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厨师热狗与太阳在几分钟内。
In this section we will show you how to make a powerful solar concentrator that can cook four or five hotdogs in minutes.在这部分中,我们将向你展示如何作出强大的太阳能选矿厂做饭,四个或五个热狗在几分钟内。
The Solar Hotdog Cooker is made out of a thin (1/8 inch thick) plastic mirror that can be found at plastic shops and glass stores (although it may have to be special ordered at some stores). 太阳热狗用一种锅薄弱(1 / 8英寸厚反映)塑料出现在塑料商店和玻璃商店(尽管它可能需要特别订购在很多商店)。The plastic is bent into the shape of a parabola, so that the sun's rays are collected over an eight square foot area, and focused in a thin line. 塑料是弯曲成一个抛物线的形状,使太阳光线是收集8平方英尺的地区,聚焦于一条细线。The hotdogs are roasted on a spit placed at the focus, and turned every once in a while to prevent them from burning.在经过烘焙热狗的焦点放在吐痰,把每隔一段时间,以防止这些燃烧。
Materials材料For the solar cooker you will need:太阳能炊具您将需要:
Assembly装配Place the two sheets of plywood together, one on top of the other. 把两张胶合板在一起,一个在另一个的上面。Using a tape measure and a carpenter's square, mark off where the holes will be drilled for the mirror supports (the 92 small nails or pegs).使用卷尺,一种木工广场,划去打漏洞在哪里为镜子支持(92分小钉或小木橛子)。 All holes are drilled completely through both sheets of plywood. 所有的孔都完全可以通过纸上夹板。The holes are to be drilled according to the following table:钻的孔都是根据下表:
Next drill a set of holes above the first set, about a third of an inch above the first set of holes. 下一个钻一个套孔第一套以上,约有三分之一的一英寸以上的第一套孔。The first set of holes will eventually have 23 of the small nails placed in each side, to hold the mirror up. 第一批孔最终还是会第二十三条的指甲放置在每一边小镜子,去掌握。The second row will also have 23 small nails pushed in, this time to hold the mirror in place from above. 第二排的人也会有23小指甲推,该时间举办镜中的地方,从以上。The exact spacing is not critical, but you don't want them too close together, or the top nails will hit the mirror instead of resting on top of the mirror.确切的间距没被严格的,但你不想让他们在一起太近,或者说是排名前钉子将击中镜面上而不是休息照着镜子。 Next drill eight holes for the screws that will hold the 2x4 lumber in place. 8孔下钻螺丝,将举行运算木材在的地方。The holes are 3/4 inch from the edges of the plywood. 这些孔3 / 4英寸从边缘夹板。On the left and right, a pair are drilled 15 inches from the bottom and 13 inches from the bottom. 左右,一副经过钻孔15英寸从底部和13英寸的底部。At the bottom, a pair are drilled 10 and 12 inches from the left, and the last pair is 36 and 38 inches from the left.在底部,经过钻孔一对10到12英寸的最后一把左)与36和38英寸的离开了。 The focus of the parabola is 9.14 inches from the bottom, and 24 inches from the left. 是抛物线的焦点将乘坐九点9点14分英寸的底部和24英寸到右前方。Drill a hole that is the same diameter as the spit wire, or a little bit larger. 钻一个洞的直径相同把线、或大一点。This hole should go through both sheets of plywood.要穿过这个洞两张夹板。 Just above one of the focus holes, drill a large hole in one plywood sheet, just touching the hole for the spit. 一个上方的关注钻一个洞,在一个大洞床单,胶合板的摸掉洞随地吐痰。This large hole will accomodate the food (hotdogs or kebabs), so it should be at least an inch in diameter, but three or four inches would be better. 这个大洞储存量会热狗的食物(或肉串),那么它应该至少一个英寸直径、但三四英寸,可能会更好一些。The spit with the food on it will be inserted into this hole, and the spit will then drop into the much smaller hole at the focus, to keep the spit in exactly the right place.把盘子里的食物,会插入到这个坑里,吐唾沫将滴在更小的洞的核心,保持吐唾沫在正确的地方。 Cut four pieces from the 2x4 lumber. 从运算四件切木材。Each piece should be exactly 2 feet long.每一件应该完全2英尺长。 Using the 2 inch long screws, screw the 2x4 pieces to one of the plywood sheets, centering each pair of screws in the end of each piece of 2x4. 使用2英寸长的螺钉,把运算的作品以表,胶合板每一对螺丝在最后的每一件运算。The result should look something like the legs of a small table.结果应该看起来类似于腿了小桌子上。 Attach the second plywood sheet to the other end of the 2x4 pieces.把第二胶合板页运算的另一端碎片。
The photo above shows the back side of the cooker, where the 2x4 spreaders can be seen. 上述照片显示背面的地方烹饪器具,石运算能看到。Note also the remaining length of 2x4 is used as a support (more about that later).另外剩下的长度作为支持运算(更多关于那以后)。 Next push 46 of the small nails into the bottom row of holes.下推46的小钉子钉入下面一行是孔的网。 Now set the mirror onto the top of the cooker, and gently push it down to rest on the nails. 现在镜子的上部炉子,轻轻的推下来休息的指甲。Put a pair of nails in the center pair of holes on top of the mirror, then work your way outwards, placing pairs of nails to hold the mirror down. 摆出一副钉子在中心对孔上的镜子,然后就工作你的方式向外投射,把对指甲保持镜子下来。(I used cotton tipped wooden swabs in the picture because they photograph better than nails.)(我使用棉花棒木制将这幅画的照片,因为他们比指甲。) The last step is to place a few screws in the remaining long piece of 2x4, leaving the head of the screws sticking an inch or two out of the wood. 最后一步是摆出几个螺丝钉在余下的根长运算,留下的头把螺丝一两英寸走出树林。These will act as supports to hold the cooker so it is tilted toward the sun.这些将作为支持举办炊具是朝太阳倾斜。 The spit is formed from the 3 foot piece of wire. 形成一模一样从3英尺的段铁丝。A coat hanger can be used, but wires that thin tend to sag in the middle when burdened by a few hotdogs. 一个衣架也可以用,但是电线,瘦的人倾向于凹陷中面对着一些热狗时。A thicker, stiffer wire is better.一个较厚,硬线是更好。 To make it easier to turn the food, a crank is formed by bending the wire at one end as shown in the labeled photo.使它更加容易把食品、曲柄是由弯曲线显示在另一端的标记的照片。
Cooking with the sun烹饪与太阳Carefully poke the 3 foot wire spit through the hotdogs or kebabs. 小心的开三脚线吐唾沫通过热狗或肉串。Try to center the food on the spit, so the food will rotate when you rotate the spit, instead of slipping to keep the heavy part down.试着中心把盘子里的食物,食物会旋转当你旋转,而不是把沉重的部分跌至保持下来。 Insert the spit through the food hole, and insert the far end of the wire into the small focus hole in the far plywood sheet.透过食物把插入孔内,插入的尽头的小焦点电线植入孔在遥远的夹板纸上。 Rest the near end of the spit in the small focus hole at the bottom of the food hole.近段休息的焦点吐唾沫在小洞,在底部的食品洞。 Align the solar cooker with the sun. 把太阳能炊具太阳。Start with the cooker flat on the ground, then turn it until it is parallel with your shadow. 从炊具平放在地上,然后向它直到它与你的影子。The sun will just barely graze both of the plywood sheets when the cooker is aligned properly (this can be seen in most of the photos on this page).太阳会只是很少吃草胶膜纸都当炊具是对齐的很这可以从的大部分照片在这页)。 Next tip one end of the cooker up until the shadow of the spit falls directly on the center nail at the bottom of the parabola. 下一个提示一个结束的炊具直到把阴影中心直接落到底部的钉子抛物线。This can be clearly seen in the labeled photo.这可以清楚地看到标记的照片。 Hold the remaining scrap of 2x4 up against the back side of the cooker, and mark where a screw should be placed to hold the cooker at the right elevation. 拘留其余的小与运算的背面炉子,马克在螺丝应该放置举办炊具在适当的水平。Screw the screw into the 2x4, leaving an inch or two sticking out to hold the top 2x4 spreader. 把螺丝到运算,让一两英寸的住在上方侧向突出吊运算。If you like, the screw can be placed a little higher up, and the cooker can be adjusted to the exact angle by tilting the support backwards.如果你愿意,螺杆可以放置高一点,将炊具可调整的确切的支持是倾斜的角度向后。
When the cooker is adjusted properly, the sun will be focused on the food, making bright lines across it (sunglasses are recommended at this phase). 当电灶是调整好,太阳将集中在食品,使亮线穿过它(的太阳镜是推荐在这个阶段)。You can see the shadows of the nails on the walls of the cooker. 你可以看到指甲的阴影在墙上的炊具。These shadows should all cross at the focus, where the hotdogs are.这些阴影都应该过的焦点,那里的热狗。 The hotdogs can be seen in the mirror, highly magnified. 热狗的可以在镜子里看见了,高度被放大了。The shadow of the hotdogs can be seen being cast by the mirror onto the back side of the hotdogs in the photo above. 热狗的影子可以看到镜像被扔在热狗的背面,在照片以上。In the photo below, the shadows of the nails can be clearly seen, crossing at the focus of the parabola.在照片下面,影子指甲的,可以清楚地看到的焦点十字路口抛物线。
The hotdogs will start steaming in less than a minute. 热狗将开始热气腾腾的不到一分钟。The spit should be turned every couple minutes to prevent black lines from being burned into the food (unless you like your hotdogs with black stripes). 要变把每隔几分钟,避免释放出黑线的食品被烧(除非你喜欢你的热狗,带有黑色条纹)。The hotdogs will be quite hot in about 10 minutes, or burned black all over in about 20 minutes.热狗的将会十分热在10分钟左右,或烧伤的黑在大约20分钟。
Things to notice in the above photo:事情要注意到上面的照片:
How does it do that?它如何做呢?A parabola is a shape with some interesting properties that make it perfect for cooking hotdogs.抛物线是一种形状一些有趣的特性使其适合烹饪热狗。 The sun is bigger than the earth, and very far away. 太阳比地球,非常遥远。This means that the sunlight that hits the earth appears to be in parallel rays.这意味着阳光击打地面似乎在平行光线。 If we had thousands of tiny mirrors, connected by hinges in a line, and we tilted each mirror so it would reflect these parallel rays onto one spot, the mirrors would line up in a parabola.如果我们有成千上万的微小的“镜子”,对一条直线上的铰链连接,我们倾斜,使它个个镜子都反映了这些平行光在一个点,镜子会对齐于一个抛物线。
Mathematically, a parabola is defined as a set of points that are the same distance from both a point (called the focus) and a straight line (called the directrix).数学抛物线被定义为一组测量点的距离相等的两个点(称为集中)和一条直线(称为directrix)。
The formula for the parabola used in the solar cooker is推导了抛物线用于太阳能灶 y = 0.035x2+2每升1级+ 2 0.035x2 y =
I chose this formula so the parabola would be deeply curved, and would fit into the 2 foot by 4 foot plywood sheets. 我选择这个配方,好抛物线会带来严重的弯曲,并将融入2英尺4英尺的胶合板表。We want the focus to be close to the mirror, so that as the sun moves, the focus does not move very much.我们想要接近关注的焦点,这面镜子,随着太阳的移动而没有移动,重点分析了很多。 Having the focus close to the mirror is like having the fulcrum of a lever close to one end. 在这样观念的接近镜子的支点,好像是在使用杠杆接近1结束。The sun end of our lever can move a lot, while the hotdog end of our lever hardly moves at all. 太阳移动杆可以结束,我们有很多,而热狗结束,我们几乎移动杠杆。This means that we don't have to raise or lower the cooker very often as the sun moves.这意味着我们不需要提高或者降低炊具很经常随着太阳的移动。 The +2 part of the equation says that the bottom of the parabola will be 2 inches from the bottom of the plywood. + 2部分的方程表示,抛物线的底部将2英寸从山脚到夹板。This gives us room for the 2x4 spreaders, and room to drill the bottom hole for the support nails.这给了我们的空间、房间石运算底部钻洞的支持的指甲。 The bottom of the parabola is called the vertex. 抛物线的底部被称为顶点。The vertex is always halfway between the focus and the directrix. 它的顶点总是夹角的焦点和directrix。The distance from the vertex to the focus is顶点的距离的焦点
11
0.0350.035 44
or about 7.14 inches.约7.14英寸。 A square meter of the earth's surface gets about 1000 watts of power from sunlight. 一平方米的地球表面有1000瓦的电力来自阳光。Our mirror intercepts about 8 square feet of sunlight, or about three quarters of a square meter. 我们截获镜子8平方英尺的阳光或者大约四分之三平方米。This means that our cooker is the rough equivalent of a 750 watt electric stove.这意味着我们的锅子粗糙的相当于750瓦特电炉。 |
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