In this section we are going to secure the spine, this includes gluing, using mull/jaconet, putting the headbands on and a bookmark if you desire, then sealing it with one piece of paper to help secure everything. 上一讲我们说到书脊的造型，现在我们要来固定它。这包括上胶、贴纱布、加饰带和书签几个步骤。 I recommend cutting out all your stuff before you begin then you don't have to rush while the glue is drying :) 我建议你事先把所有的材料都裁剪好，以免上胶的时候手忙脚乱：） You need a bit of mull about this big, enough to wrap around to where the ribbon/tape goes to. I cut two pieces of mull for this for extra strength and durability. 你需要一块尺寸如图所示的纱布，足够盖住稍后粘缎带的部分。为了足够让我的书足够结实耐久，我用了两层纱布。
Then you need some headbands! As I said before, black and red for this one. I went and bought some of this sweet ass red from my suppliers out in Sydney's Industrial area. Usually you only need 2 cuttings, one for head and one for the tail but you can double them up. Traditionally, the more flamboyant the headbands, the more important the book was, plus it draws attention. The headband should be just enough to wrap around the spine of the book snuggly. 准备好缎带了吗？我在前面说过，这本书是以红色和黑色为主的。我去买了些这种甜甜的粉红色缎带。一般来说只要剪两段，一边一段就行，不过也可以加倍。根据传统，缎带的颜色越鲜艳，这本书就越有地位，而且引人注意。缎带的长度要足够盖住书脊。
Ok time for the best bit! Spread the glue evenly over the whole spine, push the glue into the cracks with the bone folder and your fingers. 下面就可以上胶啦！把胶水均匀地涂抹在整个书脊上，用骨质刀和手指把缝隙里也涂满。
Once the glue became tacky I grabbed my first layer of mull and rubbed it in, then added another layer of glue ontop of that 胶水稍干之后我就放上第一层纱布，把它按进去，然后加上第二层。
Takings off the weight quickly, I folded the edges in and put the new layer of mull on followed by more glue. 移开重物，把多余的边折进去，在新放的纱布上再涂一些胶水。
Now glue the headbands on, with glue underneath and on top. If you want a bookmark, glue it down the spine about 2 inches between the mull and the headbands. 现在把缎带粘上去，两面都要涂胶。如果想要加一条书签，把它粘在缎带和纱布之间，留大约2英寸的长度。
Ok now finally while its all still wet, get your cartridge paper and cut out a strip then glue over the top (Yes make sure the grain is going the correct way). Feel free to make a mess, use random paper, or write messages on the spine, no one will ever see it, except maybe a book binder in 100 years time restoring the book, but I doubt that will ever happen. 现在，乘着胶水未干，拿出一张纸，剪下一条糊在书脊上（记得纹理的方向不要弄错哦）。这张纸弄脏了也没关系，废纸也可以，或者你可以随便写点什么在上面，没人会看见的，除了一百年以后的某个藏书迷，不过我猜这不会发生的。
The Cover 封面 First we need the manilla cardboard for the spine of the cover. Grain direction should be correct as always! The height will determine how big your cover is, so you want it to be at least the distance between your headbands. The width is up to you, often I find the width of one page is a good guide. 首先我们要用到档案袋的牛皮纸来做书脊部分的封面。还是要注意纸的纹理方向哦！这个高度将决定封面的大小，所以至少要和两条缎带之间的距离一样宽。具体的宽度由你自己决定，我个人通常就采用页面的宽度。
Fold the manilla at a point approximately in the middle then wrap it around the spine and find the placement of the second fold by eye. 将牛皮纸对折，以折线对齐包住书脊，通过目测找出另一边的折线。
Once satisfied with your manila spine, you have to cut the greyboard (thick card), I chose quite thick board for this book for durability, quality and protection.
调整好牛皮纸书脊后，就该裁剪硬卡纸了。我选用了很厚的纸板，就是为了保证书籍的坚固持久耐用。 GRAIN DIRECTION APPLIES! It is very important the grain is going the correct way. It's very easy to find the direction in board, use the feeling method, it's virtually impossible to bend board against the grain. 注意纸的纹路啊！纸张的纹理方向是否正确真的非常非常重要。对于卡纸来说，只要用手摸摸就很容易找出正确的方向，事实上如果卡纸的纹路方向错误的话，是根本没法弯折的。 The height of the boards should be that of the manilla, the breadth is optional depending on how much over hang you want. The page width minus a few millimetres is often a good guide. 硬卡纸的长度应与牛皮纸的高度相同。
Ok we need to stick the greyboard to the manilla. Come out from the fold about 5-10mm. I think I did 7 or 8. Mark it with a pencil or pen. Then, get your board ready and spread glue from your mark on the manila to the edges. Then place the board carefully, if you do this badly the cover won't be straight. 现在来把硬卡纸贴到牛皮纸上，留出5至10毫米的空档——我大概留了7或8毫米。用笔标记留出的部分。接着，准备好卡纸，在标有记号的范围内涂上胶水。然后仔细地贴上去，如果这一步做得不好，封面就会不平整。
This step is optional. If you do this the inside cover of your paper will be smooth, if you don't there is a chance there will be a line resulting from the edge of the manilla. With thicker papers its less important. Grab some sandpaper after the glue has dried, and wear down the edge on both sides. 这一步是可选的。如果你做了这一步，封面内侧会比较平整。如果不这么做，卡纸可能会在牛皮纸上留下一条印痕。如果牛皮纸比较厚的话则不那么明显。胶水干后准备一些砂纸，把封面的边缘稍稍打磨光滑。
The Cover Cont'd
I apologise because this is a more complex way of doing a cover, hopefully you can figure out how I do it with just one fabric/colour. I came up with the design of a red stripe about 1/3 the way up. Figured out all the maths and cut a piece of buckram the right size. 在此我很遗憾地通知大家，下面还有一个更复杂的步骤。我只用了一种颜色，希望大家能看明白啦。我在书腰大约三分之一的位置设计了一条装饰带（腰封）。发挥一下数学天分吧，裁一条大小合适的纸带来。 This photo is just a check, I was happy with the size of it. 照片为证，我觉得这个尺寸很不错。
The next step is to flip it over and align it properly (there are marks where it should be) 然后请把它的位置调整好，在需要的地方都标出记号。
I put my weight on the back cover 把重物压在封底上。
Lift up the left, and mark the segments for gluing and do the same for the other side. 合上左侧封面，标记出需要涂胶水的区域，然后另一面也是如此。
Because gluing is stressful and quick I didn't have time to snap all the pictures I wanted. Basically what you do is: With the left cover lifted, glue the buckram on the left and the middle then push the left cover down. Move the weight onto the left cover and lift up the right, gluing the buckram underneath. Flip the cover over and with your bonefolder go in and make sure the buckram is sinking right down into the spine and there is no air bubbles anywhere. Sometimes the edges aren't stuck down very well and a little more glue requires adding. 上胶水需要又快又准，所以我没时间拍下所有步骤的照片。基本步骤是这样： 打开左侧封面，把纸带粘在左面和中间的书脊上，然后合上左侧面。把重物移到左半边，打开右边封底，把纸带粘好。合上书翻过来，用骨质刀把纸带仔细抹平，检查一下它是否完全贴合书脊，有没有小气泡。有时候纸带边缘粘得不牢，可以再加一点胶水。
Tip of the day: Just use the width of the rule to chop off the excess and neaten the edges before you fold them over. 小窍门：在将纸带折进内侧前，用钢尺的边缘裁去多余的纸带，切边会很整齐。
Make sure it's stuck to the edge of the cover, give it a solid rubbing down with your bonefolder. When your happy, then push it down and rub the top down. 请注意确保纸带牢牢粘在封面的侧边上，用骨质刀用力将它贴合在侧面，完成这一步后，再将它贴在封面内侧并抚平。
Ok so I do the same for the black. 完成效果不错，再粘贴黑色的书皮纸。
Another tip, for the corners get your set square and line it up 5mm from the end and then just cut down the angle. You can then glue and fold. 另一个窍门：在书角处，用三角尺隔出5毫米左右，直接在书皮纸上切去这一块，然后再上胶折叠。 ALWAYS FOLD THE SIDES FIRST AND THE HEAD/TAIL FLAPS SECOND 一定要先把侧面粘牢再折进去！
Progress 效果图：
Note: When working with more than one fabric I usually overlap the fabrics by a couple of millimetres to stop dust and peeling.
Joining 组装 Joining the paperblock and cover is fairly easy but is often the most stressful and the first couple of times you do it there might be some ripples in your inside cover, this can be fixed by waiting for it to dry and then sticking the first page to the inside cover. 将书体和封面组装到一起挺容易的，不过会手忙脚乱。刚开始的几次，你可能会在封面内侧留下几道皱纹，这可以等到胶水风干后再贴一张纸来补救。 Note: I forgot to do a prior step so the photos are misleading. The step missed was trimming the mull and ribbon so it becomes a straight line, doing this is a good idea if you're after a neat book. I realised just before gluing and had to redo the position and gluing preparation.
First you need to get the paper block into the perfect position you want it glued from. It will look finished, don't get excited yet! 第一步，找一个方便操作的位置，把书放好。看上去就像大功告成了一样，但不要太早兴奋哦。 翻开封面，保持刚才的位置。找几张报纸垫在书的第一页下面。这一步比较重要，因为胶水要涂满整个第一页，如果不这样的话胶水会渗到书的其他部分去。
Practice shutting the cover as if there is glue on the page. Usually I have my right hand supporting the paper block making sure it is stable but I was taking the photo. 先试着打开再合上封面，当作它已经上了胶一样。当我一只手拍摄这张照片的时候，就用另一只手扶着封面保持稳定。
Ok the gluing, you need your wallpaper glue and your other bookbinding glue that you did the spine with. I don't have photos but these are the stages of where you lay glue. First, underneath the ribbon/tape put pva glue. 现在开始上胶。你需要的是墙纸用胶水和刚才粘书脊的胶水。我没有拍下有关的照片，以下步骤口述：第一步，将固定带的下面涂上胶水。
Then ontop and between the tape 第二部，将固定带另一面也涂上胶水。
Push the mull down into the glue, and the another layer on top of the jaconet
Do the same again if you have two layers of mull. At this stage the area covered by the mull should be glued with the binding glue, then you grab your wallpaper glue to cover the rest of the page. Don't clean your brush before dipping it in, the mix of glues is helpful, even drag excess glue from the left over onto the rest of the page. 纱布覆盖的区域请使用普通胶水，然后用墙纸用胶涂满剩下的部分。换胶水时无需清洗刷子，混合在一起的胶水粘性更强。
The final step is to push the edge of the cover down so there is glue on it, then basically close the book. Just close it, apply a bit of pressure by squeezing it with your hands. In my experience it is not helpful to rub things down, just let the glue do its job. Before the glue has set but not immediately after closing the cover, open the book to check for problems/air bubbles/creases/extras glue additions/glue overflows Thick papers tend to have less of these problems. Don't over do it with the glue, be confident in your glue's ability to do its job. 涂好胶水后，最后一步就是合上封面。只需要合上封面就好。用手掌压几下。根据我的经验，不用再用工具抹平它了，只要让胶水自然风干就可以。合上书以后不要就不管它了，再打开看看有没有什么瑕疵，比如气泡、起皱、胶水涂得太厚或者流到别的地方了。纸越厚，这些问题就相对较少。胶水不要涂太多，要相信胶水的粘合力！
Flip and do the other side
翻过来做另一面。 Finishing 完成 Press the book under a weight like books/bricks for as long as you can, a few days is good. Add touches where you please, I did a bookmark. 用厚书或砖块压住这本书，时间尽可能长，几天时间差不多。如果有心情的话，可以加一些点缀，我就做了一个书签。
I hope you learnt something from my tutorial, preferably how to make a book. The reason I make books is because I love it, the satisfaction is immeasurable after so much hard work has gone into it. Check out the extras to see how I do other stuff like embossing (which is in this book I just thought it'd make a nice mini-tutorial). 希望大家能从我的教程中学到一些东西，但愿你们现在就会制作书籍了哦。我之所以手工制书，是因为我爱书，这种复杂工作之后的成就感是无法估量的。
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