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研究人员发现了一种控制食量的新方法：用大一点的餐叉。 While numerous studies have focused on portion sizes and their influence on how much we eat, researchers Arul and Himanshu Mishra and Tamara Masters looked at how bite sizes affect quantities ingested. 当众多的研究都以“单份分量”及其对食量的影响为中心时，研究员Arul、Himanshu Mishra和TamaraMasters却着眼于“一口量”如何影响摄入的食物数量。 To do this, they conducted field research in a popular Italian restaurant in the southwestern United States. 为进行研究，他们在美国西南部一家广受欢迎的意大利餐厅进行了田野调查。 Two sets of forks were used to tinker with bite size: a larger fork that held 20 percent more food than the fork usually used in the restaurant, and a smaller fork that held 20 percent less than the usual utensil. 两套餐叉被拿来进行“一口量”实验：较大的餐叉能比通常餐馆用的餐叉多取20%的食物，较小的餐叉比通常的餐具少取20%。 Over two lunches and two dinners in the restaurant, tables were either "large fork" or "small fork" tables. 在两顿午餐和晚餐的过程中，餐馆的桌子不是有较大餐叉就是有较小餐叉。 Servers, including one of the study's authors, took customers' orders, and weighed the full plate of food that they had ordered before serving it to them. 服务生以及假扮成服务生的研究人员记下顾客点的菜，并且在上菜之前对顾客点的菜进行整盘称重。 A small sticky note was attached to the underside of each plate, noting the weight and other information -- just in case the fork and plate were separated when the table was cleared. 每个盘子下面都粘着一个小便条，记录着重量和其他信息，以防清桌时餐叉和盘子被分开。 At the end of the meal, the plate was brought back to the kitchen and weighed again, and the researchers found that diners who used the bigger fork ate less of their food than those who used the smaller one. 饭后，盘子被拿回厨房再次称重。研究者发现，用较大餐叉的人比用较小餐叉的人吃的更少。 But the big fork, less eaten theory only worked in a restaurant setting. A study conducted in the lab, which also used Italian food, found that people who used big forks actually consumed more. 但是“大餐叉小食量”理论仅仅在餐厅环境中有效。研究人员也在实验室用意大利菜做了一个实验，结果发现用大餐叉的人实际上吃得更多。 The researchers, whose findings were published in the Journal of Consumer Research, concluded that there are different motivations when we eat in a restaurant or a lab. 研究人员将研究结果发表在《消费者研究杂志》上，他们认为，人们在餐馆或者实验室吃东西时有不同的动机。 Diners went to the restaurant with a "well-defined goal of satiating their hunger, and, because of this well-defined goal, they are willing to invest effort and resources to satiate their hunger." 去餐厅吃饭的就餐者有大块朵颐的明确目的，因此，他们愿意尽力满足口腹之欲。 In the lab, participants were told they were taking part in a study and did not have that same motivation. 在实验室，参与者被告知他们正参加一项研究，所以没有那样的动力。 The restaurant diners felt that the small fork gave them "a feeling that they are not making much progress" towards their goal, and this resulted in them eating more of the food on their plate than the large-fork group, the researchers reasoned. 研究人员分析认为，使用较小的餐叉给餐厅的就餐者一种“在实现目标的过程中并没有取得太大进展”的感觉，这导致他们比“大餐叉组”吃的更多。 "Grandma's advice tells us to consume small bites, but remember, she also tells us to chew well so that our body has enough time to let us know that we are full," the researchers conclude. “外婆告诉我们要小口吃东西，但要牢记，她还告诉我们要细嚼慢咽，以便我们的身体有足够的时间让我们知道我们吃饱了。”研究人员总结道。 "Given people's busy lives and the growing trend of eating in restaurants, if we are not chewing longer, then consuming from a larger fork may actually be more helpful in controlling overconsumption," they write. “考虑到人们快速的生活节奏和日益增长的去餐厅就餐的趋势，如果我们不能细嚼慢咽，那么使用较大的餐具事实上对控制暴饮暴食更有帮助。”他们在文章中写道。 |
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