| 结构定义 |
| CREATE TABLE |
创建新表。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE table-name (
column-def [, column-def]*
[, constraint]*
) |
| sql-command ::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE [database-name.] table-name AS select-statement |
| column-def ::= |
name [type] [[CONSTRAINT name] column-constraint]* |
| type ::= |
typename |
typename ( number ) |
typename ( number , number ) |
| column-constraint ::= |
NOT NULL [ conflict-clause ] |
PRIMARY KEY [sort-order] [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |
DEFAULT value |
COLLATE collation-name |
| constraint ::= |
PRIMARY KEY ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |
| conflict-clause ::= |
ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm | |
| CREATE VIEW |
创建一个视图（虚拟表），该表以另一种方式表示一个或多个表中的数据。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW [database-name.] view-name AS select-statement |
例子：
CREATE VIEW master_view AS
SELECT * FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='view';
说明：
创建一个名为master_view的视图，其中包括sqlite_master这个表中的所有视图表。 |
| CREATE TRIGGER |
创建触发器，触发器是一种特殊的存储过程，在用户试图对指定的表执行指定的数据修改语句时自动执行。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER ]
database-event ON [database-name .] table-name
trigger-action |
| sql-statement ::= |
CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name INSTEAD OF
database-event ON [database-name .] view-name
trigger-action |
| database-event ::= |
DELETE |
INSERT |
UPDATE |
UPDATE OF column-list |
| trigger-action ::= |
[ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT ] [ WHEN expression ]
BEGIN
trigger-step ; [ trigger-step ; ]*
END |
| trigger-step ::= |
update-statement | insert-statement |
delete-statement | select-statement |
例子：
CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address UPDATE OF address ON customers
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name;
END;
说明：
创建了一个名为update_customer_address的触发器，当用户更新customers表中的address字段时，将触发并更新orders表中的address字段为新的值。
比如执行如下一条语句：
UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE name = 'Jack Jones';
数据库将自动执行如下语句：
UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones'; |
| CREATE INDEX |
为给定表或视图创建索引。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX index-name
ON [database-name .] table-name ( column-name [, column-name]* )
[ ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm ] |
| column-name ::= |
name [ COLLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC ] |
例子：
CREATE INDEX idx_email ON customers (email);
说明：
为customers表中的email创建一个名为idx_email的字段。 |
| 结构删除 |
| DROP TABLE |
删除表定义及该表的所有索引。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
DROP TABLE [database-name.] table-name | 例子：
DROP TABLE customers; |
| DROP VIEW |
删除一个视图。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
DROP VIEW view-name |
例子：
DROP VIEW master_view; |
| DROP TRIGGER |
删除一个触发器。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
DROP TRIGGER [database-name .] trigger-name |
例子：
DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address; |
| DROP INDEX |
删除一个索引。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
DROP INDEX [database-name .] index-name |
例子：
DROP INDEX idx_email; |
| 数据操作 |
| INSERT |
将新行插入到表。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] VALUES(value-list) |
INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] select-statement | |
| UPDATE |
更新表中的现有数据。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
UPDATE [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name
SET assignment [, assignment]*
[WHERE expr] |
| assignment ::= |
column-name = expr | |
| DELETE |
从表中删除行。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
DELETE FROM [database-name .] table-name [WHERE expr] | |
| SELECT |
从表中检索数据。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] result [FROM table-list]
[WHERE expr]
[GROUP BY expr-list]
[HAVING expr]
[compound-op select]*
[ORDER BY sort-expr-list]
[LIMIT integer [( OFFSET | , ) integer]] |
| result ::= |
result-column [, result-column]* |
| result-column ::= |
* | table-name . * | expr [ [AS] string ] |
| table-list ::= |
table [join-op table join-args]* |
| table ::= |
table-name [AS alias] |
( select ) [AS alias] |
| join-op ::= |
, | [NATURAL] [LEFT | RIGHT | FULL] [OUTER | INNER | CROSS] JOIN |
| join-args ::= |
[ON expr] [USING ( id-list )] |
| sort-expr-list ::= |
expr [sort-order] [, expr [sort-order]]* |
| sort-order ::= |
[ COLLATE collation-name ] [ ASC | DESC ] |
| compound_op ::= |
UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT | |
| REPLACE |
类似INSERT
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] VALUES ( value-list ) |
REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] select-statement | |
| 事务处理 |
| BEGIN TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的起始点。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
BEGIN [TRANSACTION [name]] | |
| END TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的终止。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
END [TRANSACTION [name]] | |
| COMMIT TRANSACTION |
标志一个事务的结束。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
COMMIT [TRANSACTION [name]] | |
| ROLLBACK TRANSACTION |
将事务回滚到事务的起点。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
ROLLBACK [TRANSACTION [name]] | |
| 其他操作 |
| COPY |
主要用于导入大量的数据。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
COPY [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name FROM filename
[ USING DELIMITERS delim ] | 例子：
COPY customers FROM customers.csv; |
| EXPLAIN |
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
EXPLAIN sql-statement | |
| PRAGMA |
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
PRAGMA name [= value] |
PRAGMA function(arg) | |
| VACUUM |
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
VACUUM [index-or-table-name] | |
| ATTACH DATABASE |
附加一个数据库到当前的数据库连接。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
ATTACH [DATABASE] database-filename AS database-name | |
| DETTACH DATABASE |
从当前的数据库分离一个使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的数据库。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
DETACH [DATABASE] database-name | |
