专题十一：被动语态精讲 概念被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示
主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有及物动词有被动语态。汉语往往用"被
""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义。二、将下列语句替换为被动语态EG：We have studied English for 3
years at the spare-time school.被动语态→English has been studied by
us for 3 years at the spare-time school.They had produced 100 tra
ctors by the end of last year.→100 tractors by the end of last y
ear.They have warned us to be careful of rats.→We to be careful
of rats by them.People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish i
n streets.→Plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.No one has ev
er beaten him at tennis.→He at tennis.三、构成形式①助动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词②情态
动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Tips：时态用法和主动语态相同，只是改变了语态，详见下表。四、注意事项不及物动词或动词短语无被动语
态（即多数的瞬间动词）例如：appear， die,disappear, end , fail, happen, last, li
e, remain, sit, spread, stand，break out, come true, fall asleep,
keep silence, lose heart, take place.等均无被动语态。不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：例
如：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree wi
th, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, ha
ppen to, take part in, walk into, belong to系动词无被动语态（keep除外）：例如：ap
pear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell
, sound, stay, taste, turn带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, deat
h, dream, live，life当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。Eg：（√）She likes to swim.（×）T
o swim is liked by her.主动语态to走开，被动语态to回来：在主动语态中，make，let，hear，see
，notice等其后跟省略to的动词不定式时，变为被动语态时必须还原不定式to。例如：The boss made him work
14 hours a day.→He was made to work 14 hours a day.We heard him
sing this song in the room.→He was heard to sing this song in the
room. 带双宾语的动词give, send , teach , lend , show , pass ,tell等，在变成被
动语态时,可以有两种情况.如果用直接宾语作为被动语态的主语,这时，间接宾语前要加介词to;如果用间接宾语做主语,则不加to.如:A
pen was given to me by my friend yesterday.→My friend gave me a
pen yesterday.→I was given a pen by my friend yesterday.五、一些非谓语的主
动形式表被动意义①need，want，require, bear，含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式Eg：The house need
s repairing（to be repaired）.②worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而wo
rthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Eg：The picture-book is well worth reading.→The
picture-book is very worthy to be read．③动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾
关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Eg：I have a lot of things to
do this afternoon．④万能句：it’s +adj+for sb to do sth.⑤too...to..结构，
主动表备洞含义Eg：This book is too expensive to buy.⑥介词in，on等+名词构成介词短语表被
动意义Eg：The building is under construction.→The building is being
constructed.习题练Chinese kites in ancient times_______（design） in t
he shape of birds.teacher keeps telling us that the future （belo
ng）to the well-educated.My brother and I have （invite）her birthda
y party.The Great Wall （know）all over the world.Where to have th
e meeting______________ ( discuss) now.The old man is ill. He (
must send) to the hospital.The lost boy___________ (not find) so far.The food （smell）delicious.Last year a large number of trees_______________ ( cut) down.So far, the moon （visit）by man already. |
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