难点1 1. 引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that, in order that, for fear(that), in case, lest等。 2. 引导结果状语从句的连词有:so that, so...that, such...that。在非正式语体中,so...that和such...that引导句子时that可以省略,但要注意其结构形式:so+形容词/副词+that从句;so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句;so +many/much/few/little+名词+that从句;such +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句;such+形容词+名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句;such +a lot of /lots of +名词+that从句。 难点2 引导比较状语从句的连词有:than; as...as; not so...as; the+比较级,the+比较级。 引导方式状语从句的连词有:as, as if, as though等,多放在主句之后。其中as if 或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。 通关锦囊 用途丰富的when和where 1. when when用作疑问副词,引导特殊疑问句,意为"什么时间",如: When will you come back? when用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,表示主从句的动作同时发生,在不同的语境中可有不同的理解: (1) 意为"当……的时候",可以表示时间段,也可表示时间点。 (2) 表示动作的"突然"性,意为"这时突然……"。常构成以下句式: ① was/were doing...when... "正在…… 突然……",如: ② be about to do...when... "正要…… 突然……",如: Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. (3) 意为"既然,考虑到",相当于since, considering that,如: How can they expect to learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching TV? when用作关系副词,引导定语从句,本身在从句中作时间状语,可换成"介词+which",如: Sunday is the day when (=on which)few people go to work. when用作连接副词,引导名词性从句,本身在从句中作时间状语,意为"……时候",如: When he will come back is not known yet. 2. where where除了引导特殊疑问句以外,还可以引导下列从句: (1) 引导名词性从句。where引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时, 既可以表示"地点"概念,还可以表示"场合"、"形势"、"情况"等概念。如: Where the meeting will be held is not known yet. (主语从句) I don’t know where I was mistaken. (宾语从句) The question is where we can get so much money. (表语从句) The question where he has gone puzzles us. (同位语从句) (2) 引导定语从句。where引导定语从句时,既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;本身在从句中作地点状语,相当于"介词+which",从句的前面不仅可以用表示"地点"的名词,还可以用表示"场合"、"形势"、"情况"等的名词来作定语从句的先行词。 (3) 引导地点状语从句 where引导地点状语从句时,说明动作发生的地点。where本身在从句中作地点状语。如: There were dirty marks on her trousers where she had wiped her hands. |
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