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形容词性分句（关系分句或定语从句）
Thanks to Mr. Panqiming
- 形容词分句通常由 who, which, whose, that等关系代词和 when, where, why, how等关系副词引导。关系代词起代词作用。关系副词起副词作用。
- 有时为了句子的平衡，句子的某些成分会插入到先行词和短关系分句之间。
- 关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数与先行词一致；先行词为一个句子，则动词用单数第三人称。
Those who are going, come here.
The exams were put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
- 关系代词（或介词+关系代词）在从句中作定语，被修饰词常要提前。whose = of which
1. There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
.2 There is a room, whose window faces the river.
3. He lives in the room whose window faces to the south.
4. He lives m the room, the window of which faces to the south.
5. This is Mr John for whose son I brought a book yesterday.
6. This is Mr John for the son of whom I bought a book yesterday.
- 关系词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语，用关系代词。
而如果关系词在从句中做状语，则用关系副词，或者介词+关系代词。
1. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, which is the best season there. (在从句中作主语)
2. I'll never forget the last day which we spent together. (在从句中作宾语)
3. I still remember the night when (at which) I first came to the house.
4. I'll never forget the day when (on which) we met each other last week.
5. I will never forget the days (that /which/ x/) I spent with your family.
6. This is the school where (at which)I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place which we visited last week? (在从句中作宾语)
8. Do you still remember the place where we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, which is famous for the West Lake? (在从句中作主语)
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, where lies the West Lake? (倒装句)
11. Tom will go to Shanghai, where live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
13. There was a time when there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time that you have made the same mistake. (主语从句，或叫强调句，It 是先行词)
15. It was in the street where I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago when the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment when I saw you, I recognized you.
18. This is the very novel about which we've talked so much. （介词后不能用关系副词）
19. This is the way how he did it.
20. Who is the student who was late for school today?
21. Who that knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. What else was there in my brother that your didn't like?
23. This is the hour when the place is always full of women and children.
24. And there is one point about which I'd like your advice.
25 . Winter is the time of year when (in which) the days are short and nights are long.
26. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_____ you may spend your weekend.
- 限制性关系分句前无逗号，翻译时要译作前置定语；非限制性关系分句仅起补充作用，和主句间有逗号相隔，常翻译成并列分句。
Those who want to go, please sign their names hers.
This not was left by John, who was here a moment ago.
a. 当名词中心词中有表示类别的不定冠词 a，或有all, any, some, every, no 等不定限定词，以及有前后照应的定冠词 the 时，其后的关系分句多为限定关系分句。
b. 非限制性关系分句多用 who, whom, whose, which, where, when 等词引导，很少用 that。有时，非限制性关系分句在语义上起状语从句的作用，表示原因，目的，结果，条件，让步等意义。
- 下述情况中，宜用that 而不宜用 which。
a. 先行词为 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one 等不定代词。
b. 先行词为形容词最高级或被 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of 等修饰。
c. 先行词为数词或被序数词（包括 last）修饰。
d. 先行词中既有人又有物。
e. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语。
- 下述情况中，不宜用 that。
a. 关系代词前有介词。
b. 非限制性定语从句中。
c. 先行词本身是 that。
- 关系代词 as 的用法：
a. as 单用，引导非限制性关系分句，说明整个主句，可位于主句的前、后或中间，但要用逗号隔开。
b. such … as, the same … as, as much … as, as many … as 则用于限制性关系分句中。
- 限定性关系分句的关系词，在下述情况可以省略：
a. 关系代词在限制性关系分句中作宾语。
b. 在分句中作补语的关系代词 that。
c. 关系代词在分句中作主语，而且主句是 it is, that is, there is 的结构。
d. the time (when), the place (where), the reason (why), the way (in which) 中的 when, where, why, in which。
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