正如我在最近一篇博文中所建议的要将自我反省作为一种日常习惯那样，近来，我时常会陷入反思之中。其中有一件萦绕在我心头的事是，我要如何才能完成人生中学习的最大飞跃。在许多案例中，它们与诸如坐在教室中或备考这些传统的教学实践都关系不大。2
So far, I have come up with six that seem to have impacted me most or that I know others who are passionate about learning have used. Here they are. One big caveat, though – all of these require you to be mindful and reflect if you really expect to get a lot out of them.
到目前为止，我已经想出了六种对自己似乎影响最深的方法，而且这些方法，也是那些无比热衷学习的人们使用过的。这儿这些就是了。但是有一个大的警告——如果你真的希望能够从中受益的话，它需要你变得小心谨慎并且能够深思熟虑。
One of the biggest barriers to learning and growing is simply staying in the same place for too long – whether that means the same office, the same relationship, the same job, or the same country. I don’t advocate disloyalty or irresponsible quitting, but sometimes you just have to move on. For me, choosing to leave my first job and travel the world, and later to leave a high-paying job and start my first company were the beginnings of some of the most valuable learning experiences in my life. I think you see this strategy being pursued with vengeance through blogs like The Art of Nonconformity and Illuminated Mind.
对于学习和成长最大的障碍之一，是能够纯粹地长时间停留在相同的地方——不论那意味着相同的办公室，相同的关系，相同的职业，或是相同的国家。我不主张不忠诚或是不负责任的退出，但有时，为了继续前进你不得不去那样做。对于我来说，选择离开我的第一份工作然后去做世界旅行，紧接着后来又放弃了一份高薪工作然后创立了自己的第一家公司，这一系列的决定都是我人生中最有价值的学习体验的开端。我相信你也在诸如“不墨守成规的艺术”及“开启心智”这类博客中看到了这种策略被极力奉行。
2.Dare
2.胆量
We rarely do anything to shake things up in our day-to-day life. That’s usually fine – no one wants to live in a state of constant disruption – but sometimes you have to push boundaries, go to extremes if you want to learn. You can do this in remarkably simple ways. For example, I love Tim Ferriss’ challenge in The 4-Hour Work Week to “eye gaze,” or practice maintaining direct eye contact with everyone you meet. It’s amazing how uncomfortable an experience this can be, but it offers some great lessons in human nature.
在日常生活中，我们很少为了调和好某些事而去做所有的事，那样做通常会让人满意——没有人想要生活在一种持续中断的状态——但是有时候你不得不推动你的界限并且走向极端，如果你想要学的话。你显然可以通过简单的方法做到这样。举个例子，我非常喜欢蒂姆·费里斯在4小时工作周里，用眼睛凝视、练习和所有相遇者保持直接目光交流所做的挑战。像这样如此不自在的体验，使我们大为惊愕的同时，却为我们提供了许多关于人性方面的宝贵经验。
3. Sit
3.静坐
Of course, learning doesn’t have to be about radical change or disruption. As my previous post on making reflection a habit suggests, learning also comes to those who sit quietly. I have always been fascinated by the Zen practice of zazen, which involves concentration, introspection, but above all just sitting, often for very long periods of time. This can seem purposeless, and yet the practice of emptying the mind can bring great insight into the many ways we struggle and strive to fill it.
当然了，这种学不是说就必须要做彻底地改变或者中断原来的方法。就同以前我将反思作为一种习惯所表明的一样，那些安静坐着的人自然而然能够领悟到这种学习的真谛。我总是着迷于坐禅，它包含了专注，内省，但尤其是静坐，常常指的是长时间的。这看起来似乎漫无目的，然而这种放空感知的行为，在很多方面，可以为我们带来强大的洞察力，而这正是我们努力想要填补的缺憾。
4. Switch
4.转换
Changing up some of your normal habits or environments can help reinvigorate your learning or create new learning experiences. And this doesn’t have to involve a great deal of effort. It might be as simple as leaving the office or classroom and getting outside. Or, try an experiment like doing everything left-handed for a day (assuming you are right-handed). Aside from it being incredibly awkward, you will also begin to notice just how biased the world is to right-handedness. At a much more involved level, my life will forever be changed by the first time I really had to use a language other than English to get by on a day-to-day basis. (Rostov-on-the-Don, Russia. Summer 1993.) A switch that fundamental forces you to take notice of any number of things you otherwise take for granted.
改变你的一些正常情况下的习惯或者环境，可以使你的学习有种复苏的感觉或是创造出新的学习经验来。而且，这并不要涉及投入大量的努力。它就像离开办公室或教室然后走到室外一样简单。或者，尝试在一天里，只用左手做所有的事情(假设你是右撇子)。且不说这样十分的别扭，你也会开始意识到这个世界对右撇子是多么的存在偏见。更深层次地说，当我第一次真的不得不使用一种非英语的语言去勉强度日，我的生活将会永远地改变。(Rostov-on-the-Don，俄罗斯，1993年的夏天)观点根本的转换会迫使你注意到许多东西，否者的话，你就会视为理所当然。
Divest
5.摆脱
The Web is packed full of advice on how to declutter, streamline, and simplify your life. What most of this advice does not mention, though, is how much you can learn in the process. I chose the word “divest” for this one – as opposed to discard, or dispose, or cut, for example – because it is the opposite of invest. When you start to remove things from your life, you have to put thought into what you really are or are not invested in. You may be surprised by what you learn.
网络上充满了关于如何使你的生活简单化，合理化的建议。尽管，大多数的建议没有提到你能在这个过程中学到多少，但是我选择了“摆脱”这个词——正如反对放弃，销毁，削减，举个例子——因为那是投入的对立面。当你开始从生活中消除一些东西的时候，你不得不会思考哪些是你真正想要投入时间去做的，而哪些不是。你也许会惊讶于你所学到的。
6. Imagine
6.想象
I heard Elizabeth Strout, author of the Pulitzer-prize winning Olive Kitteredge, speak recently and I was struck by her comments on a scene in the book in which the main character, Olive, ends up stealing her future daughter-in-law’s bra. Strout didn’t know ahead of time that this is how the scene would play out. She got there through imagining herself as Olive and developing an understanding of what Olive would do given the circumstances. Gifted fiction writers seem to use imagination in this way as a matter of course. So do kids up to a certain age. For the rest of us, this ability tends to weaken in adulthood or disappear altogether, but it can be a powerful tool for developing better understanding of a situation, empathizing, and problem solving.
我听说《普利策奖金获得者奥利弗·凯特瑞奇》的作者伊丽莎白·斯特劳特，在最近发表了言论。我对她对主角在书中一个场景的评论大为吃惊，奥利弗最终偷了她未来媳妇的胸罩。斯特劳特之前并不知道这场戏将会这样结束。她是通过想象自己是奥利弗，并且逐渐形成了一种对奥利弗在给定情况下会如何反应的理解，写完了这本书。有天赋的科幻小说家以这种方法使用想象力似乎是理所当然的事，对于特定年纪的孩子们来说，他们拥有与科幻小说家相同的能力。对于我们其余的人来说，这种能力在步入成年后有逐渐变弱甚至完全消失的趋势，但是它却可以作为让我们更好理解处境，移情和解决问题强有力的工具。
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So, that’s what I have so far. How much do these resonate with you, and what other “under appreciated” strategies do you find helpful? Please comment and share your thoughts!
因此，这是我目前所知道的。你能与这些策略产生多大的共鸣呢?还有哪些其他策略，你发现十分有帮助却被低估了的呢?请注明并分享你们的想法!
Jeff
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