死的别称（讳称）

死的别称（讳称）

死的别称"死"的同义词很多,常见的有去世,过世,逝世,故去、仙逝、长眠、安息、千古、归天、亡、故、卒、殁、永别、永诀、离开人世、寿终正寝、与世长辞等等.在古代,"死"的别称不但众多,而且从中能够窥见等级观念,心理活动以及情感色彩.

天子之死叫"崩","驾崩",意思是皇帝的车驾崩坏了. 山陵崩、大行、登遐、晏驾、千秋、百岁。

诸侯或相当于诸侯的封国国君,封爵王侯,以及贵妃,公卿大臣之死称"薨".

大夫之死叫"卒",这从西周一直到唐宋以前都是如此.唐宋以后,普通百姓死,才敢称"卒".

古时只有平民之死,才直言不讳地通称"死".

古代人未及15岁而死,称"夭",未成年而死,称"殇",此外还有"短折","夭折"等别称.

父母之死：见背、孤露、弃养等

高龄而死：登仙、寿终正寝。

 

受佛教轮回观念的影响,"死"的别称上,出现了诸如"归天","厌世","下世","上仙","归净土","入冥",甚至直言"下地狱","见阎王","上西天"等. 尼姑、道士、和尚之死：圆寂、坐化、示寂、示灭、涅盘、羽化、登仙等。

革命志士,爱国忠臣,民族英雄,白刃横于前而宁死不屈,为国家赴汤蹈火,其死堪称英烈.人们用"殒(殉)国","殉难","殉节","殉命","殉身","捐躯"等来称誉他们.

对于那些死于非命的奸臣,祸孽,恶人,盗匪贼寇等,往往称其死为"毙命","毙","绝","灰灭"等.大众化的贬词还有:"一命呜呼","蹬腿了","断气了","完蛋了","见阎王去了","下地狱了",等等.

关于"死"的别称,数量最多的还是如下这些大众化的中性别称,诸如:"亡","殁","没","丧","终","故","逝","殒","不起","绝命","弃手足","弃堂帐","捐馆","捐馆舍","物故","溘逝","弃养","亡躯","作古","谢世","弃世"等.西方人习惯于说死是"见上帝去了",而有些共产党人习惯把最后的归宿喻为"去见马克思".

至于"杀","诛","戮","醢","战亡","病没","弃市","伏诛","伏法","就义","正典刑","正法","凌迟","戮首","腰斩","寻短见","自经","自缢","自溺","遇害","遇难","牺牲"等,都属于死的不同方法,不能视为死的别称。.

这种种的“死”，包涵有丰富的感情色彩，恰当地选用，可以使语言增辉添彩，对死者的评价和对家属的态度也能表达出来。