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some和 any 的用法

 英语网 2011-06-19

 

 

         some any 的用法:
some
一般用于肯定句中,意思是几个一些某个作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿)
some
用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗?
)
any
一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是任何一些任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:They didn’t have  any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗?
)
any
用于肯定句时,意思是任何的Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。
)
(2)no
none的用法:

no
是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如:There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)
none
只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如:None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的
)  
(3)all
both的用法:

all
指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
both
指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。allboth在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如:I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个?两个都要。)
all
both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如:All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮
)
(4)every
each用法:

every
是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是每一个”,表示整体概念;
each
是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是每个或者各个”,表示单个概念;each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词之后或者行为动词之前
every
each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(they/them/their)替代。如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)
(5)either
neither的用法:

either
意思是两个中间的任何一个neithereither的否定形式,意思是两个都不
neither
either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去?一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)
(6)other
the otheranother的用法:

other
意思是另一另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是另外又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如:
Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(
有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话)  /  You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块?)  /  I want another four books.(我还要四本书)
another(
另外的,再一,又一)the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如: This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢?) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。
)
others
the others的主要区别:others剩余的人/”(指大部分)the others其余的人/”,(指全部)。如:A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。
)
(7)many
much的用法:

many
意思是很多”,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如:I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)
many
much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of;  many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上soverytoo.如:  There are a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/ They haven’t got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。
)
(8)few
littlea fewa little的用法:

few
little意思是很少几个几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a fewa  little意思是有几个有些”,有肯定的意思 fewa few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, littlea little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如:
He is very poor and he has little money.(
他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)
(9)
复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。

somebody, something, someone
一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如:Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(,丽丽,门外有人。) /Di(每个人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗?)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)
(10)one
ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如: Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件? / I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些
)
(11)so
可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如: I don’t think so.(我认为不是这样的。) / He lost a book.  So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。
)
(12)a lot of
lots ofa number of( /large numbers of)a great deal ofplenty of的区别:五个名词+介词短语都表示大量,许多”,a lot of(lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为muchmanyplenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为somemanya lot ofplenty of a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much

如:A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)
(13)none
no onenobody的区别:no onenobody都表示没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式;none表示没有一个人/”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如:No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。
)
9
、相互代词:表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。

each other ,one another
是相互代词,译成互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如: We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)
10
、疑问代词:用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。

1
whowhomwhosewhatwhichwhoeverwhateverwhichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如:
Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(
你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的?) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么?)
2
who whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语;而whatwhichwhose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如: Who is that man?(那男的是谁?) / What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色?) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的?)(被动句
)
注意这个提问:The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲
)
→Which man is your father?(
哪个男人是你的父亲?
)
3
which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如:People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨) →Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨?)/ --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆?)—The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆
)
4
、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数;如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如:Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里?) / What is that? (那是什么?)/ What are those? (那些是什么?) / What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色?)

 

like to do sth like doing sth的区别,

like doing
like to do都表示"喜欢做某事",
但是

1,like doing sth
表示长时间的喜欢做某事,
指兴趣爱好。在意义上比较一般和抽象,时间观念不强,不指某一次动作;
例:

I like watching TV .
我喜欢看电视。

Do you like singing ?
你喜欢唱歌吗?

She likes swimming.
她喜欢游泳。(经常性的,爱好)
I like eating fish .(
我喜欢吃鱼,个人口味而已,一种爱好,喜欢)

2,like to do sth
则常指某个具体的动作,表示偶尔一次喜欢做某事、或者突然喜欢干某事。

like to do sth
想去做某事(表示有个趋向性,好像是要到某处去做某事)
:
She likes to swim this afternoon.
她今天下午想游泳。(特指某一次的动作)


另外,在搭配(使用方法)
,
“ like to do ”
一般与 “ would ” 搭配
表示意愿
例:

I would like to swim with you .
我愿意和你去游泳。

Would you like to skate ?
你愿意去滑冰吗?

 

 

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