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taciturn adj. 沉默寡言的
temperamentally disinclined to talk tacit:infer=encoded:decode loquacious←→taciturn tacit:infer=encoded:decode taciturn←→prolix volubility←→taciturnity voluble←→taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent windbag←→taciturnity expansive←→taciturn/withdrawn/limited tackle n. 滑车，v. 解决(问题) an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling bolster:support=tackle:hoist tactile a. 触觉的,有触觉的,能触知的 perceptible by touch:TANGIBLE tactile:touch=affective:emotion tactless a. 无机智的,不机敏的,不得体的 marked by lack of a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense chicanery:clever=tactlessness:truthful gaffe:tactless=?? obstinate:preserve=tactless/insensitive:offend taint vt. 污染,使腐败,沾染,腐蚀 to contaminate morally:CORRUPT taint:integrity=?? tainted←→unspoiled/wholesome pristine←→taint taint←→integrity tame v.驯养，制报 lacking spirit, zest, interest, or the capacity to excite:INSIPID tame:tractable=?? tame←→racy tamper vi. 干预,玩弄,贿赂,窜改,削弱,损害 to interfere so as to weaken or change for the worse tamper:adjust=misrepresent:communicate tangent a. 接触的,切线的,相切的,离题的 diverging from an original purpose of course:IRRELEVANT tangent←→essential tangy a. 强烈的,扑鼻的 having or suggestive of a tang tangy←→bland tantalize v. 挑惹，挑逗 to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reach tease:tantalize=?? tantalize←→comfort, console, solace; alleviate, assuage, ease, relieve tantamount adj. 与…相等的 equivalent in value, significance, or effect tantamount←→incommensurate tantrum n. 勃然大怒，脾气发作 a fit of bad temper tantrum←→pacify taper n.细小的蜡烛；微光vi.vt.(使)逐渐变小,(使)逐渐减少 progressively narrowed toward one end tapestry n. 挂毯，丰富多采的画面 a heavy handwoven reversible textile used for hangings, curtains, and upholstery and characterized by complicated pictorial designs chiaroscuro:contrast=tapestry:intricacy { filigree:delicacy} tardy adj. 缓慢的，迟缓的 delayed beyond the expected or proper time:LATE tarnish n./v. 失去光泽，晦暗 something that tarnishes; especially :a film of chemically altered material on the surface of a metal (as silver) silver:tarnish=iron:rust tarnish:dull=vitrify:smooth tarpaulin n. 涂油防水布,防水衣,防水帽 a piece of material (as durable plastic) used for protecting exposed objects or areas tarpaulin:protect=?? tasty a. 好吃的,可口的 a:having a marked and appetizing flavor b:strikingly attractive or interesting tasty←→uninteresting tatty adj.不整洁的，简陋的 rather worn, frayed, or dilapidated:SHABBY tatty←→smart taunt v. 嘲笑，讥笑 to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting manner:jeer at flout:disregard=taunt:challenge taut a. 拉紧的，绷紧的，紧张的 having no give or slack:tightly drawn slacken:tautness=dilute:strength taut:commodious=extraordinary:purlieu slacken←→tauten taut←→slack tauten←→loosen/slacken taxing a. 繁重的,费力的 ONEROUS, WEARING taxing←→light tease vt.逗乐，戏弄；强求 to tantalize especially by arousing desire or curiosity without intending to satisfy it tease:tantalize=?? tedious a.乏味的 tiresome because of length or dullness:BORING tedious:energy=disturbing:composure tedious←→entertaining tedious a. 沉闷的,冗长乏味的 tiresome because of length or dullness:BORING teeter a. 摇摆,摇摇欲坠,踌躇,犹豫不决 a:to move unsteadily:WOBBLE b:WAVER, VACILLATE tear←→tether teeter←→stabilize telling a. 有效的,显著的,生动的 carrying great weight and producing a marked effect:EFFECTIVE, EXPRESSIVE telling←→not effective temerity n．鲁莽，大胆 unreasonable or foolhardy contempt of danger or opposition:RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS temerity←→circumspection temerity←→pusillanimity temerity←→cautious approach temperate a. 温和的,适度的,有节制的 marked by moderation temperate:restrain=tenacious:persist harangue←→speak temperately tenable adj. 站得住脚的，无懈可击的 capable of being held, maintained, or defended:DEFENSIBLE, REASONABLE ineluctable/inevitable:avoid=untenable:defend tenable←→unjustified/unsound tenacious a. 固执的，不屈不挠的,抓住不放的 persistent in maintaining or adhering to something valued or habitual beneficent:harm=tenacious:yield temperate:restrain=tenacious:persist tendentious a. 有支持某种立场的,有倾向的 marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view:BIASED tendencious:objective=?? tendinous a. 腱的 consisting of tendons:SINEWY tendinous:sinewy=?? tepid a. 微温的,温热的,不太热心的 moderately warm:LUKEWARM tepid←→fever terminus n. 终点,界标,终点站 either end of a transportation line or travel route; also :the station, town, or city at such a place:TERMINAL inception:termination=matriculation:graduation terminus:stop=epilogue:story terror n. 恐怖,可怕的人 a state of intense fear apprehension:terror=affection:adoration terror:fear=craving:desire testator n. 立遗嘱之人 a person who dies leaving a will or testament in force heirloom:ancestor=bequest:testator testimony n. 证言,证据,声明 a solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness under oath in response to interrogation by a lawyer or authorized public official calumny:assertion=perjury:testimony testy adj. 性急的，暴躁的 easily annoyed:IRRITABLE testy:annoy=tractable:control tether vt.用绳拴 n. 系绳,系链,界限,范围 to fasten or restrain by tether←→detach tether←→loose tear←→tether theatrical a. 剧场的,夸张的,戏剧性的 marked by pretense or artificiality of emotion theatrical←→natural theatrical←→professional theology n．神学，宗教 the study of religious faith, practice, and experience; especially :the study of God and of God's relation to the world conservatory:music={seminary:theology}=observatory:astronomy therapeutic a. 治疗的,治疗学的 of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods therapeutic:hospital=illuminating:school thorny a. 多刺的,痛苦的 full of difficulties or controversial points:TICKLISH thorny←→smooth threadbare adj. 磨破的，陈腐的 exhausted of interest or freshness threadbare/timeworn:novelty=labyrinthine:directness thrive vi. 繁荣,兴旺,茁壮成长 to grow vigorously:FLOURISH languish←→thrive wizened←→thrive throng vi. 群集,蜂拥 to crowd together in great numbers protract:length=throng:number thwart v. 阻挠，使…受挫 to oppose successfully:defeat the hopes or aspirations of oppose:thwart=treat:cure abet←→thwart/impede thwart←→support/aid ticklish adj. 怕痒的，问题棘手的 a:TOUCHY, OVERSENSITIVE b:easily overturned pliant:influence=ticklish:offend ticklish←→imperturbable tidy a. 整齐的,精简的 n. 椅子的背罩,装杂碎的容器 neat and orderly in appearance or habits:well ordered and cared for sloven←→tidy tiff n./v. 小争吵,生气 a petty quarrel tiff:squabble=foible:failing tightfisted a. 吝啬的 reluctant to part with money tightfisted:parsimonious=brattish:mischievous timeworn a. 陈旧的,老朽的 HACKNEYED, STALE threadbare/timeworn:novelty=labyrinthine:directness timeworn←→novel timid a. 胆小的,羞怯的 lacking in courage or self-confidence self-confident:timid=open:shy timorous adj. 胆小的，胆怯的 of a timid disposition:FEARFUL scrappy←→timorous tinge vt. 染,使带气息 to color with a slight shade or stain:TINT tinged←→colorless tinker n.(流动的)补锅工人; v.做拙劣修补 to repair, adjust, or work with something in an unskilled or experimental manner:FIDDLE tinker:adjust=scribble:write tint n. 色彩,浅色 a variation of a color produced by adding white to it and characterized by a low saturation with relatively high lightness tint:suffuse=damp:quench tirade n. 长篇的攻击性演说 a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate, vituperative, or harshly censorious language anger:tirade=exaggeration:hyperbole toady n. 谄媚者,拍马屁的人 one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors:SYCOPHANT toady:flatter=?? tolerance n. 容许量,公差,容忍,忍受 sympathy or indulgence for beliefs or practices differing from or conflicting with one's own bigot:tolerance=turncoat:constancy inured:tolerance=addicted:dependency posturer:unaffected=bigot:tolerant bigot:tolerant=provincial:cosmopolitan{servile:domination} tonic n. 增进健康之物，补品 increasing or restoring physical or mental tone:REFRESHING conducive:foment=tonic:invigorate tonic:invigorate=analgesic:deaden tonic←→enfeebling tonsorial a. 理发师的,理发的 of or relating to a barber or the work of a barber tonsorial:hair=sartorial:apparel topsy-turvy adj. 颠倒的,相反的 , 乱七八糟的,混乱的 topsy-turvy←→tranquil torpid adj. 懒散的，死气沉沉的 sluggish in functioning or acting torpid←→responsive torpor n. 迟钝；麻木 a state of mental and motor inactivity with partial or total insensibility:extreme sluggishness or stagnation of function torpor:iciness=?? torpor←→zeal torpor←→animation torrid adj. 酷热的 giving off intense heat:SCORCHING torrid←→arctic tortuous adj.弯曲的；歪曲的 marked by repeated twists, bends, or turns:WINDING tortuous←→direct/straightforward tractable adj. 易于驾御的，温顺的 capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled:DOCILE complaisance:intractable=adeptness:maladroit subtle:overlook=tractable:lead testy:annoy=tractable:control tame:tractable=?? balky←→tractable pertinacious←→tractable tractability←→incorrigibility tractable←→incorrigible tractable←→insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate pliant←→intransigence/intractable trait n. 显著特点，特性 a distinguishing quality (as of personal character):PECULIARITY transcend vt. 超越,胜过 to rise above or go beyond the limits of , to triumph over the negative or restrictive aspects of:OVERCOME ossify←→transcend conventions transgress vt. 违反,犯罪,逸出 to go beyond limits set or prescribed by:VIOLATE rectitude:transgress=keen:obtuse transgression:morality=:presumption:propriety transient a. 短暂的,易变的,瞬变的,路过的 passing especially quickly into and out of existence:TRANSITORY opportune:convenience=impermanent:transience convoluted:complexity=ephemeral:transience transience←→permanence transient←→lasting transitory adj. 短暂的(=transient) tending to pass away:not persistent transitory:endure=immutable:change transitory←→enduring transient←→protracted translucent a. 半透明的,透明的 permitting the passage of light:CLEAR, TRANSPARENT slack:tension=opaque:translucence transparent a. 透明的,显然的,明晰的 a:free from pretense or deceit:FRANK b:easily detected or seen through:OBVIOUS c:readily understood conspicuous:see=transparent:understand manifest/lucid:perceive=transparent:understand opacity←→transparency transparent←→deceitful transparent←→delusive traverse vt.横越，横切，横断 to go or travel across or over diverge:apart=traverse:across travesty n. 滑稽化的作品,漫画,滑稽模仿 a debased, distorted, or grossly inferior imitation travesty←→paragon treacherous adj．阴险的，危险的 characterized by or manifesting treachery:PERFIDIOUS treacherousness←→faithfulness treaty n. 条约,谈判 an agreement or arrangement made by negotiation rectify:treaty=confirm:hypothesis tremendous adj．惊人的，巨大的 a:notable by reason of extreme size, power, greatness, or excellence b:unusually large:HUGE tremulous a. 发抖的,战栗的,胆小的 such as is or might be caused by nervousness or shakiness trenchant a. 锐利的,尖刻的,苛刻的,清晰的,分明的 vigorously effective and articulate trenchant←→vague/dull trendsetter n. 创造新流行的人,新风尚 [潮流] 开创者 one that sets a trend trepidation n. 恐惧，惶恐 timorous uncertain agitation:APPREHENSION audacious:trepidation=laconic:aspiration dauntless:trepidation=footloose:attachment trespass vi. 侵夺,犯罪,冒犯,打扰 to enter unlawfully upon the land of another trespass←→undo trespass←→without to intrude tribute n.贡物；颂词 a payment by one ruler or nation to another in acknowledgment of submission or as the price of protection; also :the tax levied for such a payment trickle v．一滴滴地流，徐徐地流 a:to issue or fall in drops b:to flow in a thin gentle stream blast:whiff=gush:trickle trite a.陈腐的,陈词滥调的 hackneyed or boring from much use:not fresh or original trite←→unbanal triumph n. 凯旋,胜利,欢欣 a:a victory or conquest by or as if by military force b:a notable success trivial a. 细小的；不重要的 of little worth or importance substantive←→trivial trivial←→massive trophy n．奖品，战利品 something gained or given in victory or conquest especially when preserved or mounted as a memorial trophy:contestant=honors:student truant n.逃学，逃学者 adj. 偷懒的,旷课的,游荡的 one who shirks duty; especially :one who stays out of school without permission truant:dutiful=?? truculent adj. 残暴的，凶狠的 feeling or displaying ferocity:CRUEL, SAVAGE truculent:gentleness=unregenerate:remorse truculent←→gentle trudge vt.跋涉;吃力地走 to walk or march steadily and usually laboriously lug:carry=trudge:walk truncate v. 把（某物）截短，去尾 to shorten by or as if by cutting off prolong←→truncate truculent←→pacific tumbler n. 杯子,一杯量,打滚的人,翻斤斗者 one that performs tumbling feats:ACROBAT tumult n.骚动，暴动，吵闹 disorderly agitation or milling about of a crowd usually with uproar and confusion of voices:COMMOTION tumultuous:bedlam=active:hive tumult←→quietude/quiescence turbid adj. 混浊的，紊乱的 deficient in clarity or purity:FOUL, MUDDY turbulent a.骚动的，骚乱的 causing unrest, violence, or disturbance maelstrom:turbulent=mirage:illusory turgid adj. 浮肿的，浮夸的 excessively embellished in style or language:BOMBASTIC, POMPOUS turgid←→simple turmoil n. 骚动,混乱 a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion turncoat n. 背叛者,变节者 one who switches to an opposing side or party; specifically :TRAITOR bigot:tolerance=turncoat:constancy turncoat:constancy=simpleton:sagacity turncoat:consistency=recluse:compassion tutor n. 家庭教师,导师,助教,监护人 a person charged with the instruction and guidance of another tuxedo n. 男士无尾半正式晚礼服 a single-breasted or double-breasted usually black or blackish blue jacket typo n. 打字错误 an error (as of spelling) in typed or typeset material typo:text= ugly a. 丑陋的,邪恶的,险恶的,不祥的 offensive to the sight:HIDEOUS pulchritude←→ugliness ,hideous unavailing a. 无益的,无用的,无效的,徒劳的 not availing:FUTILE, USELESS unconventional a. 非传统的 not conventional:not bound by or in accordance with convention:being out of the ordinary hero:admirable=eccentric:unconventional uncouth a. 粗俗的,怪异的 awkward and uncultivated in appearance, manner, or behavior seemly←→uncouth unctuous adj. 油腔滑调的 smooth and greasy in texture or appearance placebo:innocuous=salve:unctuous underscore n. 下划线 line drawn under a word or line especially for emphasis or to indicate intent to italicize underscore:emphasis=brand:ownership underdog n. 牺牲者,受害者,输家 a loser or predicted loser in a struggle or contest underdog←→bully unexceptionable a. 无懈可击的,极好的,完全的 not open to objection or criticism:beyond reproach:UNIMPEACHABLE unexceptionable:oppose=unique:precedent unexceptional adj. 非例外的,普通的,平凡的 not out of the ordinary:COMMONPLACE unflappable adj.镇定的，从容不迫的 marked by assurance and self-control unflappable:upset=obstinate:persuade unflappable←→disturbed ungainly adj．笨拙的，不雅的 lacking in smoothness or dexterity:CLUMSY loquacious:succinct=adroit:ungainly lissome←→ungainly adroit←→ungainly unimpeachable adj．无可指摘的，无可置疑的 not impeachable:not to be called in question:not liable to accusation:IRREPROACHABLE, BLAMELESS unkempt adj．（衣服，头发）不整洁的 deficient in order or neatness unkempt←→dapper unlettered a. 无教育的,无学问的,文盲的 a:lacking facility in reading and writing and ignorant of the knowledge to be gained from books b:ILLITERATE erudite←→smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered unpalatable a. 不适口的,味道差的,不好吃的 not palatable:DISTASTEFUL unpretentious adj. 不炫耀的,含蓄的,谦虚的 free from ostentation, elegance, or affectation:MODEST bombastic←→unpretentious unrequited a. 无报答的,不受报酬影响 not requited:not reciprocated or returned in kind remunerative←→unrequited unruly a. 难控制的,无法无天的,任性的 not readily ruled, disciplined, or managed presumptuous:unruly subdued←→unruly untenable a.难以防守的,站不住脚的 not able to be defended untenable:defense=invulnerable:injury incontrovertible:disputed=untenable:defended{intrepid:feared} untold a.无数的，数不清的 too great or numerous to count:INCALCULABLE, VAST countless/innumerable/myriad/untold:number=everlasting/interminable:duration untold←→able to quantify/quantifiable/calculable untoward adj. 不幸的，（坏事）没料到的 not favorable:ADVERSE, UNPROPITIOUS untoward←→favorable untoward←→fortunate toward←→obdurate untutored a. 未受教育的,粗野的,幼稚的 a:having no formal learning or training b:NAIVE, UNSOPHISTICATED untutored←→polished unwonted a. 不习惯的,不寻常的,非习常的 not accustomed by experience habit←→unwonted behavior unwonted←→usual upbraid vt. 谴责,责骂,申斥 to reproach severely:scold vehemently upbraid←→laud/extol uphold vt. 支撑,赞成,坚持,举起,鼓励 to support against an opponent abrogate←→embrace/institute/uphold uproar n. 喧嚣,骚动 a state of commotion, excitement, or violent disturbance upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴 to trouble mentally or emotionally:disturb the poise of unflappable:upset=obstinate:persuade urbane adj. 温文尔雅的，懂礼的 notably polite or finished in manner:POLISHED urbane←→rude/rustic urge vi. 强烈要求 to present, advocate, or demand earnestly or pressingly didactic:teach=hortatory:urge { risible:ridicule} usurp vt. 篡夺,做霸占行为,夺取 to take the place of by or as if by force:SUPPLANT usurp:take=overwhelm:defeat vaccinate vt.vi. 预防接种 to inoculate (a person) with cowpox virus in order to produce immunity to smallpox overexposure:jaded=vaccination:immune soporific:sleep=vaccinating:immunity vaccination:immune=overexposure:jaded vacillate adj. 亦作 vacillatory 摇动的; 摇摆的; 犹豫不决的 to sway through lack of equilibrium:FLUCTUATE, OSCILLATE impetuous:vacillation/hesitation=bumptious:humbleness adamant←→vacillatory impetuosity←→hesitance/vacillation pertinacity←→vacillation equipoise←→vacillate vacuous adj．发呆的，无意义的,空的,空虚的,心灵空虚的 marked by lack of ideas or intelligence:STUPID, INANE vacuous←→intelligent vagary n. 奇想，异想天开 an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action, or notion vagary:predict=impossibility:execute vagrant n. 流浪汉,漂泊者,无赖 one who has no established residence and wanders idly from place to place without lawful or visible means of support vague a.模糊的 not thinking or expressing one's thoughts clearly or precisely trenchant←→vague vague←→well defined valediction n．告别演说，告别词 an act of bidding farewell panegyric:praise:valediction:farewell valediction←→greeting valiant a.英勇的 possessing or acting with bravery or boldness:COURAGEOUS valiance←→pusillanimous valid a. 有确实根据的,有效的,正当的 logically correct specious←→valid vanquish vt. 打败,征服,克服 to defeat in a conflict or contest dominate:vanquished=?? vapid adj. 索然无味的 lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force:FLAT, DULL bracing←→vapid vapid←→zeal vaporize vt.vi. (使)蒸发 to convert (as by the application of heat or by spraying) into vapor scuff:abrasion=heat:vaporization gasification/vaporization←→solidification vaporization←→solidification vaporous ←→substantial variance n. 分岐；差异 the fact, quality, or state of being variable or variant:DIFFERENCE, VARIATION immutable←→variable variance←→congruity varnish n. 清漆，v. 涂上清漆 to apply varnish to glaze:porcelain=varnish:wood varnish:glossy=sand:smooth varnish:wood=wax:linoleum vault n. 窖,地下室,撑竿跳,圆顶 a room or compartment for the safekeeping of valuables larder:provisions=vault:valuables vaunt vt.vi. 自夸 to make a vain display of one's own worth or attainments:BRAG vaunt←→deprecate vaunting←→meek veer v．转向，改变（话题等） to change direction or course veer:direction=convert:belief veer←→maintain constant vehement adj.猛烈的；激烈的 marked by forceful energy:POWERFUL venom n. 毒液,恶意 poisonous matter normally secreted by some animals (as snakes, scorpions, or bees) and transmitted to prey or an enemy chiefly by biting or stinging placebo:innocuous=venom:toxious venal adj. 唯利是图的，贪脏枉法的 capable of being bought or obtained for money or other valuable consideration:PURCHASABLE; especially :open to corrupt influence and especially bribery:MERCENARY venal←→unsusceptible of bribery vendor n. 小贩,卖主,自动售货机 one that sell especially as a hawker or peddler vendor:purvey=censor:expurgate veneer n. （镶于劣质东西上的）镶面板，外表 a layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to be glued to an inferior wood foil:metal=veneer:wood veneer:furniture=baseboard:wall venerate vt.敬拜；崇拜 (a. venerable 令人尊敬的；神圣庄严的) to regard with reverential respect or with admiring deference perfunctorily:inspiration=insolently:veneration venerable:reverence=despicable:scorn veneration←→derision vengeful a. 复仇心重的,报复的 REVENGEFUL:as a:seeking to avenge b:serving to gain vengeance venial adj. （错误等）轻微的，可原谅的 of a kind that can be remitted:FORGIVABLE, PARDONABLE; also :meriting no particular censure or notice:EXCUSABLE venial:excuse=pellucid:understand ventilate vt. 使空气流通,使通风,宣布,公开 a:to examine, discuss, or investigate freely and openly:EXPOSE b:to make public:UTTER veracious adj．诚实的，说真话的 TRUTHFUL, HONEST veracious←→mendacious verbatim a. 逐字的,照字面的 being in or following the exact words:WORD-FOR-WORD paraphrase:verbatim=approximate:precise argot←→standard language/common verbalism verbose a. 用字多的,冗长,累赘的 containing more words than necessary:WORDY laconism←→verbosity verbosity←→succinctness verdant a. 翠绿的,青翠的,生疏的,不老练的 green with growing plants verdant←→sterile verdict n. 裁决,判决,结论,定论,判断 the finding or decision of a jury on the matter submitted to it in trial verify vt. 查证,证实,检验 to establish the truth, accuracy, or reality of refutation←→verification unsubstantiated←→verified vermin n. 害虫,歹徒 an offensive person vernacular a. 地方的,用地方语写成的 using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language versatile a.多方面的；通用的 having many uses or applications versatile←→having limited application verse monger n. 拙劣诗人 sonnet:verse monger=?? vertigo n. 眩晕 a disordered state in which the individual or the individual's surroundings seem to whirl dizzily vertigo:nauseate=?? vessel n. 船,容器,脉管 a tube or canal (as an artery) in which a body fluid is contained and conveyed or circulated aqueduct:water=pipeline:gas=vessel:blood vestigial a. 痕迹的,遗迹的,退化的 a bodily part or organ that is small and degenerate or imperfectly developed in comparison to one more fully developed in an earlier stage of the individual, in a past generation, or in closely related forms vestigial←→fully developed veteran n. 老手,退伍军人,老兵,老树 a person of long experience in some occupation or skill (as politics or the arts) veto v.,n.否决(权) an authoritative prohibition:INTERDICTION veto:prohibitive=overture:introductory veto←→consent vex vt.使烦恼，使恼火 to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to conciliate←→vex vex←→pacify/appease/soothe vex←→conciliation vex←→mollify viable a. 能养活的,能生育的 capable of living; especially :capable of surviving outside the mother's womb without artificial support elastic:expand=viable:live viability←→inability to live vibrant adj. 振动的，明快的，生气勃勃 (1)oscillating or pulsating rapidly (2)pulsating with life, vigor, or activity flagging←→vibrant ponderous←→lively/vibrant/briskly vicarious a. 代理的,担任代理的,替身的 performed or suffered by one person as a substitute for another or to the benefit or advantage of another:SUBSTITUTIONARY vicious a. 邪恶的,堕落的,品性不端的 having the nature or quality of vice or immorality:DEPRAVED vicissitude n. 变化,变迁,荣枯,盛衰 natural change or mutation visible in nature or in human affairs vicissitudinous←→unchanging victim n. 受害人,牺牲者,牺牲品 a living being sacrificed to a deity or in the performance of a religious rite vigilant adj.警惕着的,清醒的 alertly watchful especially to avoid danger vigilant:entrapped=exacting:satisfied=wary:gulled oblivious←→vigilant vigilant←→oblivious vigilant←→unalert vigilant←→negligible vignette n. 小巧可爱的插 图或照片 a:a short descriptive literary sketch b:a brief incident or scene (as in a play or movie) vignette:scene=skit:drama vigor n. 精力,活力 active bodily or mental strength or force decrepit←→vigorous vim n. 精力，活力 robust energy and enthusiasm lassitude←→vim/animation vindicate n. 为…平反，证明…正确 to free from allegation or blame (1) CONFIRM, SUBSTANTIATE (2) to provide justification or defense for:JUSTIFY calumniate←→vindicate impugn←→vindicate vindictive adj．报复性的 a:disposed to seek revenge:VENGEFUL b:intended for or involving revenge mercenary:money=vindictive:revenge violate vt. 违犯,亵渎,干扰,妨碍,侵犯 to do harm to the person or especially the chastity of; specifically :RAPE virility n．雄劲，丈夫气 the quality or state of being virile: a:MANHOOD b:manly vigor:MASCULINITY virtuoso n. 演艺精湛的人，大师 an experimenter or investigator especially in the arts and sciences:SAVANT virtuoso:skill=potentate:power virtuosity←→mediocrity virtuous a. 有品德的,善良的,贞洁的,有效力的 morally excellent:RIGHTEOUS doldrums:energy=depravity:virtue base←→virtuous nefarious←→above reproach/virtuous virulent adj. 剧毒的，恶毒的 marked by a rapid, severe, and malignant course virulent←→salubrious viscous a.粘滞的，粘性的 having a glutinous consistency:VISCID glutinous←→non viscous visionary a. 幻影的,幻想的,梦想的 a:of the nature of a vision:ILLUSORY b:incapable of being realized or achieved:UTOPIAN visionary:idealistic=officious:obliging vista n. 街景,展望,回想 a distant view through or along an avenue or opening:PROSPECT placebo :painkiller=backdrop:vista vitality n. 活力,生命力 capacity to live and develop; also :physical or mental vigor especially when highly developed attenuate:thickness=enervate:vitality dehydrate:water=wither:vitality enervation:vitality=debase:value arrest←→vitalize vitiate v.使腐败，败坏 to make faulty or defective:IMPAIR vitiate←→fortify/strengthen vitrify vi. 变成玻璃,成为玻璃状 to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and fusion tarnish:dull=vitrify:smooth vituperative adj. 辱骂的，责骂的 uttering or given to censure:containing or characterized by verbal abuse vituperative←→complimentary vivacious adj. 活泼的，快活的 lively in temper, conduct, or spirit:SPRIGHTLY phlegmatic←→vivacious vivacious←→languid vociferous adj. 喧哗的，大叫大嚷的 marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry vociferous←→reticent/monotone vogue n. 时尚,时髦,流行 a:popular acceptation or favor:POPULARITY b:a period of popularity volatile adj. 反复无常的，挥发性的 characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change craven:heroic=volatile:constant volatile:temper=ready:wit volatile←→constant volition n. 自决，自主 an act of making a choice or decision; also :a choice or decision made volition←→inability to choose voluble a. 流利的,健谈的,易旋转的,缠绕的 characterized by ready or rapid speech:GLIB, FLUENT voluble:speech=licentious:dissoluteness maladroit:deft=voluble:verse volubility←→taciturnity laconic←→voluble voluble←→taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent voluminous a. 卷数多的,大部分的,著书多的,长篇的,庞大的,盘绕的 a:having or marked by great volume or bulk:LARGE also :FULL b:NUMEROUS voluminous←→scanty/scarce voluptuous adj．撩人的，沉溺酒色的 given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications voluptuary←→ascetic spartan←→sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious voluptuous←→spartan voluptuous←→self contained/self denying vomit n. 呕吐,呕吐物,催吐剂 an act or instance of disgorging the contents of the stomach through the mouth; also :the disgorged matter voracious a. 狼吞虎咽的,贪婪的 excessively eager:INSATIABLE impassive:perturb=voracious:satisfy voracity←→lack of appetite votary n. 崇拜者，热心支持者 a:a devout or zealous worshiper b:a staunch believer or advocate votary←→skeptic vouch vi. 担保,保证,证明,确定 to summon into court to warrant or defend a title vouch←→refuse to guarantee vulgar a. 粗俗的,庸俗的,本土的,通俗的,普通的 lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste:COARSE genteel:vulgarity=intrepid:fear waffle vi. 闲聊,胡扯 to talk or write foolishly:BLATHER waffle←→speak unequivocally wag n. 摇摆,小丑 WIT, JOKER ludicrous:buffoon=dissolute:libertine=humorous:wag wag:humorous=dolt:stupid want n. 缺乏,贫困,需要 a:DEFICIENCY, LACK b:grave and extreme poverty that deprives one of the necessities of life repletion←→want wanton a. 荒唐的,嬉戏的,繁茂的,肆意的 playfully mean or cruel:MISCHIEVOUS wardrobe n. 衣橱,衣室,全部衣服 a room or closet where clothes are kept :CLOTHESPRESS larder:food=wardrobe:clothes warmonger n. 战争贩子,好战者,主战论者 one who urges or attempts to stir up war:JINGO dove←→warmonger/jingoist warrant vt. 保证,辩解,使有正当理由,批准 to guarantee to a person good title to and undisturbed possession of (as an estate) gratuitous←→warranted/merited wary a. 小心的,机警的,周到的,唯恐的 marked by keen caution, cunning, and watchful prudence especially in detecting and escaping danger vigilant:entrapped=exacting:satisfied=wary:gulled wastrel n.浪费者,饭桶,流浪者,废品,浪子 one who dissipates resources foolishly and self-indulgently:PROFLIGATE inexperience:neophyte=irresponsibility:wastrel waterproof a. 防水的 impervious to water; especially :covered or treated with a material waterproof←→permeable watershed n.分水岭，流域 a crucial dividing point, line, or factor:TURNING POINT watershed←→ambiguity/routine wax vt. 上蜡于 to treat or rub with wax usually for polishing or stiffening varnish:wood=wax:linoleum wax vi. 变大,增大,月亮渐满 to increase in phase or intensity ,used chiefly of the moon, other satellites, and inferior planets wax←→decrease wax←→waste away flag←→wax wheedle vt. 以甜言蜜语诱惑,用甜言蜜语骗, to influence or entice by soft words or flattery whet vt. 磨,磨快,刺激,促进 to sharpen by rubbing on or with something blunt←→whet whiff n. 一吹,一吸,香烟的一口,一点点, a quick puff or slight gust especially of air, odor, gas, smoke, or spray blast:whiff=gush:trickle whimsical adj．古怪的，异想天开的 resulting from or characterized by whim or caprice; especially :lightly fanciful caprice:whimsical=stealth:furtive=discontent:unsatisfied mercurial:mood=whimsical:behavior wholesome a. 有益健康的,合乎卫生的,健全的,审慎的,有生气的,有益的 promoting health or well-being of mind or spirit decadence←→wholesomeness tainted←→unspoiled/wholesome wholesome←→deleterious insalubrious←→wholesome morbid←→wholesome noxious←→wholesome/sanitary/innocuous wick n. 灯芯,油绳 a bundle of fibers or a loosely twisted, braided, or woven cord, tape, or tube usually of soft spun cotton threads that by capillary attraction draws up to be burned a steady supply of the oil in lamps or the melted tallow or wax in candles wicked a. 坏的,邪恶的,缺德的,淘气的,恶劣的,刻毒的 morally very bad:EVIL nefarious:wickedness=generous:liberality welter vi. 翻滚,滚动,挣扎,颠簸,浸湿 to be in turmoil wily a. 使用计谋的,有诡计的,狡猾的 full of wiles:CRAFTY wince v. 避开，畏缩 to shrink back involuntarily (as from pain):FLINCH wince:pain=smile:pleasure=pout:displeasure=sneer:contempt windbag n. 风囊,饶舌之人,好说话的人 an exhaustively talkative person windbag←→taciturnity windy a. 多风的,风强的,坏天气的,虚无的,吹牛的,腹胀的 a:VERBOSE, BOMBASTIC b:lacking substance:EMPTY windy:concise=hackneyed:original winnow v．把（谷物）的杂质吹掉，扬去 to remove (as chaff) by a current of air winnow:chaff=filter:impurities winnow:grain=purify:water winsome adj．媚人的，漂亮的 generally pleasing and engaging often because of a childlike charm and innocence unprepossessing←→entrancing/winsome wit n. 机智,机警,智力,头脑,机智的人,妙语,理智 mental capability and resourcefulness:INGENUITY volatile:temper=ready:wit witch n. 巫婆,女巫 one that is credited with usually malignant supernatural powers; especially :a woman practicing usually black witchcraft often with the aid of a devil or familiar:SORCERESS retainer:retinue=witch:coven withdraw vi. 撤退,离开 to remove (money) from a place of deposit;to become socially or emotionally detached roisterer:carouse=recluse:withdraw press←→withdrawal wither vt.凋谢 to become dry and sapless; especially :to shrivel from or as if from loss of bodily moisture dehydrate:water=wither:vitality burgeon←→wither wither←→revive withhold vt. 扣留,保留,抑制 to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing withhold←→grant wizen adj. 凋谢的, 枯萎的 to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a result of aging or of failing vitality wizened←→thrive/blooming wobble vi. 摇晃,动摇,游移不定,犹豫 to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side b:TREMBLE, QUAVER woo v. 向（女人）求爱，争取…的支持 to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with:COURT adulate:fawn=woo:adorn wordsmith n. 擅长文字创作的人 a person who works with words; especially :a skillful writer raconteur:storytelling=wordsmith:writing worldly a. 世间的,世俗的,世上的 of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits rather than to religion or spiritual affairs worldly←→singular worldly←→naive worship n. 崇拜,礼拜,尊敬 extravagant respect or admiration for or devotion to an object of esteem worship:sacrifice=prediction:augury wrangler n. 口角者,争论者,牧马者 a ranch hand who takes care of the saddle horses; broadly :COWBOY lariat:wrangler=crook:shepherd writ n．命令状，书面命令 a formal written document; specifically :a legal instrument in epistolary form issued under seal in the name of the English monarch wry adj.讽刺的;歪斜的 (1)cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous (2)having a bent or twisted shape or condition fluent:glib=humorous:wry wry←→even, straight, true; directly, undeviatingly yacht n. 游艇 any of various recreational watercraft yardstick n. 码尺,准绳 graduated measuring stick three feet (0.9144 meter) long b:a standard basis of calculation yaw v．（船，飞机等）偏航 of a ship :to deviate erratically from a course (as when struck by a heavy sea); especially :to move from side to side yield vi. 出产,屈服,投降,同意 to surrender or relinquish to the physical control of another:hand over possession of beneficent:harm=tenacious:yield evanescent:disappear=pliant:yield default:pay=yield:resist obsequious:fawn=compliant:yield adamant:yield=cautious:gamble acquiesce:yield=capitulate:categorical meek←→unyielding dogged←→yielded outmaneuver←→yield yoke vt. 给...上轭,连接,结合,使成配偶 to join as if by a yoke sunder←→combine/yoke/bond zeal n. 热心,热衷,热诚 eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something:FERVOR devoted:zealous=careful:fastidious fervor:zealot=improvidence:spendthrift miser:munificent:zealot:blase zeal:dedication={mesmeric:interest} torpor←→zeal zealotry←→lack of fervor vapid←→zeal zest n. 风味,强烈的风味,热情,热心 keen enjoyment:RELISH, GUSTO zigzag n. & a. 之字形(的)；v. 弯弯曲曲地行进 one of a series of short sharp turns, angles, or alterations in a course; also:something having the form or character of such a series zigzag:turns=montage:images zone vi. 分成区 to arrange in or mark off into zones; specifically:to partition (a city, borough, or township) by ordinance into sections reserved for different purposes (as residence or business land=zoning=?? |
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