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"There be" 结构用法详解

 MouseHappy 2012-01-09

“there be”句型是一个典型的倒装句结构,句中的there只起引导作用,并无实际意义,句子的真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。译成汉语意思是“某处有某物”,但这个“有”是表示“存在”,而不是“所有关系”的“拥有”的“有”,表示“所有关系”的“拥有”的“有”,要用“have/has”来表示。

    ①基本结构(也是最常用的):there be + 名词(主语)+介词短语(be是谓语动词,它在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词)保持一致,即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,复数时用are。)

There is a map of Chinaon the back wall of our classroom. (我们教室的后墙上有一幅中国地图。)

There is some meat on the plate.盘子里有些肉。

There are twenty boys and twenty-four girls in our class. (我们班有20名男生和24名女生。)

试比较以下句子:(注意它们之间的区别)

There isa pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。

There aretwo books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一支钢笔。

There aresome students and a teacher in the classroom. 在教室里有一些学生和一位老师。

There isa teacher and some students in the classroom. 在教室里有一位老师和一些学生。

否定句:

There aren’t any apples on the tree.树上没有苹果。

There weren’t two pictures on the wall yesterday.昨天墙上没有两幅画。

一般疑问句:

Is there a map of Chinaon the wall. (墙上有一幅中国地图吗?)

Are there two books and a pen on the desk.(课桌上有两本书和一支钢笔吗?)

Is there any meat on the plate? 盘子里有肉吗?

特殊疑问句:

How many boys and girls are there in your class? 你们班有多少男生和女生?

How many maps of Chinaare there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅中国地图?

How many books and pens are there on the desk? 课桌上有多少本书和多少支钢笔?

What’s on the desk?课桌上有什么?

What’s on the plate?盘子里有什么?

What’s on the wall?墙上有什么?

②there + 情态动词+ be(表示推测或猜想)

There must be something wrong.一定有问题。

There ought not to be so many people.不应该有这么多的人。

There might still be hope .可能还有点希望。

There must be no one in the classroom.教室里肯定没人。

There might be snow at night.晚上可能有雪。

③There be结构常见时态(有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等,其时态的变化都是通过be动词来完成和体现的。)

时 

谓语动词

例        

一般现在时

are/is

There are two chairs in the room.

一般过去时

were/was

There was a bike near the house a moment ago.

一般将来时

will be

is(are)going be

There will be a meeting tonight.

There is going to be a meeting tonight.

There are gong to be two football matches tomorrow.

现在完成时

have/has been

There have been great changes in my hometown.

常见与时态有关的句型汇总:

现在有   there is/are …

过去有   there was/were…

将来有   there will be…/there is /are going to be...

现在已经有   there has/have been…

可能有  there might be...

肯定有  there must be …/there must have been...

过去一直有  there used to be …

似乎有  there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有  there happen/happens/happened to be …

④在there be引起的句子结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可。

There is no time to lose (= to be lost).时间紧迫。

There is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不见有什么。

There is nothing to do (=to be done). 无事可做。

⑤There be结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用其他动词,使语言表达更生动形象,如live,stand,lie等词。

Long,long ago,there lived a king.很久以前有一个国王。

There stands a temple on the hill.山上有座庙。

Then there came a knock at the door.然后有人敲门。

⑥ There be结构的陈述句变成反意疑问句时,其附加问句的主语应用there,而不可用其它词替代。

There’s a beautiful flower on the floor,isn ’t there?

There aren’t any books in the box,are there?

⑦ There be结构中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如:

China is in the east of the world.不能说:There is China in the east of the world.

Their bikes are under the tree.  不能说:There are their bikes un der the tree.

They are over there.           不能说:There are they over there.

对于there be 结构的其它变形由于在中学阶段很少出现,这里就不多述。

 

【专项练习】

    汉译英:

    今晚不开会。

    这个村子过去只有一口井。

    这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。

    客人当中有两名美国人和两名日本人。

    天气预报说下午有大风。

    灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。

    在那时这儿一直有家电影院的。

    恰好那时房里没人。

    从前,在这个村子里住着一位老奶奶。

    公共汽车来了。

    就只剩下二十八元了。

    在这座房子前面长着一棵高大的松树。

    铃响了。

    二月份有二十八天。

    参考答案:

    There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight./There won’t be a meeting tonight.

    There was only a well in the village.

    There is a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.

    Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.

    The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.

    The light is on. There must be someone in the office.

    There used to be a cinema here before then.

    There happened to be nobody in the room.

    Once, there lived an old woman in the village.

    There comes the bus.

    There remained just twenty-eight yuan.

    In front of the house there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.

    There goes the bell.

    There are twenty-eight days in February.

"There be" 结构用法小结顺口溜:

there be句型有特点,主语放在be后边;变疑问,很简单,把be提到there前。

变否定,也不难,be的后面not添;肯定句中用some, 疑问、否定any换。

多个主语并列时, be随第一主语变;介词短语表地点,"有"表"存在"记心间。

There be,主语前,have/has主语后面站;

have/has表"所有",There be表"存在",区别牢记在心间。

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