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选择在哪里拍摄完全取决于你希望采用的风格，一年里的时间和希望达到的艺术效果。但选择在室内拍摄常常是一个让任何人特别是儿童适应相机的好办法。如果在野外拍摄，可能会因为让孩子固定在一个地方而手忙脚乱。 Find a clean background 找一个干净的背景 Clean backgrounds, needless to say, are one of the key elements of a successful portrait. Some houses might have amazing wallpaper or conservatories that can work well in creating one, but if the decor’s a bit dodgy, try using the back of a sofa. This works particularly well when you’re taking photos of children. Simply drag a sofa near a doorway and turn it around. Sit your subjects in front of it so that you have a nice, solid block of colour, which is the sofa back behind them. Since the sofa is being illuminated by light reflected in from outside, the colour is going to be rich and warm. Even a black leather couch works nicely in this regard. 毋庸赘言，干净的背景是拍摄成功人像的关键因素。一些家庭可能有漂亮的壁纸或陈设，能够轻易创建一个良好的背景，但如果房间的装饰有问题，可以试着利用沙发背。这在拍摄儿童时效果特别好。只要把沙发拉到门口，转过来就行了。让你的拍摄对象坐在前面，这样就得到了一个美好的、一致的色块。因为沙发反射外面照进来的亮光，色彩将会丰富而温暖。在这种情况下，即使用黑色的皮沙发也会有良好的表现 Under-expose for a clean background 用曝光不足制造干净的背景 Try switching off the lights in the hall. Ask the family to stand around three feet from the front door. Setting your camera’s metering mode to Spot and exposing for your subjects’ faces will under-expose the hall, helping to create a clean background. 试着关闭门厅的灯，让你的家庭成员站在离正门3英尺的地方。把你的相机设定为点测光，对准拍摄对象的面部测光将使门厅曝光不足，从而有助于创建一个干净的背景。 Dress To complement The Season 以衣着作为季节的补充 Shooting outdoors, it may be difficult to find colourful backgrounds, particularly in winter. So on dreary days, ask subjects to wear something colourful or stripy to give the image some visual interest and warmth. Conversely, in summer, colour is just about everywhere, from golden light to verdant green or floral backdrops. To prevent your image being confused, with too many different shades in summer, ask your sitters to keep it simple with single colours and designs. Bringing along a change of clothes is always a good idea. 在室外拍摄时，可能很难找到生动的背景，特别在冬天。所以在沉闷的日子里，让拍摄对象穿些彩色或带条纹的衣服来赋予图像一些视觉关注点和暖调。反之，在夏季，色彩到处都是，从金色的阳光到翠绿的植物，或者植物的背景。为了避免你的主体被夏天各种各样的阴影弱化，让你的模特穿单色或设计简单的衣服。带上一套更换的衣服始终是个好主意。 充分利用一天的时间 It’s not enough to take your subjects into their garden or to the local park and take their photograph. A good portrait captures a genuine expression or an unguarded moment, and these typically come only when someone is having a great time and forgets about the camera. Instead, plan days out with all your subjects. Think about your shoots as an experience – a stroll through the woods, a picnic with family, a day at the beach – that everyone is sharing. People let their guard down, you get more natural pictures, and everyone feels as though they’ve had a fun day out. Rather than had their picture taken. 仅仅把你的拍摄对象带到他们的花园或当地的公园还不够。一张好的人像照片要捕捉真实的表情或不戒备的时刻，而这样的瞬间只有当一个人放开心情忘记镜头存在的时候才会出现。所以，要和拍摄对象计划外出拍摄的日子。把你的拍摄当作一种体验——穿越树林的漫步，和家人野餐，沙滩上的一天——每个人都很享受。当人们放松戒备的时候，你就能得到更多自然的照片，而且每个人都觉得他们过了快乐的一天。而不仅仅是拍了照片。 Give the room a more Spacious feel 赋予房间更宽敞的感觉 If shooting indoors and the room feels cramped around your subject, try placing them in a corner and shooting from a low angle. This vantage point gives a greater emphasis to the lines where the ground meets the walls, which will travel from one key point out to the lower corners of your frame, giving the exaggerated appearance of open space. Using a wide-angle lens for this type of shot will enhance the effect even further. 如果在室内拍摄，而拍摄对象身边显得很局促，试着把东西放在角落里，从较低的角度拍摄。这种视角强调了地面和墙壁会合的线条，这些线条将贯穿画面的底部，呈现出一种夸张的开放空间的感觉。利用广角镜头更有利于增强这种效果。 Think about backgrounds again! 反复考虑背景！ Rarely are you going to get a great shot without thinking of the background. A little planning goes a long way and while a clean background is one of the keys, planning and scouting your location can save you a lot of heart ache. 很少有不考虑背景就能得到一张精彩照片的情况。一点点计划能使你事倍功半，而且一个干净的背景是关键因素之一，计划和查看你的位置能够使你不至于事后后悔。 Choose the best aperture 选择最佳的光圈 Shooting outdoors is especially tough because there’s often a blanket of colour. If you shoot your subjects at f/8 aperture, they’re not going to be distinguished from the background. Use an aperture of about f/2.8 in your outdoor portraits so you can achieve minimum depth of field. 在室外拍摄特别难，常常因为色彩驳杂出现主题不突出的情况。如果你以F8光圈拍摄，拍摄对象就会淹没在背景里。在室外摄影时使用F2.8左右的光圈就能得到比较小的景深。 Control exposure 控制曝光 When you move from indoors to outdoors you’re ceding an element of control over the light. If it’s sunny and conditions are high-contrast, zooming into your subject will give you a more balanced exposure. A telephoto zoom, such as Brett’s trusty 70-200mm lens, is great for this purpose on outdoor shoots. The more scenery you wish to include in your background, the tougher it will be to get an even exposure because of all the ambient light you’re letting into your camera at wider focal lengths. 当你从室内转移到室外时，你控制光的能力就被削弱了。如果阳光灿烂，环境光线反差强烈，缩放拍摄对象将给你一个更平衡的曝光。远摄变焦镜头对室外拍摄非常有用。你希望容纳到背景里的景色越多，得到平均曝光就越困难，因为焦距越短，进入机身的环境光就越多。 Make A Frame with Foliage 用植物充当相框 We’ve all used a canopy of leaves to produce a frame around a subject in our compositions, but you can take this technique to the extreme by getting down low and shooting from the ground up. Try using individual blades of grass, flowers and other ground foliage to frame people. The low vantage point gives the image dramatic emphasis, and the insect’s-eye view of the grass in the foreground creates an otherworldly appearance. Use Bounced Flash Indoors 在室内使用闪光灯 When shooting indoors, you’ll likely want to use flash, particularly if your shot’s posed. If you set a wide aperture, a shutter speed of about 1/60 sec and bounce off-camera flash light from the ceiling or wall at your background (direct flash light will give you nasty results), you ought to be able to capture well-lit portraits at ISOs of 100 or 200. 在室内拍摄时，特别在摆拍的时候，你很可能想使用闪光灯。如果你设置较大的光圈，1/60秒快门速度，把离机闪光灯的光从天花板或墙上反射到背景上（直接闪光会造成糟糕的结果），你应该能在ISO100-200时得到照明充分的人像。 |
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