(一)[基础讲解] 一、名词所有格 在英语中有些名词可以加“'s”来表示所有关系,所属关系,动作执行者,动作承受者等意义,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。 1)表示有生命的东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词的所有格,一般在名词的词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。如:the teacher's desk,the cat's name。 如果词尾是s结尾,只加“'”。如:the students'classroom,the workers'factory。 不以s结尾的复数名词要加“'s”。如:Children's Day,the People's Hospital。 如果是人名或称呼时,在词尾加“'s”。如:Uncle Wang's machine, Lucy's birthday。 如果一个事物为两个人共有,只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”,如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。例如:Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间 表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。 如:the tailor’s 裁缝店,the barber’s理发店,go to the doctor’s上诊所, at my uncle’s在我叔叔家 2)表示无生命的东西的名词,通常都采用“of+名词”的结构表示所有关系。如:the windows of that house,a map of China。 3)表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of词组表示所有格,特别是在名词较长,名词有较多或较长的定语时,常采用词组表示所有关系。如:the dog of the eight-year-old girl,the story of Dr Bethune。 4)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等无生命的东西,也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如:half an hour's walk,today's newspaper。 5)表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词,常用“of+所有格”来表示所属关系。例如: He is an old friend of my father’s. This is a picture of Mary’s. 二、冠词的位置 冠词一般放在名词之前,名词之前若有形容词,冠词放在形容词之前。但是,下列句型例外: 1.冠词放在quite,what,such,many之后。如: quite a different expression, such a boy, many a book What a nice watch! 2.so/as/too/how+形容词+a(n)+名词,如: It’s too difficult a book for us. How wonderful a story it is! 3.all,both放在the之前。如: 4.half可位于冠词之前,也可位于冠词之后。如:half an hour=a half hour 5.rather可位于冠词前或后。如:a rather nice coat, rather a busy afternoon (二)[基础过关] 1. The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car. A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’ 答案 C 解析 名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易 2. George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson,but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A./;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;a 答案 C 解析 a Sunday某个星期天;at church做礼拜,为固定短语。句意为:……但他确定那是个周日,因为大家都在做礼拜。 3. —How about Christmas evening party? —I should say it was success. A.a;a B.the;a C.a;/ D.the;/ 答案 B 解析 Christmas evening party特指双方都知道的圣诞晚会,是特指;而success前加a,表示成功的人或事,是将抽象名词具体化了。 4. walk is expected to last all day,so bring packed lunch. A.A;a B.The;/ C.The;a D.A;/ 答案 C 解析 第一个空格处表特指,即预料到这次步行要花费一整天的时间,所以就带了一份盒饭作为午饭。表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词,但当与形容词连用时,则需要加不定冠词。 5. —Hello,could I speak to Mr.Smith? —Sorry,wrong number.There isn’t Mr.Smith here. A./ B.a C.the D.one 答案 B 解析 此题考查冠词的用法。句意为:——您好,我可以与史密斯先生讲话吗?——对不起,您拨错号码了,此处没有一位叫史密斯的先生。故此处泛指“任何一个叫史密斯的人”,one用来强调数量,不合要求,故答案为B项。 6. I know you don’t like music very much.But what do you think of music in the film we saw yesterday? A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the 答案 D 解析 在第一空中,music是不可数名词为泛指,因此不用任何冠词;第二空特指我们看的电影中的音乐,因此加the。 7. My of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends. A.idea B.opinion C.mind D.thought 解析 本题考查名词的区别。idea主意,想法,打算;opinion观点,表示对某事情的评论;mind思维,心思;thought想法。根据题意“我打算本周末与好朋友一起外出。”选A答案。 8. The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has all over the country. A.companies B.branches C.organizations D.businesses 答案 A 解析 本题考查名词的区别。company公司;organization组织;business商业,买卖;branch分支,分部,分店等。故选B项。 9. It is said that dogs will keep you for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A.safety B.company C.house D.friend 答案 B 解析 题意为:据说当你感到孤独时,只要你需要,狗都会一直陪伴你。safety安全;company伙伴;house 房屋;friend朋友。keep sb. company陪伴某人,根据题意选B项。 10. Finding information in today’s world is easy.The is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not. A.ability B.competition C.challenge D.knowledge 答案 C 解析 句意为:在当今世界找到信息很容易,难题在于你如何判断你所获取的信息是否有用。challenge挑战,(具有挑战性或刺激性的)任务;ability能力;competition竞赛。 (三)[能力提高] 1. Students should be encouraged to use Internet as resource. A./a B./;the C.the;the D.the;a 答案 D 解析 the Internet因特网,为固定搭配;as a resource“作为一种资源”,此处用a表示泛指。 2. I like color of your skirt.It is good match for your blouse. A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the;the 答案 C 解析 本题考查冠词。“你裙子的颜色”是特指,应用the;“与你的衬衣是很好的搭配”表泛指用a。 3. Christmas is special holiday when whole family are supposed to get together. A.the;the B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the 答案 D 解析 第一个空白处填a表示“类别”;the whole family特指“一家人”。 4. Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise. A.a; / B.the; a C.the; the D./; a 答案 A 解析 分析句子可知,第一个空用a表示“一种”,某些不可数的抽象名词前用a/an表示某种具体的情况或概念。如:a great pleasure。第二个空不用冠词,make room腾出空间/时间,room在此为不可数名词,意为“时间”。 5. Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor,my father’s advice was most important one. A.the;a B./;a C./;the D.the;the 答案 D 解析 成为大学教授的原因,为有所指,因此第一空为定冠词。第二空因为有第一空的范围of all the reasons,故第二空为最高级,填定冠词。 6. In review of 44 studies,American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of heart disease by 76%. A.a;the B.the;a C.a;/ D./;a 答案 C 解析 review是可数名词,表示泛指要用不定冠词a。heart disease心脏病,前面不加冠词。 7. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children. A.hand B.reach C.space D.distance 答案 B 解析 hand支配;reach够得着的地方;space空间;distance距离。根据句意,答案选B项。 8. The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles. A.length B.distance C.way D.space 答案 B 解析 length长度;distance距离;way道路;space空间,太空。根据句子的意思,答案选B项,指离那儿60英里远的地方。 9. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his . A.ability B.force C.strength D.mind 答案 C 解析 本题考查名词同义词的辨析。ability能力;force暴力,武力;strength体力,力气;mind智力;精神。句意为:比尔正在做大量运动,目的是增强他的体力。 10. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen as its best when he worked with others. A.temper B.appearance C.talent D.character 答案 D 解析 句意为:在与别人共事时,他证明了自己是真正的绅士,同时他的人性美也得到了充分的展示。temper心情;脾气;appearance外表,外貌;talent才能,天才。 |
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