) DATA XDATA (External Data) BIT END
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