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初中英语疑难例析300例 (68---84)

 dym1969 2011-04-15

初中英语疑难例析300例 (68---84)

日积月累

68remember 等动词后接不定式或动名词含义不同

 

 

 

 

   She didn't remember ____ him before

 

 

 

 

Ahaving met       Bhave met

 

 

 

 

Cto meet          Dto having met

 

 

 

 

此题应选A。一般说来,在动词remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔)等之后,若接不定式,表示该不定式所表示的动作还未发生;若是接动名词(可用一般式或完成式,偶尔还可用不定式的完成式),则表示该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。如:

 

 

 

 

1Do you remember ____ me at a party last year

 

 

 

 

Ameet  Bto meet  Cmeeting  Dmet

 

 

 

 

2—The light in the office is still on

 

 

 

 

—OhI forgot____

 

 

 

 

Aturning it off         Bturn it Off

 

 

 

 

Cto turn it off         Dhaving turned it off

 

 

 

 

3—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting

 

 

 

 

—Wellnow I regret ____ that

 

 

 

 

Ato do              Bto be doing

 

 

 

 

Cto having done     Dhaving done

 

 

 

 

4—I regret ____ that I can't help you

 

 

 

 

—That's all right

 

 

 

 

Asay   Bto say    Csaying   Dsaid

 

 

 

 

在表示已发生的动作时,若句中含有具体的过去时间状语,则以用动名词的一般式为宜:

 

 

 

 

I regret telling you about it yesterday

 

 

 

 

我后悔昨天把此事告诉了你。

 

 

 

 

答案:1C 2C 3D 4B

 

 

 

 

 

69stop 等动词后接不定式或动名词含义不同

 

 

 

 

    He was very tired so he stopped ____ a rest

 

 

 

 

Ahave    Bto have   Chaving    Dto having

 

 

 

 

此题应选B。在动词 stop(停止),go on(继续)等之后,接不定式或动词的-ing 形式都可以,但含义有差别:stop 之后若接不定式,表示停止正在做的事情而去做另外一件事(即去做不定式表示的动作);若接动词的-ing 形式,则只表示停止正在做的事情(即停止-ing 动词所表示的动作);go on 之后若接不定式,表示的是做完一件事情后,接着做另外一件事(即做不定式所表示的动作);若接动词的-ing 形式,则表示继续做正在做的事(即继续做- ing 动词表示的动作)。如:

 

 

 

 

1He reached the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path

 

 

 

 

Ato have rested              Bresting

 

 

 

 

Cto rest                      Drest

 

 

 

 

2They stopped____but there was no more sound

 

 

 

 

Alisten                  Blistening

 

 

 

 

Cto listen                Dto have listened

 

 

 

 

3When he saw ushe stopped____got up and shook hands with us

 

 

 

 

Ato read     Breading     Cread      Dto be reading

 

 

 

 

4You can't go on ____ all night without a rest

 

 

 

 

Ato work           Bworking

 

 

 

 

Cwork             Dto have worked

 

 

 

 

5Goon ____ theother exercisesafteryou have finished this one

 

 

 

 

Ato do             Bdoing

 

 

 

 

Cwith              Dto be doing

 

 

 

 

答案:1C 2C 3B 4B 5A

 

 

 

 

 

 

70mean 等动词接不定式或动名词含义不同

 

 

 

 

  He meant ____ the early busand that meant ____up before five  o'clock

 

 

 

 

Ato catchto get      Bcatchinggetting

 

 

 

 

Cto catchgetting     Dcatchingto get

 

 

 

 

此题应选C。在动词meantrycan't help 等之后接不定式或动名词,动词本身含义有变化。试比较并体会:

 

 

 

 

amean + to do sth 打算做某事        mean + doing sth 意味着

 

 

 

 

btry + to do sth 设法做某事      try + doing sth 做某事试一试(看有什么效果)

 

 

 

 

ccan't help + to do sth 不能帮助做某事    can't help + doing sth 禁不住做某事

 

 

 

 

练习题

 

 

 

 

1OhsorryI didn't mean ____ your feelings

 

 

 

 

Ahurt    Bto hurt   Churting    Dto hurting

 

 

 

 

2This illness will mean ____ to hospital

 

 

 

 

Ago   Bto go    Cgoing    Dto going

 

 

 

 

3I couldn't help ____ when I heard the joke

 

 

 

 

Alaugh    Bto laugh   Claughing    Dlaughed

 

 

 

 

4Don't take the medicineIt can't help ____ rid of your cold

 

 

 

 

Aget    Bto get    Cgetting    Dgot

 

 

 

 

5—I usually go there by train

 

 

 

 

—Why not ____ by boat for a change

 

 

 

 

Ato try going       Btrying to go

 

 

 

 

Cto try and go      Dtry going

 

 

 

 

答案:1B 2C 3C 4B 5D

71need 等动词后接不定式或动名词均可,但语态不同

 

 

  The library needs____but it'll have to wait until Sunday

 

 

 

 

Acleaning         Bbe cleaned

 

 

 

 

Cclean            Dbeing cleaned

 

 

 

 

此题应选A。表示需要的动词needwantrequire 等,其后可接动名词(用主动式表示被动含义)或不定式(用被动式表示被动含义):

 

 

 

 

这位老头需要照顾。

 

 

 

 

aThe old man needs looking after

 

 

 

 

bThe old man needs to be looked after

 

 

 

 

你的头发需要理了。

 

 

 

 

aYour hair wants cutting

 

 

 

 

bYour hair wants to be cut

 

 

 

 

这房子需要刷漆了。

 

 

 

 

aThe house requires painting

 

 

 

 

bThe house requires to be painted

 

 

 

 

但是在其它情况下,则用主动式或被动式不能随便:

 

 

 

 

这部电影值得看两遍。

 

 

 

 

正:The film is worth seeing twice

 

 

 

 

误:The film is worth to be seen twice

 

 

 

 

误:The film is worth being seen twice

 

 

 

 

这本书很难理解。

 

 

 

 

正:The book is difficult to understand

 

 

 

 

误:The book is difficult to be understood

72.介词but 后的动词带不带to 主要看前面 没有do

 

 

     He did nothing but ____ a letter

 

 

 

 

Awrite              Bto write

 

 

 

 

Cwriting            Dto have written

 

 

 

 

此题应选A。一般说来,介词后接动词通常应是动名词。但是介词butexcept 也一样)却比较特殊,其后接动词时,可以接不定式,并且这个不定式可以带to 也可以不带to

 

 

 

 

1.当其前的谓语含有实义动词do(可以是各种形式)时,其后的不定式通常不带to

 

 

 

 

She will do anything but play chess.她除了下棋外什么都愿干。

 

 

 

 

He did nothing all day except watch TV.他一整天除了看电视什么也没做。

 

 

 

 

2.当其前的谓语没有某种形式的实义动词do 时,其后的不定式通常要带to

 

 

 

 

They had no choice but to obey.他们别无选择只有服从。

 

 

 

 

He wanted nothing but to stay here

 

 

 

 

他除了想呆在这里外,其它什么也不想。

 

 

 

 

3.当其前含有实义动词do 但不是用作谓语时,其后的不定式带不带to 均可,但以不带to 为多见:

 

 

 

 

There's nothing to do buttoleave.只好离开。

 

 

 

 

There was nothing to do buttowait.除了等没有其它的办法。

 

 

 

 

4.在cannothelpbut 后习惯上接不带to 的不定式:

 

 

 

 

I cannothelpbut admire his courage.我不得不佩服他的勇气。

 

 

 

 

73“have + 宾语+动词结构详解

 

 

 

 

     It was coldHe had the fire ____ all night

 

 

 

 

Aburn               Bto Burn

 

 

 

 

Cburning            Dto Burning

 

 

 

 

此题应选C。有关have 的以下几个结构须注意:

 

 

 

 

1have +宾语+动词原形,表示叫某人做某事,是使役动词;有时用于否定句,表示不能让

 

 

 

 

多与won't 连用:

 

 

 

 

I'll have her post the letter.我要叫她去寄信。

 

 

 

 

I won't have you tell me what to do.我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。

 

 

 

 

2have +宾语+现在分词。表示使某人或某物一直处于做某事的状态当中;有时用于否定句,

 

 

 

 

表示不允许,一般与won't can't 连用:

 

 

 

 

He had the light burning all night.他让灯亮了一整夜。

 

 

 

 

I won't have you smoking at your age.我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。

 

 

 

 

3have +宾语+过去分词。主要用法有:

 

 

 

 

1)表示请某人做某事(主语通常不参加):

 

 

 

 

We had the machine repaired.我们请人修了机器。

 

 

 

 

2)表示经历或遭遇(通常是违背主语意愿的):

 

 

 

 

I had my watch stolen.我的表被人偷去了。

 

 

 

 

3)表示完成或解决某事(主语也可能参加):

 

 

 

 

I've had all my mistakes corrected

 

 

 

 

我已把我所有的错误都改正过来了。

 

 

 

 

4)表示拒绝或不允许发生某事(多与won't 连用):

 

 

 

 

We won't have anything said against the Party

 

 

 

 

我们不允许有人这样攻击党。

74.你会用“make +宾语+过去分词

 

 

 

 

    My spoken English is poorI can't make myself ____

 

 

 

 

Aunderstand        Bto understant

 

 

 

 

Cunderstanding      Dunderstood

 

 

 

 

此题应选D。容易误选A,认为句中的make 是使役动词,其后的宾语补足语用动词原形。但是从句意上看myself 与动词understand 具有被动关系(动宾关系),所以用过去分词。如:

 

 

 

 

He shouted aloud so that he could make his voice heard

 

 

 

 

他大声喊,以便让别人听到他的声音。

 

 

 

 

You must make yourself respected.你必须要让别人尊重你。

 

 

 

 

We should make our views known.我们应该要使我们的观点让别人知道。

 

 

 

 

比较以下“make +宾语+动词原形的用法:

 

 

 

 

What made you think so?是什么使你这样想的呢?

 

 

 

 

He made us stay to tea.他留我们吃茶点。

 

 

 

 

You may take a horse to the waterbut you can't make him drink

 

 

 

 

你可以把马牵到水边,但你不能让它喝水(捆绑不成夫妻)。但是,不要将以上使役用法与以下各句(make 表示制造)相混淆:

 

 

 

 

He made some candles to give light.他做了些蜡烛来照明。

 

 

 

 

He made a large box to put his books in.他做了个大箱子来装书。

 

 

 

 

75.注意这类动词+宾语+doing”结构

 

 

 

 

  The salesman scolded the girl caught ____ and let her off

 

 

 

 

Ato have stolen         Bto be stealing

 

 

 

 

Cto steal               Dstealing

 

 

 

 

此题应选D。句中的 caught stealing 是过去分词短语用作定语,修饰其前的名词 the girl,可看作是定语从句 who was caught stealing的省略形式(注意这是一个被动语态句子),其中使用的动词结构是

 

 

 

 

catch sb doing sth(抓住某人或碰上某人在做某事)。又如:

 

 

 

 

He caught me smoking a cigarette.他抓住我抽烟。

 

 

 

 

The farmer caught the boy stealing his apples

 

 

 

 

农夫抓住这个男孩偷他的苹果。

 

 

 

 

类似以下结构也须注意:

 

 

 

 

1find sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事:

 

 

 

 

We found the girl crying under the tree

 

 

 

 

我们发现这个女孩在树下哭。

 

 

 

 

2see/hear/watch/observe sb doing sth

 

 

 

 

看见/听见/观看/观察某人在做某事:

 

 

 

 

He heard the girl singing in the next room

 

 

 

 

他听见这个姑娘在隔壁房间唱歌。

 

 

 

 

试比较:

 

 

 

 

I saw her enter the shop.我看见她进了商店(指全过程)。

 

 

 

 

I saw her entering the shop

 

 

 

 

我看见她在进商店(指动作在进行)。

76.在非谓语动词的否定式中否定词置于何处

 

 

 

 

     The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation

 

 

 

 

Ato eat not          Beating not

 

 

 

 

Cnot to eat          Dnot eating

 

 

 

 

此题应选C。主要考察在非谓语动词的否定式中,否定词的位置。一般说来,非谓语动词的否定式只能在非谓词动词之前加否定词;若非谓语动词包括几个词(如是完成式、被动式等),则只能在非谓语动词的第一个词前加否定词;so as toin order to 等结构的否定式,not只能放在不定式符号to 之前。 如:

 

 

 

 

1She pretended ____ me when I passed by

 

 

 

 

Anot to see       Bnot seeing

 

 

 

 

Cto not see       Dhaving not seen

 

 

 

 

2Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job

 

 

 

 

Aso not as to       Bso as not to

 

 

 

 

Cso as to not       Dnot so as to

 

 

 

 

3Mrs Smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking

 

 

 

 

Anever to drive          Bto never drive

 

 

 

 

Cnever driving          Dnever drive

 

 

 

 

4 ____ a replyhe decided to write again

 

 

 

 

ANot receiving            BReceiving not

 

 

 

 

CNot having received      DHaving not received

 

 

 

 

答案:1A 2B 3A 4C

 

 

 

 

77.此题是考察非谓语动词吗

 

 

 

 

      ____ many timesbut the boys still couldn't under- stand it

 

 

 

 

AHaving told         BThough he had been told

 

 

 

 

CHe was told        DHaving been told

 

 

 

 

此题应选C。容易误选AD,考生从四个选项中初看一眼便断定此题是考察非谓语动词,这刚好落入了命题者设置的陷阱。做好此题的关键点在于注意到句中的并列连词but,因为它的存在就表明这是一个并列句,所以前面应是一个完整的句子而不能是一个非谓语动词。

 

 

 

 

1 ____ ask the teacher if you have any questions

 

 

 

 

ADoing     BDo     CTo Do      DDone

 

 

 

 

2 ____ hard and you'll pass the college entrance examinations

 

 

 

 

AStudy    BStudying    CTo study    DStudied

 

 

 

 

3 ____ down the radio——the baby's asleep in the next room

 

 

 

 

ATurning   BTurn    CTurned    DTo turn

 

 

 

 

4On Saturday afternoonMrs Green went to the market

 

 

 

 

________ some fruit and visited  her cousin

 

 

 

 

Abought    Bbuying    Cto Buy     Dbuy

 

 

 

 

5She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later

 

 

 

 

Aarriving             Bto arrive

 

 

 

 

Chaving arrived       Dand arrived

 

 

 

 

答案:1B 2A 3B 4A 5D

 

 

 

 

 

78succeed 后可接不定式或动名词吗

    He succeeded ____ the job

 

 

 

 

Ato get    Bgetting   Cin getting    Dof getting

 

 

 

 

此题应选C。表示做某事成功,succeed 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,而应接indoing)。如:

 

 

 

 

We succeeded in performing the task.我们成功地完成了任务。

 

 

 

 

I didn't succeed in my first lecture.我第一次演讲没有成功。

 

 

 

 

He succeeded in winningthe first prize

 

 

 

 

他成功地获得了一等奖。

 

 

 

 

类似地,以下动词在通常情况下,其后既不接不定式也不接动名词。若意义上要接动词,要用介词+ 动名词

 

 

 

 

insist on 坚持 persist in 坚持,继续 dream of 梦想 concentrate on 专心于

 

 

 

 

他坚持要同我们一起去。

 

 

 

 

正:He insisted on going with us

 

 

 

 

误:He insisted going with us

 

 

 

 

误:He insisted to go with us

 

 

 

 

他梦想与科学家。

 

 

 

 

正:He dreamed of becoming a scientist

 

 

 

 

误:He dreamed becoming a scientist

 

 

 

 

误:He dreamed to become a scientist

 

 

 

 

他聚精会神地研究计划。

 

 

 

 

正:He concentrated on studying the plan

 

 

 

 

误:He concentrated studying the plan

 

 

 

 

误:He concentrated to study the plan

 

 

 

 

79.你知道什么叫悬垂分词吗

 

 

 

 

     ____ the roada car knocked him down

 

 

 

 

ACrossing                 BCrossed

 

 

 

 

CWhen he was crossing      DTo cross

 

 

 

 

此题应选C。其余均可能被误选。分析如下:选项B 不对,因为它是过去分词,其后不应有宾语。选项AD 不对,因为该非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致——构成悬垂分词。一般说来,作状语用的非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致,否则便是错句。比较:

 

 

 

 

为了通过考试,(他)每分钟都用来学习。

 

 

 

 

误:To pass the examevery minute was spent in studying

 

 

 

 

正:To pass the examhe spent every minute in studying

 

 

 

 

信读了第二次之后,意思就更清楚了。

 

 

 

 

误:Reading the letter a second timethe meaning became  clearer

 

 

 

 

正:Being read a second timethe letter became clearer in  meaning

 

 

 

 

狗叫得厉害,所以我把它放了出去。

 

 

 

 

误:Barking madlyI led the dog out

 

 

 

 

正:Barking madlythe dog was let out

 

 

 

 

但是,在有些特殊的结构(只有少数固定结构)中,非谓语动词可以没有逻辑主语:

 

 

 

 

Judging from[by]what he saidhe was a cheat

 

 

 

 

从他说的话来看,他就是个骗子。

80.可说Yesofcourseyou could

 

 

 

 

   —Could I use your dictionary

 

 

 

 

—Yesof course you ____

 

 

 

 

Acan    Bcould     Cmight     Dmust

 

 

 

 

此题应选A。不要受问句could 的影响而选B。用情态动词(cancouldmaymight)表示许可,注意以下几点:

 

 

 

 

1.表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事),可用can=may),也可用could=might)。注意:若用could=might),并不表过去,而表现在,只是语气较委婉。

 

 

 

 

2.表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事),一般只用can=may),而不能用couldmight

 

 

 

 

ACan[CouldMayMight]I use your phone

 

 

 

 

我可以用一下你的电话吗?

 

 

 

 

BYesof course you can[may].(正)

 

 

 

 

BYesof course you could[might].(误)

 

 

 

 

3.但是在间接引语中的过去式动词后,可用couldmight

 

 

 

 

(此时为过去式)来表示给予的允许:

 

 

 

 

He said that I might[could]borrow his car

 

 

 

 

他说我可以借他的车。

 

 

 

 

4.在过去时态中,could 可用来表示一般性的允许,但不能表示特定的允许:

 

 

 

 

When I was at homeI could watch TV whenever I wanted to

 

 

 

 

我在家时,想哪时看电视就哪时看。

 

 

 

 

I was allowed to go there yesterday

 

 

 

 

昨天允许我去了那儿。(特定允许——不能用could

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

81.你知道was able to could 的区别吗

 

 

 

     The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone ____get out

 

 

 

Ahad to    Bwould    Ccould     Dwas able to

 

 

 

此题应选 D。容易误选 Ccould)。这里主要涉及 could was able to 的用法和区别:

 

 

 

1.表示过去一般性能力时(即某人想干什么就能干什么的能力),两者都可用:

 

 

 

He could[was able to]run very fast when he was a boy

 

 

 

他小时候跑得很快。

 

 

 

2.表示过去特定的能力(即某人在某一具体场合做某事的能力,往往暗示经过努力才具备的能力),通常用 waswereable to,也可用managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth,但是不能用could

 

 

 

他学习很努力,所以考试及了格。

 

 

 

正:He worked very hard and was able to[managed to]pass his examination

 

 

 

误:He worked very hard and could pass his his examination.正因为此原因,所以上面一题的答案用 was able to get out 而不用 could get out,因为此题谈及的是一种特定场合的具体能力。但值得注意的是,以上用法只适合于肯定句,若在否定句中,则可用 couldn't 代替 wasn't[weren't]able to

 

 

 

He worked hard but wasn't able to[couldn't]pass the exam

他学习很努力,但考试却未能及格。

 

 

 

82.表推测的can/could 有何区别

 

 

 

    —Do you believe what he says

 

 

 

—Yesit ____ be true

 

 

 

Acan    Bcould    Cneed    Dhas to

 

 

 

此题应选B。该题容易误选A。下面谈谈cancould 表示推测的有关用法:

 

 

 

1.表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上分析是可能的,但实际未必会发生),可用can(表现在)或could(表过去):

 

 

 

He is in poor healthHe can be ill at any time

 

 

 

他身体不好,随时都可能会生病。

 

 

 

Even experts can make mistakes.即使是专家也可能会出差错。

 

 

 

My mother could be very unpleasant at times

 

 

 

我母亲有时候会让人非常不愉快。

 

 

 

2.表示现实可能性,这包含两个方面的含义:一是指将来可能性,一是指现在的可能性,在这两种用法中,通常都不用can,但可用 could(可以指现在,相当于 may/might):

 

 

 

今年夏天我们可能要去日本。(将来可能性)

 

 

 

正:We could[maymight]go to Japan this summer

 

 

 

误:We can go to Japan this summer

 

 

 

你可能是对的,但我不认为你对。(现在可能性)

 

 

 

正:You could[maymight]be rightbut I don't think you are

 

 

 

误:You can be rightbut I don't think you are

 

 

 

有时也用can 来表示现在的可能性,但那通常只限于否定句或疑问

 

 

 

句中:It can't be true.那不可能是真的。

 

 

 

What can he possibly want?他可能会想要什么呢?

 

 

83.你会用“cancould +have +过去分词

 

 

 

    I can't find him anywherehe ____ home

 

 

 

Acan go         Bcan have gone

 

 

 

Ccould go       Dcould have gone

 

 

 

此题应选D。首先,can 一般不用于肯定的推测用法中,从而排除AB;另一方面,从句意上看,这应该是对过去发生动作的推测,所以只能用D

 

 

 

can[could] +have +pp 的用法要注意:

 

 

 

1can +have +pp 主要用于否定句或疑问句:

 

 

 

He can't have said so.他不可能这样说过。

 

 

 

Where can he have gone?他会上哪儿去了呢?

 

 

 

2could +have +pp 主要用于:

 

 

 

1)表示对过去的推测,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,其意为可能

 

 

 

(已经)

 

 

 

He could have forgotten that.他可能把那事忘了。

 

 

 

Where could he have gone on such a night

 

 

 

在那样一个晚上他会到什么地方去了呢?

 

 

 

2)表示过去没有实现的可能性(即某事本来可以发生,但却没有发生),意为本来可以

 

 

 

You could have given her some help.你本来可以给她些帮助的。

 

 

 

3)用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做,意为本来应该

 

 

 

You could have come here a little earlier.你本来应该来早点的。

 

 

 

4)表示差点儿就要

 

 

 

I could have died laughing.我差点儿笑死了。

 

 

 

 

84.你会用“maymight +have +过去分词

 

 

 

     You are late againYou ____ earlier

 

 

 

Amay come           Bmay have come

 

 

 

Cmight come          Dmight have come

 

 

 

此题应选D。首先,从句意上看,此句谈论的应该是过去的事,所以只能用情态动词 +动词完成式这样的结构,从而排除AC;另一方面,may +have +pp 通常只表示推测而不表示责备,而 might +have  +pp则既可以表推测也可以表责备,而此句的语境刚好是一种责备的语气(你又迟到了,你本来可以来早的),所以只能选D

 

 

 

1.对现在或将来的推测用“may +动词原形;对过去的推测则用

 

 

 

“may +have +pp”(主要用于肯定或否定句):

 

 

 

It may rain tomorrow.明天可能下雨。

 

 

 

He may have said so.他也许这样说过。

 

 

 

They may not have known it before.他们以前可能不知道此事。

 

 

 

2.若是推测正在进行的动作也可用 may +be +doing

 

 

 

He may be waiting for us.他也许在等我们。

 

 

 

表示推测的may 一般都可以用might 代之(以上各例中表推测的may均可换为might,只是语气不那么肯定。但是以下两种情况通常要用might,而不用may

 

 

 

1.表示说话者对没有做某事进行责备:

 

 

 

You might have helped her.你本来可以帮她的!

 

 

 

2.用于疑问句:

 

 

 

Might this be true?这可能是真的吗?

 

 

 

Might he have been waiting long?他可能已等了很久吗?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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