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英语字母组合发音规律秘诀

 史永存 2011-02-03

1.开音节
   1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例:be,he。
   2)以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例:make,like。
   * 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。

2.闭音节
    以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,
   称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。
   * 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。

字母a,e,i,o,u 在重读音节中的读法
    
字母 名称 位置 读音 举例
a /ei/
         开音节 /ei/ name,take 
        闭音节 /? / map,bag

e /i:/
        开音节  /i:/ be,he
        闭音节 /e/ egg,best
i /ai/
        开音节  /ai/ like,kite
        闭音节 /i/ bit,fit
o /ou/
         开音节  /Eu/ note,no
         闭音节 // dog,lot
u /ju:/
         开音节  /ju:/ mute,use
         闭音节 // bus,cut

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
   在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
   在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
  在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [Eu] those close go hoe home no
   在闭音节中 [E] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday,但u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super。但u在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch

二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母读音例词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother

三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母读音例词
a [E] China another woman breakfast
   [i ]  orange comrade village cabbage

e [E] hundred student open weekend
   [i ] chicken pocket begin children
i  [E]/[i]  holiday beautiful family animal
   [ai]      exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
   [Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
   [ju(:)] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:) ]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。
四、-r音节元音字母组合
   1、在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词
          ⑴、ar    一般发音      [α:] car farm dark sharpener
                        在[w]音后面 [c:] warm quarter towards
          ⑵、or    一般发音      [c:] forty morning short
                        在[w]音后面 [E:] word worker worse
          ⑶、er ir ur                   [E:]  certainly bird Thursday
          ⑷、辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry
  2、在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字母组合
      1、在重读音节中的读音
             are [εE] care dare hare
             ere [iE] here mere
             ire [aiE] fire hire wire
             ore [c:] more score before
             ure [juE] pure cure
     2、在非重读音节中are ere ire ore很少出现,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure
    
     3、重读元音字母+r+非重读元音字母组时,重读元音字母应按a(e,i,o,u)re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring
    
     4、某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph
六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合读音例词
ai/ay [ei]        rain wait day play
 
air    [εE]        air hair chair pair repair
 
al  在f,m,s前后
            [c:]       small ball talk wall all
            [ c: l ]   always also salt almost
            [α:]        half calm
 
au/aw   [c:]        autumn daughter draw
 
ea的发音
            [i:]          teach easy cheap please
            [e]          heavy bread sweater weather
            [ei]         break great
ear
          [iE]         hear dear near clear year
          [εE]        bear pear wear swear
          [E:]         earth learn early
 
ee       [i:]               jeep week green three
eer      [iE]           pioneer deer beer
 
ei/ey
           [ei]       eight neighbour they
           [i:]        either key
 
eu/ew在j l r s后
           [ju:]       new few newspaper
           [u:]         flew brew jewelry
 
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
 
oa [ou]            coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [?:]      roar board door floor
oi/oy [?i]          noise point boy toilet
 
oo 
    1. 重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),
    2. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, p,s,t前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),room(房间),soon(不久),loop(圈,环),goose(鹅)boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿)等.有二个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);:foot[u](脚);
    3. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),特例词:food[u:](食物);
    4. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。如:bedroom(卧室),classroom(教室)等;
    5. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[∧]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.
    6. 后接r时字母组合oo发音素[?:]      door,floor
    
ou/ow
             [au]     flower house count down
             [ou]     know row throw though
             [∧]      young country enough
             [u:]       group you soup
 
our
             [?:]      course your four
             [auE]    our hour ours
             [E:]       journey
 
ui在j l r s后
              [ju:i]     fluid suicide tuition
              [u ]      juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音
元音字母组合或字群读音例词
ai/ay ,  ei/ey  [i]            Sunday foreign monkey

ow               [ou]         yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [t∫En] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫E] picture culture

八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜

九、辅音字母组合的读音
辅音字母组合 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag
   [/]  bomb tomb
 
c
    (1)后跟元音字母a,o,u时,字母c发[k],例如:cat,come,cut,cake picture coat music;后跟e,i,y时,字母c发[s],例如:nice,decide,Lucy,face decide cinema。
    (2)后跟辅音字母k,r,s,t,以及位于单词最后时,字母c发[k],例如:black,crossing,politics,dictate,picnic。
    (3)单词中有双写字母c,后跟元音字母e或i时第一个c发[k],第二个c发[s],例如:successful,accident;后跟其它元音字母或字母组合时,两个c合发一个[k],例如:account。 
(4)后跟字母组合ei,er,ie或与词尾的字母e组合时,c发[s],例如:receive,certainly,society;后跟字母组合ia时,c发[∫],例如:especially。                             
 
ch
          一般读作 [t∫]            much chick rich teacher
                           [k]          chemist(化学家),chem-istry(化学),chemical(化学的),Christmas(圣诞节),          headache(头痛),school(学校)等6个单词中读[k]
                           [∫]             machine
 
-ck      [k]             cock pocket black knock
 
d         [d]             doctor bread hand day
-dge    [dV]           bridge fridge
 
dr-      [dr]            children driver drink
 
f          [f]               five four breakfast
 
g在e i/y前 [g]       bag garden go
                  [dV]    orange large German
 
gh字母组合的读音在中学英语课本中归纳起来主要有“发音”和“不发音”两种情况。
       一、gh在下列三种情况下发音
            1.gh在词首时,读作/g/。例:ghost/g?ust/
            2.词首为字母1,且后跟字母组合augh时,gh读作/f/。例:laugh/la:f/,laughter/'la:ft?/,cough ,enough 
            3.词尾为字母组合ough时,gh读作/f/。例:enough /i'n?f/,cough/k?f/,rough/r?f/,tough/t?f/
       二、gh在下列五种情况下不发音
            1.gh 在元音字母i后不发音。例:bright/brait/,fight/fait/,frighten/'fraitn/,high/hai/,light/lait/,might/mait/,night/nait/,right/rait/,sight/sait/,slight/slait/
            2.gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音。例:eight/eit/,eighth/eitθ/,neighbor/'neib?/,straight/streit/,weigh/wei/,weight/weit/
            3.gh在字母组合ought中不发音。例:bought/b?:t/,brought/br?:t/,fought/f?:t/,thought/θ?:t/
            4.字母组合augh前面不是1时,gh不发音。caught/k?:t/,daughter/'d?:t?/,naught/n?:t/,naughty/'n?:ti/,taught/t?:t/
            5.词尾为ough的词,如以上所述,有的发/f/,但有时也不发音。例:although/?:l'e?u/,plough/plau/,through/θru:/,though/e?u/,thorough/'θ?r?/
 
       注意:若gh不是字母组合,而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时,不适合以上规则。例:dininghall/'daini?h?:l/
 
gu-
          -guegu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue
          [gw]            language anguish
 
h         
           [h]              hot head house hand
           [/]               hour honest
 
j          [dV]            jeep jar joke join July
 
k         [k]               kind bike skate make week
kn-      [n]               knife know knock
l          [l]                 life milk school tall
 
m        [m]               monkey come autumn
 
-mn     [m]               autumn column solemn
 
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
                          [N] uncle thank hungry
 
-ng [N] morning young wrong
 
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
 
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
 
qu- [kw] quality quite
 
r [r] red rubber ruler
 
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
          [z] music husband
 
sc- [sk] scarlet
      [s] muscle science
 sh   [∫] she fish shirt wash
t
       [t] ten letter meet
       在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation
 
 tch [t∫] watch
 
th有清与浊两种读音:
     1 当位于词首时,可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。请看:
      第一类:在以下 4种 词类 th 读 清音,即国际音标的 θ :
                a. Noun 名词:thing, theatre, thumb大拇指, thunder雷,thermos热水瓶, Thursday, theory, theme, throat喉咙, thread线
                b. Verb 动词:think, thank, throw, thrive, thicken, 
                c.Numeral 数词:three, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand
                d.Adjective 形容词:thin, thick, thirsty, thoughtful, thorough彻底的
      第二类:在以下 两种 词类 th 读 浊音:
                a. Pronoun 代词:they, them, their, theirs, this, these,that, those, there
                b. Functional terms 功能词:the, than, then, though, thus,therefore
      2 当位于词尾(或音节之尾)时,其读音多数是清音,如:bath, breath, both, cloth, tooth, health, wealth, arithmetic 等。只有在少数单词中,如:with, smooth 中读浊音。
      3 当位于两个元音之间时,其读音多数是浊音。如:other, mother, brother, another, father, weather, feather, leather, further, breathe。 但是,也有读清音的,如在单词 method, nothing, anything, sympathy, sympathetic, mathematics, healthy, wealthy, Luther, Marathon(马拉松)等。
 
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
 
v [v] very voice love leave
 
w   
    [w] week win wake sweet wait
    [/] Answer two
 
wh-
     wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why
      [h] who whose whole
 
x
      在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
      [gz] example exist exact
 
wr- [r] write
 
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
 
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
 

26个字母发音规律a /ei/ name cake  table /?/ apple cat map am/α: / want dance

/o/ what watch

b /b/ book big  bag box

c /k/ cat cake cup clock car

/s/ face nice pencil books

d /d/ desk doll dog dad

e /i:/ he she meet me

/e/ elephant egg bed pen

f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan

g /ɡ/ gun glass glad glove     

/dз / age orangeh /h/ hat he house handi /ai / fine bike five ice/i/ is sit miss pig picture

j / dз / jeep jam jacket jar

k /k/ kite cake black thank

l /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp

/l/ apple bowl tell old

m/m/ am map my mouth milk

n /n/ no know new hand

o /?u / old home nose coke

/o/ dog not clock box

/Λ / son month mother love

p /p/ map jeep pig pen appleq /kw / quite quilt quickr /r/ red radio brother rackets /s/ sit miss this smile books

/z/ nose those rose rulers

t /t/ it sit not that table little

u /ju: / use usually excuse

/Λ / bus us sun duck

/ u / put pull push

v /v / five vase very seven

w /w/ we window watch want

x /ks /  box six fox

y /ai / my fly why bye / j / yes yellow / i / happy baby veryz / z / zoo  zero

元音组合

ai /ei/ wait paint

ay /ei/ may play day say

air /ε? / air hair chair

al /o: / tall small ball

ar /α: / farther farm car arm

ea /i:/ meat please tea read /e/ head bread ready / i? / theaterear / i? / ear hear near

 / ε? / bear

 / ?: / earth

ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep

eir / ε? / their

er / ? / worker teacher

 / ?: / her

ere /i ? / here

  /ε? / where there

ew /ju: / new few /u: / flew grewight /ai / right high brightir /?: / bird girl shirt thirty

oa /?u / boat coat

ong /o? / long song

oo /u/ book foot good

 /u:/ moon balloon

or / : / short fork port

 /?: / word world work

oor /o: / door floor

ore /o:/ more store sore

ou / au / out house mouthour /o: / four  your  /au? / ourow/ ?u / bowl window

 /au / now cow flower

oy /oi/ boy toy

ur / ?: / turn

辅音组合

th /θ/ thank mouth

 / δ/ this that with

tr /tr/ tree train truckdr /dr/ dress driver sh /∫/ shirt wash shortch /t∫/ child chair catch

 / k / school Christmas

 / dз/ sandwich

tw /tw/ two twin twenty

wh /w/ white wheel what

 /h/ who whose whom

ts /ts/ jackets kites

ds /dz/ birds friends

 x: 这个字母跟f,l,m,n,s,z一样同属限音/e/一族,什么叫限音/e/呢,就是这些字母的读音都含有/e/,限音的意思就是这些字母在组成单词的时候,发音要去掉/e/,比如x这个字母的发音是/eks/,那么在它组合单词的时候,发间就变成了/ks/。同样的,其它几个限音/e/一族也遵循着这个规律。(当然有时会有浊化音的产生,比如说s的读音为/es/,在单词中有时会读成/s/,有时则会浊化为/z/)。

m: 这个字母多发两个音,由于音标是一样的,所以在这里没法对两个读音作区分,那么在这里只需记住一个单词就可以清楚的了解在什么情况下m这个字母发何种音,这个单词就是mum,很简单,m在元音前和在元音后所发的音是不一样的。

y: 这个字母号称半元音。它在组合单词的时候一共有三种发音,分别是/j/,/ai/,/i/。当y在词首的时候,它发/j/,如yes,yard,yet等。当y存在于词中和词尾的时候又分为两种情况:1、当单词中没有元音的时候,y发/ai/,如my,fly.2、在单词中已经含有元音的时候,y发音为/i/,如family,sorry.

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