现在完成时与一般过去时的区别◇现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现 在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时 刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。 Who opened the door? (“谁开的门？”只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。) Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了？”强调门现在依然还开着。)
◇现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语，应用一般过去时。再有，过去发生的一个动作， 如现在情况已经发生的变化，也应用一般过去时。 ☆特别提醒：如果这些过去时间状语前有since，表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”，应用现在完 成时。 He finished reading the book the day before yesterday. I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now. My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.
◇现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成 时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如：Where have you been? (你去过哪里了？) ----The train has left. ----When did the train leave?
◇since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。 We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.
◇有些时间状语，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以与一般过去时连用，又可以与现在完成 时连用，但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时，表示与“现在”无关，时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时 连用，则表示包括“现在”在内。 I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。) I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。) He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。)
◇同步练习 动词填空： 1. I ___________(see) Tom last Friday. 2. ________you ________(go) to the Great Wall last summer? 3. ----Where ______ you ______(put) my pen? ----I _______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found. 4. When ______ you _______(start) to live in China? 5. ----The train ____________ (leave) already. ----When ________ the train _________(leave)? 6. It is five years since I ________(meet) you last. 7. Where _______ you ______(be) for the last two weeks? 8. I _________ (lose) my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.
单项选择： ( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere. ---- I _______ it right here. But now it’s gone! A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put ( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to this school. A. taught; came B. has taught; came C. taught; has come D. has taught; has come ( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______ 10 minutes ago. (山东) A. left B. has left C. has been left D. had left ( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ________ you.(重庆) A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen ( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa? （宁波） ---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday. A. have visited B. had visited C. visited D. visit ( ) 6. ---- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. (南京) ---- I ______ in Bejing. I’ve just come back. A. hadn’t seen; am B. haven’t seen; was C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen; shall be ( ) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer here? ---- There ______ very little rain. A. has B. has been C. are D. have been ( ) 8. When _____you _______ your dictionary? A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose D. does; lose ( ) 9. Where ______ you _______? Which answer is not right? A. are; going B. have; been C. did; go D. are; doing ( ) 10. There ______ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago. A. were B. have C. are D. have been
Keys: 动词填空： 1. saw 2. Did, go 3. have, put, put 4. did, start 5. has left, did, leave 6. met 7. have, been 8. have lost
单项选择： 1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD |
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