英语语法知识难点--省略(十六)
I.要点 有时为了避免重复,使语言简练紧凑,在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下,往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。 1、 固定习惯用词。如: No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。 2. 简单句中的省略 (1) 口语中,一、二、三人称的主语,有时还包括谓语都可以省略。如:(It is)Nice to see you! (This is) Li Ming speaking. (2) 所有格后的名词如为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。如: I'm going to visit Tom's (house). I met him at the tailor's (shop). (3) 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.
(4) 主(宾)语补足语中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class. (5) There be结构中 there be可同时省略,或只省略there.如:(Is there) Anything wrong? (6) 表示年龄的years old, 表示钟点的o'clock, minute等常省略。如:What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock). 3从句中的省略 (1) 宾语从句,以which, when, where, how和why引起的宾语从句谓语与主句谓语如相同,可省略从句中全部谓语,甚至主语也可省略,仅保留wh-一词。如: He will come, but we don't know when (he will come). He didn't come, I wondered why (he didn't come). (2) 定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词,如: The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher. (3) 状语从句,在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,或从句主语是it,则be动词及其主语常可省略。如: I'll tell him that when (it is) possible. I won't go there unless (I'm) invited.
II.例题 例1 A beam of light will not bend(弯曲)round corners unless____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device(反射装置)。 A made B being made C having made D to be made 解析:该题正确答案为A。 unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth变成被动语态则为sth/ sb be made to do. 例2 While ____my homework, I heard a cry for help. A do B did C doing D having done 解析:该题答案为C。该空处省略了I'm,相当于while I'm doing my home work.如:While playing guitar, he is singing.
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