初中英语疑难例析300例 (179---195)179.这是形式主语it 还是there be 句型
例 Have ____ been any changes in your home town?
A.it B.you C.that D.there
此题应选D。容易误选A,误认为这里应填形式主语。其实考生只要想一想,假若选A,it 是形式主语,那么请问此句真正的主语是什么?(找不到!)正确的分析:此句为there be-句型,这里要特别注意的是:there be结构不仅可以有各种时态,而且还可以与情态动词以及happen,appear,seem 等动词连用。本题用的就是there be-句型的现在完成时态的一般疑问句形式。
以下各句用的是否是there be-句型,你看得出来吗?
1 .There is going to ____ an English film the day after tomorrow.
A.have B.be C.do D.see
2. ____ have been many such accidents here.
A.It B.There C.They D.We
3. ____ used to be a big tree in front of the old house.
A.It B.There C.They D.That
4.There must have ____ something wrong with the machine.
A.been B.gone C.had D.done
5. ____ happened to be a foreign teacher there.
A.It B.There C.They D.That
6.There seems to ____ a storm soon.
A.have B.be C.fall D.blow
答案:1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B
180.这是prevent…from 句型吗
例 We must prevent pollution ____ happily.
A.to live B.from living
C.living D.on living
此题应选A。容易误选B。主要是受prevent…from 的影响。关于prevent sb from doing sth(阻止某人做某事)这一句型,考生要注意:其中的sb 与其后的doing sth 通常有逻辑上的主谓关系:
The heavy rain prevented us from going.大雨使我们不能去。
(us 与going 有主谓关系)
Nothing will prevent me from marrying her.谁也阻止不了我娶她为妻。
(me 与marrying her 有主谓关系)
上面一题假若选B(from living),那么句中的pollution 应与其后的living happily 有逻辑上的主谓关系,这显然是荒唐的。上题选A,其中的to live happily 为目的状语,全句意为:为了生活愉快,我们必须阻止污染。
做以下试题(注意从语境考虑,避开固定句式的影响):
1.Use an umbrella to ____ you from the rain.
A.stop B.prevent
C.keep D.protect
2.The letter I looked forward to ____ yesterday.
A.come B.came
C.coming D.comes
3.He was in great need of money,so he ____ $800 for his car.
A.paid B.took
C.cost D.spent
答案:1.D 2.B 3.B
181.这个make 是使役动词吗
例 The cave was quite dark inside,so he made some candles ____light.
A.give B.to give C.giving D.given
此题应选B。容易误选A。误认为句中的made 是使役动词,其后的动词用原形。
其实本句中的made 不是使役动词,而是指“做”或“制作”等义,全句意为:洞里很黑,所以他做了些蜡烛来照明。
类似的例子有:
He made a large box to put his letters in.
他做了一个大盒子来装放信件。
They made larger buses to carry more passengers.
他们造更大的公共汽车以便能装更多的乘客。
比较make 用作使役动词的用法:
1.make +宾语 +动词原形:
He made me go there alone.
The boss made the worker work more than 10 hours a day.
但是在被动语态中,不定式要带to:
He was made to do so.他被迫这样做。
2.make +宾语 +过去分词
He could not make his voice heard.他讲话别人听不清。
When you speak English,be sure to make yourself understood.
说英语时一定要让人懂得你的意思。
3.注意:make 后一般不接带现在分词的复合结构:
正:His joke made us laugh.他的笑话使我们笑了。
误:His joke made us laughing.
182.这是宾语从句还是状语从句
例 I don't know if it ____ or not tomorrow.
A.rain B.rains C.will ran D.is raining
此题应选C。容易误选B。稍有点英语基础的人都知道英语中有这样一个习惯:当主句为一般将来时或含有将来含义时,其时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义。所以考生一见到此句,就不加思索地认为应选B。其实,句中if 引导的不是条件状语从句(if≠如果),而是宾语从句(if = 是否),句意为:我不知道明天是否会下雨。
做以下各题,注意分清是状语从句还是名词性从句:
1.I don't know if he ____ ,but if he ____ I will let you know.
A.comes,comes B.will come,will come
C.comes,will come D.will come,comes
2.The weather report says that it ____ tomorrow,but if it
____ ____ ,we will stay home.
A.rains,rains B.will rain,will rain
C.rains,will rain D.will rain,rains
3.—When ____ he come?
—I don't know,but When he ____ ,I'll tell you.
A.does,comes B.will,will come
C.does,will D.will,comes
答案:1.D 2.D 3.D 183.这个引导宾语从句的that 可省略吗
例 He says ____ he is attacked he will certainly counterattack.
A.if B.that C.if that D.that if
此题应选D。容易误选A。其实此题也可将词序改为:
He says that he will certainly counterattack if he's attacked.
他说他若受到攻击,他一定会反击。
按照语法规则:当主句与宾语从句之间插有其它成分时,引导宾语从句的that 通常不能省略。
如:她答应要是谁找到他的儿子,她会给他一大笔钱。
正:She promised(that)she would give him a lot of money if anyone found her son.
正:She promised that if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of money.
他说等他妻子回来,他就离开。
正:He said(that) he would leave when his wife came back.
正:He said that when his wife came back he would leave.
误:He said when his wife came back he would leave.
她在信上说她爱我。
正:She said(that)she loved me in the letter.
正:She said in the letter that she loved me.
误:She said in the letter she loved me.
例 —He speaks very good English.
—No,I don't think so.But he really speaks ____ and fast.
A.good B.well C.bad D.badly
此题应选A。容易误选B。误选的理由主要是:修饰动词speak 要用副词well,而不能用形容词good。其实此题选B(well)的错误不在于修饰问题,因为单独看He speaks well and fast.并没有什么不妥。但在本题这样的语境中,选B(well)与上文显然是自相矛盾。
此题正确答案为A(good),其理由是:good and 是一习惯用语,其义相当于very,completely 等,通常放在形容词或副词前,加强语气:
He was good and tired.他很累了。
It was good and cold in the room.房间里很冷。
The soup was good and hot.这汤很烫。
—The boy was bad.这孩子很坏。
—Yes!He was good and bad.是的,他确实很坏。
有时,也可以将以上用法中的good 换成nice,fine,big,lovely等:
The house stands nice and high.这房子很高。
The car is going nice and fast.这车跑得很快。
The grass is fine and tall.草长得很高。
It was a lovely and warm day.那是很暖和的一天。
The boss was always big and busy.老板总是很忙。
The book is fine and expensive.这本书很贵。
|
|