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Q quality[5kwClItI] n.[U]质量 [C]性质，品质：The goods are of bad (poor) quality. 这批货质量很差。/ They differ much in quality. 他们在质量方面有很大差别。 quantity[5kwCntItI] n.[C,U]数量，量：He lost a great quantity of blood. 他大量失血。/ Quantities of books were on the desk. 在桌上有很多书。 【说明】a quantity of / quantities of 可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词。 quarrel[5kwRrEl] v.& n. [C]争吵：They had a quarrel about [over] the division of the money. 他们为了分钱的事吵了起来。 quarter[5kwR:tE] n.[C]四分之一，一刻钟：three quarters 四分之三 / She cut the cake into quarters. 她把蛋糕切成四份。 queen[kwi:n] n.[C]女王，王后：The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace. 英国女王住在白金汉宫。 question[5kwestFEn] n.[C]问题 vt.质疑，对…提出质疑：It is not a question of money. 这不是钱的问题。/ There’s no question about his success. 毫无疑问他会成功。 【比较】out of the question与out of question：前者表示“不可能”、“不值得考虑的”；后者表示“毫无疑问”。 quick[kwIk] adj.& adv.快，迅速的(地)：He’s quick at learning foreign languages. 他外语学得快。/ He is quick to learn. 他学得很快(即一学即会)。 quiet[5kwaIEt] adj.安静的，平静的：The house was quiet. 房子里很安静。 quite[kwaIt] adv.完全，十分，很：That’s quite impossible. 那完全不可能。 【用法】1.不用于修饰副词too(太)。2.通常不用于修饰比较级，惟一的例外是 quite better(身体好)：I’m quite better now. 我现在好多了。 R race[reIs] n.[C,U]种族，民族；(动植物的)种，属 v.(与…)赛跑，比赛；(使)疾走，赶快 n.[C]赛跑，竞赛：In the story a rabbit raced with a tortoise. 在这个故事里一只兔子与一只乌龟赛跑。/ I had a race with him. 我曾与他赛跑过。 【用法】主要用于速度方面的比赛，如赛跑、赛马、划船等。 radio[5reIdIEJ] n.[C]收音机 [U]无线电：He sent a message by radio. 他拍发了无线电报。/ He decided to speak on the radio. 他决定发表广播讲话。 railway[5reIlweI] n.[C]铁路，铁道：He likes travelling by railway. 他喜欢乘火车旅行。/ Go over this bridge to the railway station. 过这座桥可到火车站。 rain[reIn] vi.下雨 n. [U,C]雨，雨水：The crops need rain. 庄稼需要雨水。 raincoat[5reInkEJt] n.[C]雨衣：He had no raincoat on when the rain started. 开始下雨时他没穿雨衣。 raise[reIz] vt.举起，抬起；增加，提高；饲养，种植；唤起，唤醒；提出，提起：Her wages were raised. 她涨工资了。/ He raised his voice. 他提高了嗓音。/ He raised the price of the sugar. 他提高了糖价。 【辨析】raise与rise：前者及物，后者不及物。 rapid[5rApId] adj.快的，迅速的：The improvement was rapid. 改进很快。/ He has made rapid progress. 他进步很快。 rather[5rB:TE] adv.宁可，宁愿，相当：I would rather not tell him. 我宁愿不告诉他。 【短语】would rather...than... 宁愿(做)…而不愿(做)… / rather than 而不，不是…(而是)，与其…(不如) 【用法】1.可修饰副词too(太)、比较级、动词等：It’s rather too expensive. 这太贵了。/ She is rather better today. 她今天好多了。2.would rather 后接动词用原形；若谈论过去情况，用动词完成式；若后接从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气(指现在或将来用过去时，指过去用过去完成时)：I’d rather you went tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天去。 ray[reI] n.[C]光线 ，射线；一线光明：There isn’t a ray of hope for us. 我们一线希望也没有了。 reach[ri:tF] v.到达，抵达；伸手 n.伸手可及之距离：He reached out for the book.=He reached out his hand for the book. 他伸手去拿那本书。/ Keep the medicine out of the children’s reach.=Keep the medicine out of reach of the children. 把药放在小孩伸手拿不到的地方。 read[ri:d]v. (read, read)读，朗读，看懂；辨认，标明：I read about it in the paper. 这是我在报上看到的。 reading[5ri:dIN]n. [U]读，阅读，读物：The book is not healthy reading for children. 这本书对小孩来说不属健康读物。 ready[5redI]adj.准备好的，有准备的：Are you ready for the journey? 你为旅行准备好了吗? 【说明】be ready to do sth 是常用结构，除表示“准备做某事”外，还可表示“简直要做某事”、“就要发生某事”、“太喜欢做某事”、“动辄就做某事”：The girl is ready to cry. 这姑娘似乎要哭了。/ Don’t be so ready to find fault. 不要动不动就找毛病。 real[rIEl] adj.真实的，确实的；现实的，实际的：Is the ring real gold? 这个戒指是真金的吗? / This is a story of real life. 这是现实生活中的故事。 【说明】有时用作副词(=very / really)，主要见于非正式的美国英语中：I’m real sorry. 我非常抱歉。 realize / realise[5rIElaIz] v.认识到，了解；实现：He came to realize that he was mistaken. 他明白他错了。 【说明】表示“实现”，其宾语可能是“好”的东西，也可能是“不好”的东西：My worst fears were realized when I saw what the exam questions were. 当我看到考试是些什么题目时，我最害怕发生的事发生了。 really[5rIElI]adv.确实，真正地：I’m really anxious to see him. 我的确急于见他。 reason[5ri:zn] n.[C,U]理由，原因v.推理：There are many reasons against it. 有很多反对的理由。/These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。 receive[rI5si:v] vt.收到，接到，接待；接受；受到：It was a great honour to receive the award. 得到这个奖是很荣幸的事。 recent[5ri:snt] adj.新近的，最近的：His recent behavior puzzles me. 他最近的行为使我迷惑不解。/ He has made a lot of money in recent years. 近几年他赚了不少钱。 recognize[5rekEgnaIz]v.认识，认出，承认：He recognized her in the photo. 他在这张照片上认出了她。/ He didn’t recognize that he had made a big mistake. 他不承认他犯了个大错误。/ I recognized her as [to be] a cheat. 我认出她是个骗子。 record[rI5kR:d]v.记录，记载；录音(像) n.[5rekR:d] [C]记录，记载，唱片：This was a record set by a Chinese girl. 这是一个中国姑娘创造的记录。 recover[rI5kQvE] v.恢复，找回，重新获得：I was the first to recover. 我是第一个恢复过来的人。/ I recovered the money I had lost. 我找回了丢失的钱。 red[red] adj.红色的 n.[U]红色：the Red Sea 红海 / red flowers 红花 reduce[rI5dju:s]vt.缩减，减少：He is trying to reduce expenses. 他正试图减少开支。/ We reduced the price by 10 percent. 我们把价格降低了百分之十。 【注意】reduce sth (sb) to (把某物减少到，使某人陷入某种状态，使某人变成)中的to是介词，不是不定式符号：Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饥饿使他们沦落为盗贼。 refer[rI5fE:]vi. (referred, referring)提到，涉及，有关：I don’t know what he refers to. 我不知他指的是什么。/ He referred his wealth to hard work. 他说他是勤劳致富。 refuse[rI5fju:z]v.拒绝：He refused her nothing. 她要什么他就给什么。/ She refused to tell her age. 她不愿说出她的年龄。 regard[rI5gB:d]vt.看待，当作：He regarded the situation as (being) serious. 他认为形势严重。/ Mother sends his regards to you. 母亲向你问好。 regret[rI5gret] n.[U]遗憾，抱歉 v.遗憾，后悔：I regret to tell you that he can’t come. 很抱歉他不能来。/ She never regretted doing this. 她从没后悔这样做过。 【用法】后接动名词表示对已发生之事后悔，后接不定式表示对未发生之事后悔。 regular[5regjJlE] adj.有规律的，规则的；经常的；不变的；正规的，职业的；整齐的：He leads a regular life. 他过着有规律的生活。/ It’s a regular verb. 它是规则动词。/ He made a regular visit to his parents. 他定期看望父母亲。 relation[rI5leIFEn] n.[C]家人，亲人 (常用复)关系，交往 [U](有时连用a)关系，联系：Your answer has no relation to the question. 你答非所问。 【用法】若表示客观的关联或关系，通常不可数；若表示人际关系、利害关系等，则通常用复数：the relation between cause and effect 因果关系 / He has [enjoys] friendly relations with his workmates. 他与同事关系友好。 relative[5relEtIv] adj.相对的，比较的；关于…的，有关…的n.[C]亲属，亲戚：Is he a relative [relation] of yours? 他是你的亲属吗? / East is a relative term; for example, Chicago is east of California but west of NewYork. 东是一个相对概念，比如，芝加哥在加利福尼亚的东面但是却在纽约的西面。 remain[rI5meIn] vi.留下，遗留；继续，保持，仍是：She remained in bed for three days. 她在床上躺了3天。/ There remained just thirty pounds. 只剩30英镑了。/ He remained listening. 他一直在听。/ We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。 remember[rI5membE] v.记得，想起：Remember to lock the door. 记得锁门。/ I remember seening [to have seen] him do it. 我记得曾看见他这样做。/ Please remember me to Mary. 请代我向玛丽问好。 【用法】后可接动名词也可接不定式，但意思不同，接动名词表记得做过某事；接不定式表记得要去做某事。 remind[rI5maInd] vt.提醒，使记起：I reminded her of her promise. 我提醒了她答应过的事。 【比较】remind sb to do sth 与 remind sb of doing sth：前者表示“提醒某人去做某事”，后者表示“提醒某人或使某人想起已经做过某事”：He reminded me to see the film. 他提醒我去看这部电影。/ He reminded me of my seeing the film. 他提醒我说，我曾看过这部电影。 remove[rI5mu:v] vt.拿走，移开，去掉；脱掉(衣服等)：We must do all we can to remove their doubts. 我们要竭尽全力来消除他们的疑虑。 repair[rI5pZE] vt.& n.[C,U]修理，修补：The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。/ These shoes need repairing. 这双鞋需要补一补。 【短语】in need of repair 需要修理 / under repair 在修理中 / in (good) repair 修好 / in bad repair 失修 / out of repair 失修 / during repairs 修理期间 / for repairs 为了修理 repeat[rI5pi:t] v.重复，重说，重做：Please repeat what you’ve just said. 请把你刚才说的话再说一遍。/ Repeat the text after me. 跟我读课文。 reply[rI5plaI] v.&n.回答，答复：Please reply to my question at once. 请马上回答我的问题。/ I asked him if I could help, but he made no reply. 我问他我是否能帮忙，他没有回答。 【短语】in reply to 作为对…的回答(答复) 【用法】其后虽然可接that引导的宾语从句，但不能接普通的名词或代词，遇此情况需用reply to。 report[rI5pR:t] v.& n.报告，汇报，报道：We must report to the teacher at once. 我们必须马上向老师报告。/ They reported seeing [having seen] UFOs. 他们报告说他们看见了飞碟。/ It’s reported that he was seriously injured. 据说他受了重伤。 republic[rI5pQblIk] n.[C]共和国：the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 request[rI5kwest] n.& vt.请求：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 参观人士请勿触摸展品。/ Such books are in great request. 那样的书非常需要。 require[rI5kwaIE] vt.需要，要求：They required her to keep silent. 他们要求她保持沉默。 【说明】1.其后可接动名词(主动表被动)或不定式(被动表被动)：These children require looking after [to be looked after]. 这些孩子需要照看。2.后接that从句通常用虚拟语气：He required that everyone (should) attend the meeting. 他要求人人参加会议。 research[rI5sE:tF] n.[U]调查，研究：He’s doing research(es) into the causes of cancer.=He’s doing research(es) on cancer. 他在研究癌症的病因。 【说明】虽不可数，但有时可用复数形式(注意不能受数词或many的修饰)。 respect[rIs5pekt] vt.尊敬，尊重n.[U]尊敬，尊重；关心，注意；(用复数)敬意，问候 [C]方面：If you don’t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重，又怎能受到别人的尊重呢? rest[rest] n.& v.休息；其余的：Let’s stop and take a rest. 我们停下来歇会儿吧。 restaurant[5restErEnt] n.[C]饭馆，饭店：a restaurant car 餐车 result[rI5zQlt] n.[C]结果，效果 vi.由…而造成；结果，导致：What was the result of the game? 比赛结果如何? / Love results in marriage, naturally. 恋爱终归于婚姻(有情人终成眷属)。/ His failure resulted from his carelessness. 他的失败是由他的粗心造成的。 【短语】as a result 结果，因此 / as a [the] result of 由于…的结果 return[rI5tE:n] v.回来；归还；回答 n.(用单数)归来，返回；归还；回报：He didn’t return me the money.=He didn’t return the money to me. 他没有还书给我。 【短语】in return for 作为…的报答或交换 review[rI5vju:] v.复习；重新调查，审查；回顾 n.[C,U]复习；复查，回顾；评论：We were reviewing our lessons last night. 昨天晚上我们在复习功课。 revolution[7revE5lu:FEn] n.[U,C]革命；旋转：One revolution of the earth around the sun takes a year. 地球绕太阳运行1周需1年时间。 rice[raIs] n.[U]水稻，米饭：Rice is an important food crop. 稻是重要的粮食作物。/ Most of the Asians live on rice. 大多数亚洲人以大米为主食。 rich[rItF] adj.富裕的，有钱的：Oranges are rich in vitamin C. 桔子含有丰富的维生素C。/ The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。 ride[raId]v.(rode, ridden)骑马，骑自行车，乘车旅行 n.(乘车船)旅行：He likes to ride (on) a camel. 他喜欢骑骆驼。 right[raIt] adj.右，右边的；正确的，对的n.右，右边；正确，对 adv.正好；正确：Small children do not know right from wrong. 小孩子不懂是非。/ I read right to the end of the book. 我一口气把这本书看完了。/ You answered right. 你答对了。/ He was right in selling [to sell] the farm. 他把农庄卖掉是对的。 ring[rIN] n.[C]环，戒指v. (rang, rung) (钟，铃等)响；打电话：Call in, or ring us up. It’s up to you. 你可以亲自来访，也可以打电话来，由你定。 ripe[raIp] adj.(成)熟的：Is it ripe enough for us to eat? 它熟到我们能吃吗? rise[raIz] v.(rose, risen)上升，升起；起床，起立：The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。/ He rises very early. 他起床很早。 river[5rIvE] n.[C]江，河：There is a bridge across [=over] the river. 河上有座桥。 【用法】1.用于专有名词时，英国英语通常将River加在名称之前；而美国英语则通常将River加在名称之后，但不管是英国英语还是美国英语，在含有River的专有名词前，一般用定冠词：the River Thames 泰晤士河 / the Mississippi River 密西西比河 2.说a city on the river，其意通常不是指“河上的城市”，而是指“河畔的城市”。 road[rEJd] n.[C]路，道路，街道：It takes three hours by train and four by road. 乘火车要3小时，乘汽车要4小时。/ the road to wealth 致富之路 【用法】其前可用介词in (英)或on (美)：I live in [on] Marston Road. 我住在马斯顿路。 rock[rRk] n.[C,U]大石头：The house is as solid as a rock. 这房子坚如磐石。 role[rEJl] n.[C]角色，作用，职责，任务：He will play [take] the leading role. 他将出演主角。/ The U.N. plays an important role in international relations. 联合国在国际关系中扮演重要角色。 roll[rEJl] v.打滚，滚动：Children like to roll on the grass. 小孩子喜欢在草地上打滚。/ He rolled over in bed. 他在床上翻了个身。 roof[ru:f] (pl. roofs)n.[C]屋顶，顶部：We share the same roof. 我们住在一起。 room[ru:m] n.[C]房间 [U]空间；余地：Move along and make room for me. 往前挪一下，让出点空位给我。/ There is much room for improvement. 大有改进的余地。 root[ru:t] n.[C]根，根茎；(比喻)根源：This is the root cause of poverty. 这是贫穷的根本原因。 rose[rEJz] n.[C]玫瑰：No rose without a thorn.=There’s no rose without a thorn.=Every rose has its thorn. 没有不带刺的玫瑰(没有十全十美的幸福等)。 rough[rQf] adj.粗糙的；粗野的，粗暴的；狂暴的，汹涌的；粗略的，大概的；倒霉的，难熬的；不舒服的：The cloth feels rough. 这布摸起来很粗糙。/ He has a rough tough. 他说话很粗野。/ A rough wind was blowing. 大风刮起来了。 round[raJnd]adj.圆的，球形的adv. 到处；转过来；循环地，围绕地prep. 环绕，围绕；绕过，转过；四处，在…的附近；大约n. [C] 一轮v.变圆，绕行：The earth goes round the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。/ The children stood round the teacher. 孩子们围着老师站着。/ Come round and see us this evening. 今晚请过来看我们。 row[rEJ] n.[C](一)排，(一)行；划船 v.划船：They rowed across the lake. 他们划船过湖。/ What about going for a row? 一起去划船好吗? rubber[5rQbE] n.[U]橡胶，合成橡胶 [C]橡皮擦：Tires are made of rubber. 轮胎是用橡胶做成的。 rubbish[5rQbIF] n.[U]垃圾，废物：Don’t talk rubbish. 别胡说八道。 rude[ru:d] adj.粗鲁的，无礼的：It’s rude to point your fingers at people. 用手指指人是很不礼貌的。 ruin[5ru:In] vt.(使)毁坏，(使)毁灭 n.[U]毁灭 [C](用复数)废墟，遗迹：The heavy rain ruined our holiday. 大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。 rule[ru:l] n.[C]规则，规定；习惯 v.统治：Students must obey [observe, follow, keep] the rules of the school. 学生必须遵守校规。 【短语】as a rule通常 / by rule 按规定，循规蹈矩 ruler[5ru:lE] n.[C]统治者；尺：He was a wise ruler. 他是位明智的统治者。 run[rQn] v.跑，奔跑；(车船等)行驶，(溪河等)流动，(机器等)运转，(钟表等)走动；(颜色)褪色；经营 n.奔，跑；短途旅行：Don’t drink running water. 别喝自来水。/ The well has run dry. 水井已干涸了。/ The engine runs well. 发动机运转良好。 【短语】in the long run 终究，到最后 / in the short run 在短期内，当前 / on the run 忙忙碌碌的(地)，匆匆忙忙的(地) / run away 逃走，逃脱 / run out of 用完 rush[rQF]v.冲，奔跑；匆忙；催促n. [C]繁忙，抢购，冲，奔：rush hour 交通高峰时刻，上下班交通最拥挤的时候 / She rushed into the room to tell us the news. 她冲进房间告诉我们这个消息。 Russia[5rQFE] n.俄国，俄罗斯：Tolstoy was one of Russia’s most famous writers. 托尔斯泰是俄国最著名作家之一。 Russian[5rQFEn] adj.俄国的 n.[U]俄语 [C]俄国人：Russian is a difficult language to master. 俄语是一种难掌握的语言。 |
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