一.动词be(is,am,are)的用法:说明身份,年龄,状态等。 口诀:我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。 be动词的用法: be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。 I am a student. I am a boy. 第二人称(You)配合are使用。 You are my good friend. You are a good person. 第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。 She is a good girl. She is so cute. 人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。
We are in Class 5,Grade 7. You
are good students. 注意: 1 综合解析当使用be动词的时候,前面请先加上第几人称。 例如:you
and I, Tom and I 例如:you
and Tom 例如you, Tom and I 练习:1. Where
______ Ann . She ______ here. 二 情态动词Can 1 can作“能、会”解,否定式是cannot,缩写为can’t。 Can 是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化。 Can 表示的”能力”为现在的能力,而不是过去或将来的能力。 1). for ability表示能力。例如: 3). indicating
permission表示许可。例如: 4). indicating
requests表示要求。例如: 5). indicating
possibly表示可能性。例如: 6). used to make
suggestions用以提出建议。例如: 三 情态动词Would 1 Would是will的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的"意志"、"愿望"和 "决心"等。 如:I
told peter that I would go along wit him.我告诉彼得我要跟他一块去。 2 would用来表示现在时间时时,不论是表达说话人本身的意志或向对方提出请求,均较will婉转。如: Would you like to have a glass
of wine? 你要喝杯酒吗? Would you please tell me the
way to the nearest bus-stop? [注]在日常会话中,I would like to和I should like to都可以说,I would like的简略式为I'd like。如:yes, I’d like to. Yes, I’d love to Yes,
very much. Sorry, ai already have an
appointment. 3 Would还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作 I found that retired persons
would often go to the park to play chess.我发现退休的人经常到公园里下棋。 When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.当他有个问题要解决时,他总是想办法一直到找到答案为止。 练习: 1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_A___. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not 2 The children___ play
football on the road. A. can't B. can
C. mustn't D. must 3 -Shall we go and visit the
History Museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B.
Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try 4 Excuse me. ___ you please
pass me that cup? A. Do B.
Should C. Would D. Must 5 ___ you like to have another try? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do 6 -Would you like to go
boating with us? -Yes, ___. A. I'd like B. I want
C. I'd like to D. I do 四
“there be”句型 There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。 ”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词, be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。 There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀: Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如: ①There
is a tree behind the house. ②There
is some water(水)in
the bottle(瓶子). ③There
are some pears in the box. (3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如: ①There
is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There
are some pens and a book on the floor. 肯定句:there is an apple on the table 否定句:there isn't an apple on the table. 一般疑问句: Is there an apple on the table? 回答:yes, there is.
/ No, there isn't 特殊疑问句:what is there on the table. 1. 定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2. 结构: (1)
There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2)
There are +复数名词+地点状语. there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。 ① There is a bird in the
tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ② There is a teacher and many students in our
classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 ③ There are two boys and a girl
under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。 3. There be句型与have的区别: (1)
There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。 eg. ①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。 ②There are two men in the
office. 办公室里有两个男人。 (2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。 ①A
week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。 4 变脸一:否定句 There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如: There
are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no
pictures on the wall. There
is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree .=There is no bike behind the tree. 5 变脸二:一般疑问句 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为\"调整法\"。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何\"改头换面\"的吧: There
is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars? There
are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water? 6 变脸三:特殊疑问句 There
be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化: ① 对主语提问:当主语是人时,用\"Who\'s+介词短语?\";当主语是物时,用\"What\'s + 介词短语?\"。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如: There
are many things over there. →What's over there? There
is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room? ② 对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用"Where is /
are+主语?\"啦!例如: There
is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer? There
are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③ 对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构: How
many+复数名词+are there+介词短语? How
much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语? 练习: 五 “have got” 六 序数词 七 一般现在时 一般现在时: 1) 它表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。 e.g. He can swim. I work hard.
I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理,表示格言或警句中 e.g. There are seven days in a
week. The moon moves round the earth. 一 其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前. 二 其句式变化可分为两种情况 1)表示动作, 一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。 They have lunch at 12:00. They
don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。 Jenny speaks English very
well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very
well? 含有be动词的要在be上做变化. E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student. Is Danny a good student? 三 其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。 做题时常见错误如下: 一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中 例:We
are plant (plant) the trees in spring. 解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be 、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。” 二、单三人称形式易出错 例:1
He plaies (play) football very well. 2 Danny gos (go) to school at
7:10. 答案:1 plays 2
goes 解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es. 三、在句式变换时易出错 例:1
Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2 Brian doesn’t lives (not
live) in China. 答案:1 Does
have 2 doesn’t live 解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday. 四、对do的理解易出错 例:We
don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
答案:don’t
do 解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。 五、对主语的数判断有误 例:
Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is 解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is. 另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。 练习: 1 Jenny ____ in an
office. Her parents ____in a hospital. A work works
B works work C work
are working D is working
work 2 One of the boys_____ a black
hat. A have B there is
C there are D has 3 We will go shopping if
it____ tomorrow. A don't rain Bdidn't rain
Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain 4 He said the sun ____in the
east and ____in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set
D rise; sets 5 Wang Mei ____ music and
often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 6 Jenny____ English every
evening. A has study B studies
C study D studied 答案:1
B 2D
3C 4B 5B 6B 1 I can take Li Ming there
when he _____ ( come) to visit. 2 _____your
sister_____(know)English? 3Her home____ _____
______(远离
)her school. 4The pot_____(not look) like
yours very much. 5 Where
_____you____(have)lunch every day? 6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming? 7 ______she_____(do) the
housework every day? 8 Jenny and Danny
usually______(play) games in the afternoon . 答案:1
comes 2 Does know 3
is away from 4 doesn't look 5 do have
6 wants 7 does do 8
play 补充知识点: 一.this,that和it用法 (1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。 (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如: This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如: This is a pen. That is a
pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。 (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如: This is Helen. Helen, this is
Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。 (5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如: This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。 (6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如: —Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗? —Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁? 注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说: I am…, Are you…?/Who are you? (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如: ①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗? —Yes, it
is. 是的,它是。 ②—What’s that? 那是什么? —It’s a
kite. 是只风筝。 二. these和those用法 this, that, these和those是指示代词, these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事; those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。 ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s
bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。 ②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗? 在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。 ④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗? Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。 三.不定冠词a和an a和an都是不定冠词,表示一(个,支,本,块……)的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来限定名词。 a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前,如:a
pencil(一支铅笔),a book(一本书); an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语, 用a还是用an,则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如: a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟 a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书 a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果 an apple 一个苹果 四. 名词+’s所有格 名词+’s所有格 单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ” Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈 以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’” Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书 不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ ’s ” Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋 表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s 表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈) Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子) 五.like一词的用法 like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。 (1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如: I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。 (2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如: Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。 (3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如: I like reading, but I like to
watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。 六.句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素 (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。 She is a girl. →They are girls. (2)am,is要变为are。如: I’m a student. →We are students. (3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如: He is a boy. →They are boys. (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如: It is an apple. →They are apples. (5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如: This is a box. →These are boxes. 七.英语日期的表示法 英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。 用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。 如:August
2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。 也可以用日+月+年来表示。 如:10th
May,2003(2003年5月10日) 英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。 ①She was born in 1989 ②She
was born in August. ③She was born in August 1989. ④She was born on 2nd August,
1989. 八. 时间的表达法 (1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字 7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen (2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线) 1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30
half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38
twenty-two to five (3)12小时制 6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分 (4)24小时制 13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分 (5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45
a quarter to six (6)时间前通常用at. at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m. 九 关于时间的问法 (1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点 ①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候? ②My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是 这里就是指一天的时间段 ①When do you go home? 你几点回家? ②I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4:30回家. 这里when问的是具体的时间。 (2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问 ①What time is it now? 现在几点了? or What’s the time? 几点了? It’s 9:26. 现在九点二十六。 ②What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了? It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minutes
late 8:36,哦,它慢了50分钟。 ③What time do you get up? 你几点起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。 十 名词复数: 在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun) 不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用; 可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID
card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下: (1) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记: child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer (2)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”: book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons (3)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es” box→boxes,watch→watches (4)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es” family→families,comedy→comedies (5)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves (6)不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 十一 want用法 (1)想干什么用want to do sth They want to join the sports
club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。 (2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化 ①He wants to play basketball. ②Li Xia wants to play the
piano. (3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does. ①-Do you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do . / No , I don’t. ②-Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does . / No , he
doesn’t 十二 人称代词 主格: I
we you she he it they 宾格:
me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs |
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