新目标九年级英语专项复习教案、学案、讲义及练习题---复合句及从句十三、并列复合句1、基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。 2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。 (2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。 (3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。 (4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。 (5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 十四、主从复合句1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条） 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ② 关于宾语从句连词的选择： 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③ 宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时； 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④ 下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that... 等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由 so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。) 条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder. (即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn’ t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。) [注意] 1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。 2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。 (4) 定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 ① 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。) ② 语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。 ③ 关系代词或关系副词的作用： 关系代词who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。) 关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。) ④ 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。) [注解] 1、关系代词只能用that的情况：当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that. 如：All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。) 2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。) 3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。如：Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。) 4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who. 如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。) (5) 主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that,whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下,常用it替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。如：When we should start is still a question. (我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。) 宾语从句 △ 基 本 型 1. He won’t come. I think. (变为复合句) (1996甘肃) I ______ think he ______ come. 2. Miss Gao: Lucy, do you come from the USA? (改为含有宾语从句的句子) A. Miss Gao asked Lucy that she came from the USA. B. Miss Gao asked Lucy do you come from the USA. (1999武汉) C. Miss Gao asked Lucy if she came from the USA. 3. “Do you wash your clothes yourself?” Tom asked the girl next to him. (改为复合句) (1999山东) Tom asked the girl next to him ______ ______ ______ her clothes herself. 4. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) (1999福州) Li Lei wants to know ______ Peter ______ here yesterday. 5. Is the earth round? The little boy asked. (改为宾语从句) (1999哈尔滨) The little boy asked ______ the earth ______ round. 6. “Where does he live?” Mr Hu asked. (改为复合句) (1999辽宁) Mr Hu asked where _______ _______. 7. Tom’s father saw him sitting on some eggs. (改为复合句) (1999辽宁) Tom’s father saw ______ ______ ______ sitting on some eggs. 8. Mrs White told Tom not to throw paper on the ground. (改为复合句) (1999上海) Mrs white told Tom ______ ______ ______ throw paper on the ground. 9. Please tell me where we show our tickets. (改为简单句，保持原意) (1998广西) Please tell me ______ ______ show our tickets. 10. Can you tell me how I can get to the post office? (改为简单句，保持原意) Can you tell me the ______ _____ the post office? (1998甘肃) 11. Rose doesn’t know when they are going to repair the watch. (改为简单句) Rose doesn’t know ______ ______ repair the watch. 12. The teacher told the boys what they should do and how they should do it. (改为简单句) The teacher told the boys ______ ______ do and ______ _____ do it. 13. The earth moves around the sun. The teacher said. (改为宾语从句) The teacher said ______ the earth ______ around the sun. 14. Are you hungry? My mother asked me. (改为宾语从句) My mother asked me ______ ______ ______ hungry. 15. Why hasn’t she come yet? Nobody knows. (改为宾语从句) Nobody knows ______ ______ _______ come yet. △ 提 高 型 1. I don’t know _____ he will come tomorrow. _____ he comes, I’ll tell you. A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; if (1999辽宁) 2. Could you tell me ____ the radio without any help? (1999山西) A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 3. Could you tell me ____ do with the money? (1999重庆) A. how to B. what should I C. how I should D. what I should 4. Can you tell me how many English words ____ since 1996? (1999兰州) A. have you learned B. did you learn C. you have learned D. you learned 5. Miss Li wants to know _____ next week. (1999上海) A. when my uncle leaves B. when will my uncle C. where my uncle will stay D. where does my uncle stay 6. Can you tell me when ____? (1999济南) A. does the ship leave B. the ship will leave C. the ship leave D. will the ship leave 7. Alice wanted to know ____ her grandmother liked the bag. (1998天津) A. that B. if C. which D. what 8. I don’t know ____ Jane was late for school this morning. (1998湖南) A. who B. what C. whom D. why 9. They don’t know ____ their presents are. (1997武汉) A. when B. why C. what 10. Mike asked the girl in the shop ____ the watch ____ cheap enough. (1998云南) A. that; is B. if; was C. that; was D. whether; is 11. I think he ____ back next week. (1997贵阳) A. come B. will come C. came D. has come 12. Xiao Mao told me he ____ a film with his mother the next day. (1998昆明) A. would see B. will watch C. would look D. will see 13. Could you tell me if it ____ tomorrow? (1997辽宁) A. rain B. will rain C. raining D. rains 14. He said that he ____ speak a little English when he was five. (1997辽宁) A. might B. would C. could D. can 15. I want to know if they ____ the spring sports meeting next month. If they ____ it, I must get ready for it. (1998河南) A. hold; will hold B. will hold; hold C. hold; hold D. will hold; will hold △ 综 合 型 1. –Do you remember ____ he came? -Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 2. That woman wanted to know _____ her daughter liked the sweater. A. whether B. what C. that D. which 3. Have you decided when _____ for London? A. will you leave B. you will leave C. are you going D. you are going 4. –Excuse me. Could you tell me ____? -Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station 5. –What did your mother say, Tom? -She asked me why ____. A. my sister crying B. my sister was crying C. is my sister crying D. was my sister crying 6. I wonder what time _____ arrive. A. does the train B. will the train C. the train D. the train will 7. I wondered _____ our teacher did that for. A. that B. if C. what D. why 8. Did you hear _____? A. what did I say B. what I said C. that I said D. I said which 9. Can you tell me which room _____? A. does he live in B. does he lives C. he lives in D. he lives 10. The little boy often asks me what ______? A. will our life of tomorrow B. will our life tomorrow be like C. our life of tomorrow like D. our life of tomorrow will be like 11. Do you really know _____ used? A. how widely English is B. how wide is English C. English is how widely D. how is English wide 12. Would you please tell me ______ with Peter? He looks unhappy. A. what’s the matter B. what wrong is C. the wrong is what D. what wrong it was 13. –Excuse me, where _____? Do you know? -Yes. I know where _____? A. Jim lives; he lives B. does Jim live; do he live C. Jim lives; does he live D. does Jim live; he lives 14. I didn’t know _____ and _____. A. what’s his name; how old he is B. what his name was; how old he was C. what his name is; how is he old D. that was his name; he was how old 15. My friend hasn’t decided _____ on a trip to Wuxi on holiday. A. if he goes B. when will he go C. if he’ll go D. where he go 16. Did you ask her what ______ outside? A. was happened to him B. he had happened C. he happened D. had happened to him 17. The man in the shop asked the woman _____. (2000西安) A. which kind does she like B. which kind she is C. which kind is she likes D. which kind she likes 18. No one told us _____, so we need your help. (2000南京) A. how should we do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it 19. I don’t know ______ the day after tomorrow. (2000福州) A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he’ll come
(2000安徽) -Yes, they _____ to the library. A. where are the twins; have been B. where the twins are; have gone C. where were the twins; have been D. where the twins were; have gone |
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