It looks to modern eyes like a prop from the set of the latest Harry Potter film.它看起来像一个道具现代眼光从最新的哈利波特电影布景。 It is quite easy to imagine Albus Dumbledore fussing around the crystal ball at the center of the contraption.这是很容易想象艾伯斯围绕在精巧中心水晶球大惊小怪。 However, its roots are very much of this world – albeit the Victorian one.但是,它的根是非常这个世界 - 虽然维多利亚之一。
Campbell's idea was straightforward but brilliant.坎贝尔的想法是简单,但辉煌。 A glass sphere would be placed in to a wooden bowl.一个玻璃球会被放在一个木碗。 The sun would burn a trace on the bowl as it the earth circled it - the above is a picture of the original now housed at the Science Museum in London.太阳会灼伤痕迹上的碗,因为它在地球上空盘旋了 - 上面是一个原始图片现住在伦敦科学博物馆内。 It worked and would measure the amount of sunshine in a single day with some accuracy.它的工作措施,并会在与一些准确性一天的日照量。 The downside, obviously, was the number of bowls which would have to be used to collect a significant amount of data – a year's worth for example.缺点很明显,是数碗,将有被用来收集大量的数据 - 一年例如价值。
You have probably figured out how it works.你可能已经找到了它的工作原理。 The hours of bright sunshine are recorded by the rays of the sun passing through the sphere, which undergo focus and burn a hole through the card placed behind it.日照记录的时间,通过球体,并且经过了重点和烧透卡背后放置一个洞,通过太阳的光芒。 The card itself is calibrated so that the hours and minutes of the day are measured across it.该卡本身校准,使时间和天分钟穿过它衡量。 At dawn and dusk, however, the sun will usually leave a scorch mark rather than a burn and so the readings at those times of day are somewhat difficult to read at times.在黎明和黄昏,然而,太阳通常会留下烧焦的标志,而不是燃烧,所以在一天的时间读数有些难以阅读倍。
If the sun shone all day there will be an unbroken line across the recording pane.如果太阳照耀着所有每天将有一整个完整的记录窗格线。 If there are sunny phases followed by cloudy then there would be a series of tiny dots and short lines showing when the sun was shining and nothing when the sun was hidden.其次,如果有晴天多云分阶段然后会有一个小点,并显示在阳光明媚,没有太阳时隐短线系列。 The person recording the length of sunshine in a single day would simply add up the length of the burn marks to measure the sunshine.记录的人在一天的日照长度会简单地加起来的烧伤痕迹日照长度来衡量。
The Campbell–Stokes Recorder comes in a variety of sizes, some quite large, but is typically around 4 inches in diameter.坎贝尔斯托克斯记录进来的各种尺寸,一些相当大,但大约是4英寸直径一般。 As the sun moves throughout the season the sphere stays where it is.作为整个赛季太阳的移动球停留在哪里。 Instead, the placement of the cards is changed – there are three overlapping sets of grooves to allow this adjustment.相反,卡位置是改变了 - 有三个重叠设置的沟槽,使此调整。
Noon is placed at the center of each card and it is usually read in tenths.中午是放置在每张卡的中心,通常是在十分之阅读。 The whole set of equipment must face south so that the maximum amount of sunlight may be recorded (north in the southern hemisphere).该成套设备必须朝南,使阳光最高金额可能会被记录(北南半球)。 It must be out of the range of shadow from buildings or foliage as, self evidently, a shadow falling across the sphere would negate the results.它必须是出于从建筑物或树叶的阴影范围内,自显然,一个影子在球会否定的结果下降。
A further modification has been in place since the exploration of the Polar Regions began.另一项修改已实施以来,极地地区的勘探开始。 Here, instead of one sphere there are two.在这里,而不是一个领域,都有两个。 A second, facing north, takes in to account the fact that the sun will remain in the sky for twenty four hours a day.第二,面对北方,需要到帐户的事实,太阳会在天空中仍然二十四小时的一天。
There are, however, inevitably downsides.有,但是,不可避免的负面影响。 We have already mentioned the issue at dawn and dusk.我们已经提到在黎明和黄昏的问题。 This means that the recorder is only able to measure bright rather than visible sunshine.这意味着,录音机只能措施,而不是可见的阳光明亮。 A little aqueous precipitation and the card can become bent out of shape, making it difficult to take the day's reading later on.一点点水沉淀和卡可以成为弯曲变形,因此很难采取一天的阅读以后。 The sphere also has to be cleaned and when this is forgotten the readings will inevitably be wrong.球体也必须清洗,当这个被遗忘的读数将不可避免地是错误的。 Finally there are those pesky things in the sky – clouds.最后,还有在天空中那些恼人的东西 - 云。
However, the Campbell-Stokes Recorder remains in use throughout the world.不过,坎贝尔斯托克斯记录保留在世界各地使用。 As well as still displaying the brilliance of its creators it is, in itself, a thing of beauty.以及静态展示了其辉煌的创造者是,本身就是一种美的东西。 And yes, before you ask – you can still buy them, for around US $2,000.是的,在你问 - 你仍然可以购买他们大约2000美元。