DNS服务——BIND(named)(2009-09-09 22:43:36)
域名解析的方法
- HOSTS文件:适用于小型网络(文本文件)
- NIS服务器:
- DNS服务器:分布式解析
/etc/hosts ,也负责映射,但它通常是当作DNS的备份出现的
unix上dns客户端的设置
# vi /etc/resolv.conf domain xxx nameserver 192.168.2.1 search iei.com
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- /etc/nsswitch.conf文件 用于记录主机名的搜索顺序等信息
vi /etc/nsswitch.conf hosts: files dns
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- nslookup www.sun.com nslookup测试
/etc/resolv.conf 设DNS SERVER与nslookup测试DNS正确与否
[root@old145 mac]# cat /etc/resolv.conf search iei.com nameserver 219.142.217.166
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[root@old145 mac]# nslookup www.cisco.com Server: 219.142.217.166 Address: 219.142.217.166#53
Non-authoritative answer: Name: www.cisco.com Address: 198.133.219.25
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nslookup也可以反查:查IP地址的域名
[root@old145 mac]# nslookup 198.133.219.25 Server: 219.142.217.166 Address: 219.142.217.166#53
Non-authoritative answer: 25.219.133.198.in-addr.arpa name = www.cisco.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from: 219.133.198.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns1.cisco.com. 219.133.198.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns2.cisco.com. ns1.cisco.com internet address = 128.107.241.185 ns2.cisco.com internet address = 64.102.255.44
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named 安装配置步骤 在Linux中都是用Bind来实现DNS,即“named进程”
options { directory "/var/named"; 此目录是形式上的目录,其实其内的zone文件是通过ln链接指令指向/var/named/chroot/var/named/ dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; };
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zone “区域名” IN { type master/slave/hint 定义区域类型
master 主DNS slave 辅DNS (很少用) hint 根,只用于下面的”.” named.ca
file “文件名” 区域文件名,此文件存于/var/named目录下 };
zone "" IN { type master; file "macg.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; |
zone "." IN { 根区域 type hint; 类型:根 file "named.ca"; /var/named/named.ca 指向上级DNS(通常是公网顶级DNS) 该文件不需要管理员更改,而是系统自带 }; |
[root@localhost named]# more macg.zone $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA @ root ( @则代表相应的域名, 42 3H 15M 1W | |