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"孰能生巧"：10000小时定律适用于任何领域 By DAILY MAIL REPORTER Daily Mail Reporter We have all heard the saying that practice makes perfect. 我们都听过这个说法：孰能生巧。 Now a top sociologist has added weight to this age old adage by claiming that you must spend 10,000 hours honing your skills if you want to be a success at anything. 如今，一项来自顶级社会学家的最新科研结果为这句千年古话加上了新的注解：不论你想在任何一个领域成功，你都必须至少付出10000个小时的磨练。 Academic Macolm Gladwell, whose books have become required reading within the Conservative Party, says you need to put in this time over a decade to get to the top of your chosen field. 畅销书作家Macolm Gladwell的最新著作最近在保守党内广为传阅，他在书中表明，在你选择的领域中若想达到顶级的成就，也许得付出超过十年的时间。 And he backs up his theory by citing sports stars such as Boris Becker, Jonny Wilkinson, Tiger Woods and the Venus sisters, who have all become world-beaters because of the obsessive devotion they have shown to their game since childhood. Macolm Gladwell还在他的著作中援引了许多顶级运动员的例子如鲍里斯贝克尔 (前世界排名第一职业网球选手），强尼威尔金森 （英格兰橄榄球联盟顶级球员），老虎伍兹（世界顶级高尔夫球手）和威廉姆斯姐妹俩（世界顶级网球选手姐妹花），因为他们无一例外都从幼时开始练习，为这些项目投入了大量的时间和努力。 Dedication is what you need: England rugby hero Jonny Wilkinson's world class skills came through years of practicin 
图片：勤奋是王道：英格兰橄榄球英雄强尼威尔金森世界顶级的技巧来自他多年不懈的努力。 In his new book Outliers: The Story of Success, Mr Gladwell says that if you examine the greatest athletes, entrepreneurs, musicians and scientists you will notice they only emerged after spending at least three hours a day for ten years practicing. Macolm Gladwell在他的新书《异类：成功人士的故事》中说道，无论是最优秀的运动员，企业家，音乐家还是科学家，经调查，你都会发现他们至少都在付出了长达十年，每天不低于三小时的努力之后才崭露头角的。 'What’s really interesting about this 10,000-hour rule is that it applies virtually everywhere,” Mr Gladwell told a conference held by The New Yorker magazine. “10000个小时定律有趣的地方在于它几乎在任何领域都适用，” Gladwell在《纽约客》杂志举办的一次会议上这样说道。 'You can’t become a chess grand master unless you spend 10,000 hours on practice. “若你没有投入超过10000小时的练习，是无法成为象棋大师的”。 'The tennis prodigy who starts playing at six is playing in Wimbledon at 16 or 17 [like] Boris Becker. The classical musician who starts playing the violin at four is debuting at Carnegie Hall at 15 or so,' he added. “16、7岁时在温布尔登展露头角的网球神童鲍里斯贝克尔其实从6岁就开始网球练习。15岁在卡耐基音乐厅初次登台的古典音乐家其实在4岁就开始练小提琴。”他补充道。
Tennis champions: Serena and her sister Venus 图片：网坛姐妹花大小威廉姆斯 However, ability, according to Mr Gladwell, is just one factor in success. Work ethic, luck, a strong support base and even being born in the right year play a role. 然而，据Gladwell认为，能力，只是成功的一个因素。敬业度，运气，毅力甚至出生时间都会影响到成功。 Just as the Beatles rose to fame with the explosion of pop culture in the 1960s, so Bill Gates’s fascination with the ASR-33 Teletype that he used at school in 1968 placed a shy boy on track to become one of the world’s richest men. 正如甲壳虫乐队在60年代流行文化爆发之际出名一样，比尔盖茨在1968年上学时接触到的ASR-33型电报机也让这个曾经害羞的小男孩变成了日后的世界首富。 “No one – not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires and not even geniuses – ever makes it alone,” writes Mr Gladwell in his book. “没有任何人--无论是摇滚明星，职业运动员，软件亿万富翁，甚至是天才--能逃离这个规律，”Gladwell在书中写道。
Golfing great: Trophy winning sports star Tiger Woods 图片：高尔夫常胜将军老虎伍兹 Mr Gladwell became one of the world’s most influential sociologists with the publication of The Tipping Point in 2000, which described how small actions could trigger social epidemics.随着2000年的著作《引爆点》的出版，Gladwell成为当今世界最有影响力的社会学家。该书描述的是微不足道的行为如何引发社会变动的。 His new book argues that there is no such thing as a “self-made man”. 他的新书认为根本没有所谓的“与生俱来”的成功者。 Instead, the years spent intensively focused on their area of expertise place the world’s most successful people above their peers. 相反的，是多年在同一专业领域不懈的努力造就了这些比同辈更成功的人。 Much of Britain’s Olympic success, he argues, is down to a combination of natural ability and sheer dedication. 他认为英国在奥林匹克上取得的成绩，归根结底是由于天赋的能力加上长期不懈的勤奋。 Victoria Pendleton’s emphatic gold in the women’s sprint cycling in Beijing came only after humiliating defeat in Athens four years ago. 英国短距离自行车手维多利亚·彭德尔顿08年在北京奥运光荣摘金，但她4年前却在雅典奥运遭遇到了惨败。 After training for four hours a day, six days a week the 27-year-old finally reaped the rewards.她在27岁的时候终于折桂，而她的荣誉是经过了每天4小时，每周6天的训练得来的。 Rebecca Adlington, the 19-year-old swimmer who won two gold medals at the Beijing Games, has put in an estimated 8,840 hours of training since the age of 12. 丽贝卡·阿丁顿，这位在北京奥运会上赢得了两块金牌的游泳冠军自从12岁起就开始训练，估计训练的时间不少于8840个小时。 Bill Furniss, her coach, said: “When I first saw her, what stood out was the fact that she was so willing to take the pain and make sacrifices.” 她的教练比尔·福尼斯说道，“当我第一次见到她的时候，她身上那种愿意吃苦，愿意牺牲的精神使得她出类拔萃。” Such dedication is also apparent in musicians. Maxim Vengerov, 34, is one of the world’s greatest violinists. 这样的勤奋在音乐家身上也表现得淋漓尽致，比如34岁的世界顶级小提琴家马克西姆·文格罗夫。 He was born in the Siberian city of Novosibirsk and, after being given a miniature fiddle at the age of four, displayed outstanding aptitude. 他出生在西伯利亚，在4岁的时候接触到第一把小提琴，从此就展现出了过人的天赋。 His talent was matched by an immense work ethic. He practised seven hours a day, giving his first recital at the age of five and winning his first international prize at 15. 然而他的天赋和敬业度是成正比的。他每天练习7小时，5岁就举办了独奏会，15岁就获得了国际大奖。 Mr Vengerov said: 'My mother would get home at 8pm, cook dinner and then teach me the violin until four in the morning. As a four-year-old boy it was torture. But I became a violinist within two years.”' 文格罗夫说，“我的母亲每天晚上8点回到家，吃完晚饭之后就教我小提琴直到凌晨4点。对于一个4岁的小孩来说，这简直就是酷刑，但两年后我变成了小提琴手。” Frank Furedi, professor of sociology at the University of Kent, said those who put in many hours of practice effectively make their own luck: 肯特大学的社会学教授弗兰克·弗雷迪认为有效投入很多时间去练习的人自然会拥有自己的运气： 'They work relentlessly hard, which means when their luck comes they are ready for it,' he added. “他们近乎苛求地努力，当运气来的时候，他们早就准备好了。” |
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