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对于很多人来说，吃饭时的一杯酒会让人感觉食物更顺利地流到胃里去。但是最近一项研究发现，吃大餐的时候喝酒会让食物在胃中的逗留时间更长，会让人更长时间里感觉撑着了。 The findings offer new insight into the complicated and multi-faceted ways that alcohol interacts with digestion and appetite. The study, which analyzed people as they ate cheese fondue, may also help settle a long-standing debate among Europeans about which beverage is best to drink with a popular and festive dish. 这些发现提供了新的视点来洞察酒精与消化过程和食欲之间的复杂多面的相互作用。这项研究在人们吃奶酪火锅的时候研究这一问题。这项研究可能有助于解决一个长期存在于欧洲人之中的争论，这个争论是在吃一顿很丰盛的菜肴时，什么饮料是最合适的呢？ "In Switzerland and other parts of Europe, there is a big debate when families get together about what they are going to drink with fondue," said Mark Fox, a gastroenterologist at the Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center in the United Kingdom. He worked on the study while at the University of Zurich. “在瑞士和欧洲其他地方，当一家人聚在一起吃奶酪火锅的时候总是会为喝什么饮料而争论”，Mark Fox说。Mark Fox是英国诺丁汉姆消化系统疾病研究中心的一位肠胃病学家。这是他在苏黎世大学时做的研究。
"Half say you should drink white wine because it dissolves the cheese," he said. "The other half says you should drink warm tea because wine turns the cheese into a solid mass. All are completely old wives' tales."
他解释道：“一半人说应该喝红酒因为酒精会在奶酪中分解，另一半的人则说应该喝暖暖茶因为酒精会让奶酪凝固成一团。这两种说法完全是无稽之谈。” Fondue-lovers also argue about whether a shot of spirits after the meal will further reduce the discomforts of eating such a rich and gooey dinner. Previous studies have shown that drinking an alcoholic beverage before a meal increases appetite and causes people to eat a bit more than they would otherwise. 奶酪火锅的爱好者则为餐后一小盅会不会减少吃这么油腻粘稠的一餐带来的不舒服而争论。先前的研究已经显示，餐前喝点酒可以开胃，因为这会比他们在餐前不喝酒的情况吃得多一点。 To find out how drinking during and after a meal might add to the story, Fox and colleagues fed a meal of bread and Swiss cheese fondue to 20 healthy adults who hadn't eaten anything for six hours beforehand. 为弄明白喝酒是如何在吃饭时和吃饭后对消化作用产生可能影响的。Fox和他的同事们在实验中，向20个健康成人提供了一顿面包和瑞士奶酪火锅餐，这20个人在实验之前的6个小时内没有吃过任何的东西。 Half of the diners were assigned to sip about 10 ounces of white wine at regular intervals throughout the meal. The other half drank the same volume of black tea at the same intervals. Both groups ate equal amounts of bread and fondue, which was made with Gruyere and Fribourgeois cheeses. The meal contained about 780 calories, 52 grams of protein, 150 milligrams of sodium and 64 grams of fat. 实验中，10个人的任务是在进餐过程中相隔相同时间时喝约10盎司的白酒，另外10个人则是喝同等分量的白酒。两组人在实验中吃相同分量的面包和奶酪火锅。奶酪火锅是由Gruyere和Fribourgeois两种奶酪做成。这顿饭含有780卡路里的热量，52克的蛋白质，150毫克的钠和64克的脂肪。 An hour and a half later, half of each group was again chosen at random to drink a shot of cherry schnapps. The other half drank a shot of water. Throughout the meal, the scientists gave diners breath tests that measured a type of weighted carbon and revealed how slowly or quickly their stomachs were churning up the food. 一个半小时孩子后，每组中的一半的人被随机抽中喝一小盅樱桃味的杜松子酒，每组中剩下的另一半则喝一小盅水。在整个进餐过程中，研究者们对这些进餐者进行呼吸测试，测量一种同位素示踪的碳，揭示他们的胃消化食物的快慢程度。 One of the most striking findings, Fox said, was how incredibly slowly the stomach empties a cheese fondue meal, no matter what you drink. Fox说，最震撼的发现之一就是无论你喝了什么，你的胃消化那餐奶酪火锅的速度都是难以置信的慢。 Extrapolating from their measurements, he estimated that it would take six hours for the stomach to completely empty itself in the group that drank tea and water. By comparison, the process of gastric emptying would take nine hours in those who drank both wine and Schnapps. 从测量结果来推断，Fox估计对于喝茶喝水的人来说，他们的胃将要花费6个小时来完全消化那些食物。相较之下，那些喝白酒和杜松子酒的人的胃则需要9个小时。 For the wine-drinkers, the researchers report today in the journal BMJ, digestion slowed along with the first sip. After chugging schnapps, the rate also dropped immediately. 在今天的BMJ期刊上研究者发表报告，报告中指出，对于喝酒的人来说，在他们喝第一口酒的时候，消化过程就减慢了。在喝了杜松子酒之后，消化的速度就急速下降。 "There's something we call 'cheese baby syndrome,'" Fox said. "You just feel like you're pregnant, like these big lumps of cheese are still sitting in your stomach." “有一种我们称为奶酪婴综合症，”Fox解释说。“你就感觉像怀孕了一样，好像那些奶酪块还在你的胃里没有被消化一样。” Tea drinking might have had the opposite effect: There is some evidence in rats that tea actually speeds up gastric emptying. But the volume of tea used in this study was so small, Fox said, that he imagines that drinking water would produce the same results. 喝茶可能起相反效果：一些在老鼠中的研究显示，茶确实可以加速肠胃消化的速度。Fox说，但是在这个实验中茶的用量太小了，以至于他认为喝水会起到同样的效果。 With their fuller stomachs, the wine-drinkers expressed less interest in eating dessert after the meal than the tea-drinkers did, though there was no difference between groups in how uncomfortable they felt. That suggests, Fox said, that healthy people can probably drink whatever they want with fondue and feel just fine. 当他们的胃被饮料撑得过满的时候，相对于喝茶者，饮酒者餐后对点心表示出更少的兴趣，尽管两组人感觉到的不舒服程度没有什么差别。这就意味着，Fox说，健康的人吃奶酪火锅的时候可以随心所欲地喝他们喜欢的饮料，而且感觉不错。 For people who are prone to bloating and digestive distress after a rich meal, on the other hand, drinking alcohol with food might help relax the stomach at first, soothing symptoms. As the hours wear on, though, discomfort might be worse than if they had chosen tea or water instead. 另一方面，对于那些在大餐之后容易腹部肿胀，消化不良的人来说，喝酒首先可以帮助胃部放松，减缓症状。尽管随着时间慢慢过去，他们要比喝茶或喝水之后更加感觉不舒服。 It's impossible to say from this study whether drinking alcohol with a meal might affect how much food people eat or how much weight they gain or lose, said Thomas Abell, a gastroenterologist at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson. Thomas Abell说，从这份研究中，我们不能下结论说吃饭时喝酒会影响人们吃多少食物，体重增加多少。Thomas Abell是位于杰克逊的密西西比大学医学中心的一名肠胃病学家。 Instead, the findings bring us one small step closer to understanding the complicated interactions between our behaviors and our bodies. 不过，这些结果让我们更进一步了解了我们的行为和我们的身体之间的复杂交互作用。 "To think about how little is actually know about something millions and billions of people do every day is pretty amazing," Abell said. "It's an important article in that way. We do these things all time, and we don't know very much about them. The body is so complex." “只是想一想我们对人们每天所做的成百上千万的事几乎一无所知就已经是一件相当令人惊奇的事了，”Abell说。“在这个意义上来说这是一篇重要的文章。我们一直都在做这些事，但我们却对它们所知甚少。人的身体真是复杂啊。” |
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