(1)在英语口语中,常用have got 代替have ,作“有”解。
I have a bike. = I have got a bike. 其否定式为: I don’t have a bike. = I haven’t a bike. I haven’t got a bike. (√) I don’t have got a bike. (×) 其疑问形式为: Have you a bike? / Have you got a bike? Do you have a bike? (√) Do you have got a bike? (×) (2)在下列情况下不能用have got来代替have。 A. 在情态动词,助动词或动词不定式之后,只能用have,不用have got。如: May I have some more tea?我可以再喝点茶吗? Would you like to have another apple?你想再吃一个苹果吗? B. 在过去时,完成时或进行时中,不用 have got, 而用have。如:
Li Hong had a problem.李红有一个问题。 I have had the bike for three years.我买这辆自行车已经3年了。 C. 固定短语中不用have got。 have a rest/ a swim/ a wash/ a drink have lunch, have a meeting, have a party, etc. have got 和have意思一样,都有"有"的意思,have got多用于口语。他们在下面情况下可以互换。
① I have a pen. I have got a pen. “有” ② I have a headache. I have got a headache. “得病” ③ have to = have got to 以上三种情况have =have got have got 是英式英语的用法,一般用语口语,非正式语言。通常美国人用have 在表示一次性动作时,have to和have got to是可以互换的,如:
I have (got) to be back by ten o'clock. 我必须10点前返回来。 I haven't got to work tomorrow. 我明天不必上班。 但是,当表示习惯性动作时,尤其是当句中含有表示经常性的副词 (如always, often, sometimes等)时,则应使用have to, 而不使用have got to,如: I don't usually have to work on Sundays. 通常我在星期天不必工作。 I often have to get up at 5. 我常常不得不5点钟起床。 看下面两个句子: Jim's got to check the temperature every 12 hours. Jim has to check the temperature every 12 hours. have got to 一般没有“习惯性”的含义,而且,当它和具有动态意义的动词连用时,常常是指将来……。第1句可能含有指示,命令的意思,规定吉姆将来的职责;而第2句更加可能是表示一种习惯性动作(这就是吉姆现在的职责了)。 have to 与 have got to的另一区别,就是后者不大用于过去时,如: They didn't have to worry about money. 他们那时不必为金钱而操心。 I had to walk very fast to catch up with you. 为了赶上你,我不得不走得很快。 最后一个区别,就是have to 前可加助动词或情态动词,或者用在进行时和完成时结构中,而have got to却不能,如: I shall have to help him as much as I can. 我不得不尽我所能去帮助他。 He may have to cancel his plan. 他也许不得不取消他的计划。 People are having to boil their drinking water during this emergency. 在这个紧急状况下,人们必须煮沸他们的饮用水。 The administration has had to make unpopular decisions. 行政部门不得不做出不得人心的决定。 一般来说,我们避免直接使用have形式 (原文:“这看起来不自然”)
在十分正式的英国英语里面, 还可以使用 Have you sth.?以及 I haven't sth. ,这在美国英语是绝对不出现的。 在非正式文体中, have got更好 但是have got形式不经常用在其他时态, 比如 I had got , I will have got都比较少见。 但是可以与情态动词合用: She must have got a nice present. 当我们表达重复性动作的时候, 使用do+have的形式, 而不是have got 以上的用法以英国英语为标准。 如果在美国英语里面, do+have几乎是最常用的形式, 口语中则会出现 have got。 不过随着时间的推移,美国英语对英国英语影响越来越大, 现在do+have的形式也经常被使用。 |
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