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重点、难点、考点 一、重点是： (1)常见的构词法 1)合成词：合成词是由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新的词。如：blackboard(黑板)，newspaper(报纸)，afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(铅笔盒)。 2)派生词：派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成的词，词根是派生词的基础，同一词根加不同的派生词缀可以表示不同的意义，还可以表示不同的词的词性。 动词变名词：＋后缀er drive(驾驶)——driver(驾驶员) teach(教)——teacher(教师) read(阅读)——reader(读者) ＋后缀or invent(发明)——inventor(发明家) visit(访问)——visitor(访问者) ＋后缀tion invent(发明)——invention(发明) operate(手术)——operation(手术) 名词变形容词：＋后缀y wind(风)——windy(刮风的) sun(太阳)——sunny(晴朗的) ＋后缀ful help(帮助)——helpful(有帮助的) care(小心)——careful(小心的) ＋后缀ly friend(朋友)——friendly(友好的) 形容词变名词：+后缀ness good(好的)——goodness(善良，美德) kind(和善的)——kindness(和善) 形容词变副词：＋后缀ly bad(坏的)——badly(糟糕地) quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地) 改变词义：＋前缀un happy(高兴的)——unhappy(不高兴的) usual(平常的)——unusual(不平常的) ３)转化词：转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。例如： hand(n .)手， hand(v .)传递， dry(adj .)干燥的， dry(v .) 烘干 ［说明］初中总复习中，词汇的复习十分重要。掌握单词和词组的用法是学好语言的前提之一。没有一定的词汇量，不掌握词语的基本用法，就失去了英语知识复习的基础，也就更谈不上灵活运用和综合分析能力了。 (2)词形变化 英语词汇的词形变化除了前面讲的词根＋派生词缀构成的派生词的变化外，还存在有一些单词词尾的屈折变化，它们是： 1)表示名词复数的词形变化。例如： hand—hands(手) picture—pictures(图片) knife—knives(小刀) city—cities(城市) 2)表示形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的词形变化。例如： cheap—cheaper—cheapest(便宜的) late—later—latest(迟来的，迟来地) early—earlier—earliest(早的、早地) 3)表示动词一般现在时第三人称单数的词形变化。例如： clean—cleans(打扫) catch—catches(按住) carry—carries(携带) 4)表示动词过去时和-ed分词的词形变化。例如： catch—catched(捉住) carry—carried(搬运) close—closea(关闭) stop—stopped(阻止) 5)表示动词-ing分词的词形变化。例如： walk—walking(走) make—making(做) sit—sitting(坐) 二、难点是：如何运用词或词组。 三、考点是：(1)单词拼写。(2)词形变化。(3)对词语的理解运用和相似词语的辨析。有关词汇的考题在中考中有10分左右。
【经典范例引路】 例1 选择与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。 ( )1 .Mary called him three times yesterday , but nobody answered . A .visited B .gave a message to C .told D .phoned ( )2 .Jim comes to visit us sometimes . That is always the happiest time for the whole family . A .on time B .all the time C .at times D .many times ( )3 .Jimmy tried hard , and in the end he did it well . A .at first B .at the beginning C .at the end D .at last ( )4 .—Oh , sorry . John . I forgot to post your letter . —That’s all right . I’ll post it myself. A .Never think about it B .It doesn’t matter C .Don’t be sorry D .I don’t care ( )5 .—Hello !May I speak to the headmaster ? —Hold on , please . A .Speak louder B .Wait a moment C .Call again D .Speak out (2001年河北省中考题) 简析：选出能替换划线部分的选项，这是一种常见题型。做此类题时应注意以下几点：(1)弄懂句意，特别是划线部分意思，以及各选项的意思。(2)能替换划线部分的选项与划线部分意思要相同。(3)选项与划线部分在句法功能上保持一致。第１小题划线部分called后接him(sb)，首先要知道它在句中的意思，为“给……打电话”。Ａ选项意为“访问”，Ｂ选项意为“给……捎口信”，Ｃ选项意为“告诉”，只有选项Ｄ .phoned意人“给……打电话”，与划线部分意思相同。且phoned与called的句法功能也相同。故答案为Ｄ。第２小题划线部分sometimes意为“有时，某时”。A选项意为“准时，按时”，B选项意为“一直总是”，C选项意为“有时，某时”，D选项意为“许多次”。故答案为C。第3小题划线部分in the end意为“最后，终于”。A选项意为“起初，开始”，B选项意为“在开始时”，C选项意为“在末尾”，D选项为“最后，终于”。故答案为D。第4小题划线部分That’s all right在此处意为“不要紧，没关系”，用来回答别人道歉的用语。A、B、C、D四个选项中只有It doesn’t matter与That’s all right意义相同。故答案为B。第5小题划线部分Hold on在此处意为“等一会儿”，是打电话时的交际用语。只有wait a moment与Hold on 意义相同，故答案为B。 例2 单项选择。 ( )1 .Students are usually interested in sports . Some like running ;some like swimming ;_______like ball games . (2001年上海市中考题) A .the others B .others C .the other D .other ( )2 .—Can you speak Chinese ,Peter ? (2001年北京市海淀区中考题) —Yes , but only_______ . A .little B .few C .a little D .a few ( )3 .Don’t worry ,I’ll take good care Polly .(2001年天津市中考题) A .for B .of C. with D .to 简析：此题是考查词语意义和用法上的区别，以及词语的固定搭配。在做此类题时，我们应注意：(1)先读懂题意，找出考查点。(2)观察分析空格与它的前后部分的联系及空格在句中的句法功能。(3)根据题意及分析结果，对比所有选项，选择最恰当的选项。(4)对于难度较大、很难直接从正面找到答案，就可采用排除法——根据题意和所学知识排除错误答案。剩下的便是正确答案。第1小题是考查the others ,others ,the other ,other这四者在意义和用法上的区别：the others特指某一范围内的“其余的人(物)”而others泛指“其余的人(物)”它常和some对比使用，即“some . . .others . . .”，the other特指“(两个中的)另一个”，other泛指“另一个”。故答案为B。第2小题是考查little ,few ,a little ,a few的用法：某一语言不可数，因此B、D两选项不成立。而little是表示否定意义，a little表示肯定意义。根据题干的意思应为肯定，故答案为C。第3小题是考查take care of这一固定词组。故答案为B。
【综合能力训练】 一 .根据所给英语释义写出单词(首字母已给出)。 1 .become a member of j 2 .have (clothes) on the body w 3 .almost not h 4 .not any ,no one n 5 .at last f 6 .the fourth day of a week W 7 .the opposite of cheap e 8 .father or mother p 9 .ice box f 10 .go in a car or on a horse or a bike r
二 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1 .“Thank you ,”he said (polite). 2 .Children must be stopped from (skate) on thin ice . 3 .She spends one hour (watch) TV every day . 4 .Keep (quietly) !They are listening to the teacher . 5 .Would you please say it again more (loud) ? 6 .Keep on (work) hard ,or you’ll fall behind other students . 7 .I’ve been on the Great Wall (two) . 8 .Thank you for (lend) me the story book . 9 .I often write “Best (wish) for Teachers’ Day !”on the cards . 10 .Meimei did (badly) than Lucy in the high jump . 11 .After ten minutes’ rest ,they went on (walk) . 12 .I saw a wallet (lie) on the ground on my way home . 13 .There is a fire (burn) in the fireplace . 14 . (pick) apples is better than (have) classes . 15 .They went to the park instead of (stay) at home last Saturday . 16 .“See you” is another way of (say) “Goodbye” . 17 .They enjoy (take) a walk after supper . 18 .I don’t feel like (eat) anything now . 19 .The teachers are busy (get) ready for tomorrow’s work. 20 .Don’t forget to take the (shop) list with you.
创新备考训练 (选自各地中考题) Ⅵ .根据句意，选择与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的解释。 1 .We are very glad to hear the good news . A .sorry B .sad C .pleased 2 .I will go to see my grandma this evening . A .visit B .move C .watch 3 .They have a lot of apples and bananas in the basket . A .some B .many C .much 4 .Alice will go shopping with her aunt tomorrow . A .buy something B .borrow books C .wash clothes 5 .The little boy is good at drawing . A .is poor at B .is slow at C .does well in 6 .What are the boys doing ?They are at work . A .are workers B .work here C .are working 7 .We were busy last week ,so we had a little rest . A .a small B .a short C .a few 8 .Mrs Green usually goes for a walk after supper . A .has a walk B .walks around C .wants a walk 9 .Jim arrived at the farm early. A .got on B .got up C .got to 10 .My grandma bought a big birthday present for both of us. A .both us B .we both C .us both 11 .—Hello ,may I speak to Mr. White ,please ? —Hold on for a moment ,please . A .Wait B .Sit C .Stop 12 .It’s really difficult to learn maths well . A .wrong B .easy C .hard 13 .Bob is very strong .He is able to carry the box. A .must B .can C .need 14 .Han Meimei has a few American friends . A .many B .some C .no 15 .We are happy to see you again . A .worried B .sad C .pleased
Ⅶ .根据句意及汉语提示，在下列各句空缺处写出各单词的正确形式。 1 .Can you answer my (三) question in English ? 2 .Mary did (差) in the exam than Lucy . 3 .Look !They are talking (高兴) in the room . 4 .I (驾驶) my car to Beijing last summer . 5 .My house is not far from my (叔叔) . 6 .The sun is (照耀) brightly in the sky . 7 .They will bring some (土豆) for a picnic tomorrow . 8 .He gets on very well with his (父母) . 9 .I like (浅) colours ,for example ,white . 10 .Mr Wang (搬迁) here last week .He is a new comer . 11 .I usually go to work on (步行) . 12 .There are ten (班级) in our grade . 13 .Lucy studies (努力地) than Lily 14 .Mr Smith will give us a talk at the (会议) . 15 .—Excuse me ,may I (借) your eraser ? —Certainly .here you are . 16 .It is an (容易的) question .I can answer it . 17 .He won’t do it .I won’t do it , (也) . 18 .Is there a (书桌) in your room ? 19 .Your hands are so (脏的) again .Go and wash them . 20 .They have planted more than two (千) young trees this spring .
Ⅷ .根据句子的意思和首字母提示，用适当的词填空，使句子的意思连贯与正确。 1 .Whose is this T-shirt ?It isn’t m .It’s hers . 2 .This bag is big .Please give me a s one . 3 .My father works in a hospital .He is a d . 4 .April is the f month of the year . 5 .When the lights are g ,the traffic can go . 6 .Fifteen minutes is a q . 7 .September 10th is T Day . 8 .C is spoken by the largest number of people in the world . 9 .When s comes ,everything begins to grow .It’s my favourite season of the year . 10 .—Pardon ,doctor ? —I said ,“Take the m three times a day ,and you’ll be well soon .” 11 .Mr Turner liked visiting some places of great interest ,but he didn’t want to s too much money . 12 .—Have you watched the seven o’clock CCTV news report ? —Yes .There is a lot of i news in it . 13 .You look w .What’s wrong with you ? 14 .—Do you mind cleaning your room ?It’s very d . —Certainly not .I’ll do it as soon as possible .
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来自： MouseHappy > 《英语语法》
