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在哈佛商学院管理实务课教授罗伯特?卡普兰教授看来即使杰出的创新者史蒂夫?乔布斯也需要学习如何做领导，他最近出了本新书《What to Ask the Person in the Mirror》。卡普兰在2007~2008年间作为哈佛管理公司临时CEO掌管360亿美元的捐赠基金。他还是全球公益创投企业德雷伯?理查德?卡普兰基金会的联合主席，2005年加入哈佛之前是高盛集团副主席。最近他和《机构投资者》撰稿人卡莉?克里基交流卓越领导人对于创建一个富有竞争力的组织有多重要。 1 You managed Harvard’s endowment during a turbulent time, and you advise several other endowments and state pension funds. What advice do you have for managers dealing with today’s crises? 1.您曾在一个暗流涌动的时期掌管哈佛捐赠基金，也曾给诸多捐赠基金及国家养老金提供咨询。对管理者如何应对当前危机您有什么建议？ Endowments must always focus on reviewing and updating their asset allocation decisions. The world is constantly changing, and these funds need to develop a policy portfolio that fits the needs of their institution and recognizes fundamental changes in the world. Investment managers must build a superb team, and they also must address tail risks and make sure they can weather downside scenarios. That’s why management of fund liquidity is a very important part of the job. 捐赠基金务必始终置工作重心于检查并使其资产配置与时俱进。世界日新月异，捐赠基金需要更新投资组合策略以适应其所服务的机构需求，同时敏锐感知世界的重大变化。投资管理人必须建立一流团队，关注尾部风险并确保可顺利渡过难关。投资工作中基金流动性管理非常重要的原因即在于此。 2 Is there a leadership crisis in the U.S.? 2.美国面临着领导力危机吗？ Leadership is alive and well in this country. Anyone who is willing to figure out what he believes and then have the courage to act on it is a leader. By this definition, you could manage no one and be a leader or manage thousands of people and not be a leader. I think people worry about leadership because they look at Washington and wonder why elected officials can’t seem to work together, compromise and solve our country’s major problems. 这个国家的领导力可谓生机勃勃。领导就是能够主动意识到心中之信念，并且有勇气将其付诸行动的人。基于此定义，也许你麾下无一兵一卒然而你依然是领导，甚或指挥千军万马而非领导。我想人们之所以质疑领导力乃是因为他们看到华盛顿的状况，想知道为何那些当选官员们不能团结一致，同心协力地解决我国的主要问题。 3 What lessons can the U.S. learn from China in terms of having one voice during times of crisis? 3.中国在危机时期举国同声，美国可以向他们学习些什么呢？ China is very clear on its vision and key priorities regarding its economy. Of course I prefer our democratic system, but we can learn a lot from China about the importance of the government articulating a clear vision for the country. China is coming from a completely different place than the U.S. They have a much lower GNP per capita. To build their economy, they have consistently emphasized development of infrastructure, corporatization and privatization of government-owned entities, and development of their middle class. 中国的愿景非常清晰就是优先发展经济。我理所当然地偏爱我们的民主制度，然则政府重视为国家清晰地指出远景这方面我们需要向中国多多学习。中国是一个和美国完全不同的国家，他们的人均国民生产总值太低了。为发展经济，他们如许年来一直大力发展基础设施建设，对国有企业实行公司制改造和私有化，同时培育中产阶级。 4 Will the death of Steve Jobs have a long-term impact on Apple? 4.史蒂夫?乔布斯之死是否会对苹果公司产生深远影响？ Steve Jobs specifically decided to groom a strong successor; attract, retain and develop critical talent; and establish a world-class leadership training program. One of his greatest legacies will be the superb team and company he left behind, in addition to the superb devices he innovated. 史蒂夫?乔布斯英明地决定培育强势成功者，吸引、留住关键人才并提升其素质，建立世界一流的领导力培训项目。他最伟大的遗产是其身后卓尔不凡的团队和公司，除此之外就是其发明的无与伦比的产品。 5 Are leaders born, or are they made? 5.领导是天生的还是后天铸造的？ I strongly believe that leadership needs to be learned. Leadership doesn’t come naturally to highly talented people. For example, if you are enormously talented like Steve Jobs, why would you ever delegate? Why build a strong team? Why not do everything yourself? Leaders have to learn to delegate and build a strong team. You have to be open to learning. If you think you have all the answers, you will have a hard time learning to lead. Leaders need to be able to ask questions and seek help. 我坚信领导力是需要后天习得的。对于天资优异的人们来说领导力绝非与生俱来。举例而言，假使你像斯蒂夫?乔布斯一样天资英纵，为何你还要授权他人？为何要组建强力团队？为何不事事躬亲呢？领导人要学习授权并组建强力团队。你必须开放自我善于学习。如果你认为自己无所不知，那么你要学会如何领导就有困难。领导者必须善于提出问题且能够求助于他人。 |
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