[Linux]
post by 后山一根葱 / 2010-6-12 16:36 Saturday
内容：使用openssl自己生成证书
环境：ubuntu 9.10
来源：后山一根葱
这两天在配置一个SSL环境，也发了些时间。下面是我自己在配置中的一个流水过程，有需要朋友可以参考，如有不对的地方还望指出。
安装openssl
sudo apt-get install openssl
按照 OpenSSL 的默认配置建立 一个目录ssl（eg. mkdir /home/jecks/ssl） ，需要在ssl下建立相应的目录结构。相关的配置内容一般位于/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf 内。在终端中使用如下命令建立目录结构：
$ mkdir -p ./demoCA/{private,newcerts}
$ touch ./demoCA/index.txt
$ touch ./demoCA/serial
注：在文件serial中写入01，index.txt为空文件。
进入/hone/jecks/ssl/下面，执行命令
[root@~/ssl]# pwd
/home/jecks/ssl
[root@~/ssl]# ls
demoCA
1.首先要生成服务器端的私钥(key文件):
[root@~/ssl]#openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
运行时会提示输入密码,此密码用于加密key文件(参数des3便是指加密算法,当然也可以选用其他你认为安全的算法.),以后每当需读取此文件(通过openssl提供的命令或API)都需输入口令.如果觉得不方便,也可以去除这个口令,但一定要采取其他的保护措施!
去除key文件口令的命令:
[root@~/ssl]#openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
2.用server.key生成一个证书：
[root@~/ssl]#openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Enter pass phrase for server.key:12345
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@
生成Certificate Signing Request（CSR）,生成的csr文件交给CA签名后形成服务端自己的证书.屏幕上将有提示,依照其指示一步一步输入要求的个人信息即可.
3.对客户端也作同样的命令生成key及csr文件(在这两步写在一起):
A： [root@~/ssl]#openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
...........++++++
..++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
B： [root@~/ssl]# openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@
4.生成的CSR证书文件必须有CA的签名才可形成证书.这时生成一个KEY文件ca.key 和根证书ca.crt
[root@~/ssl]# openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...++++++
...................++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
Enter PEM pass phrase:12345
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@
5.用生成的CA的证书为刚才生成的server.csr,client.csr文件签名（这也是两写在一起）:
A： [root@~/ssl]# openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT
Not After : Feb 26 04:15:02 2011 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = china
organizationName = xxx.Ltd.C
organizationalUnitName = jecks
commonName = www.
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
30:70:D2:EB:9B:73:AE:7B:0E:8E:F6:94:33:7C:53:5B:EF:93:FC:38
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:DB:D6:83:BB:7F:28:C2:A9:40:6A:D8:32:FC:01:E0:5C:48:27:51:19
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
B： [root@~/ssl]#openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The countryName field needed to be the same in the
CA certificate (CN) and the request (cn)
..................
另外，这个certificate是BASE64形式的,要转成PKCS12才能装到IE,/NETSCAPE上.所以还要:
[root@~/ssl]# openssl pkcs12 -export -in client.pem -inkey client.key -out client.pfx
Enter pass phrase for client.key:
Enter Export Password: # 设置client.pfx密码
Verifying - Enter Export Password:
现在我们所需的全部文件便生成了.
另：
client使用的文件有：ca.crt,client.crt,client.key,client.pfx
server使用的文件有：ca.crt,server.crt,server.key
6.最后
编辑/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
NameVirtualHost *:443
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerSignature
OnSSLEngine On
SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt #指定服务器证书位置
SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/server.key #指定服务器证书key位置
SSLCACertificatePath /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt #证书目录
SSLCACertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/ca.csr #根证书位置
#开启客户端SSL请求
SSLVerifyClient require
SSLVerifyDepth 1
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
ServerName www.
DocumentRoot /var/www/test
ErrorDocument 404 http://www./err.php
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/test/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHOst>
证书安装及使用
把刚才生成的证书：根证书ca.crt和客户证书client.crt(client.pfx)安装到客户端， ca.crt安装到信任的机构，client.crt直接在windows安装或安装到个人证书位置，然后用IP访问HTTP和https服务器。在IE中我们一般导入client.pfx证书，导入时会提示上面设置的密码。
