阅读理解专题一：TheSkillsofReadingComprehension
----Howtoguessthewordmeaning
编制人：胡蕤审批人：刘功良时间：2011.11.6
【Ojectives学习目标】
1.?????Enablethestudentstoimprovetheabilitiesofreadingcomprehensionandspeaking.
2.?????Enablethestudentstodeveloptheskillsofguessingthewordmeaninginlearningprocess.
【Contentsandmethods内容与方法】
Contents:learnrequirementsoftheOUTLINE
Methods1Discussioningroups2Presentationandexplanation3Test
Teachingprocedures
Step1:LearningtheOutlineofExaminationandknowingtheformsofguessingthewordmeaning
【《考纲》要求】
根据上下文推断生词的词义正确理解文章中或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。阅读文章时常常会遇到过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
猜词技巧是一种很重要的应试技巧。在诸多的英语测试中，几乎都包含有判断生词或关键词词义的题目。考试中经常作为考点的词汇包括以下几种：
⑴常用词在特殊语言环境中的特殊意义；
⑵专业化程度较高的词；⑶生僻词。
猜测词义类题目中常见的设问方式
1Theword“…|”referto/probablymeans________
2Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby________
3Whatdoyouthinktheexpressed“…”standfor?
4Bysaying”…”wemean____
5“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas_____
6Whichofthefollingwordscantakeplaceoftheword”…”?、
【应试策略】
同学们在解这类题时一定要注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，结合猜词技巧，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然选错答案。
【Checkingofthepreview检测预习效果】
Step2Translation
1)Iamfeelingratherbluetoday.2)onceinabluemoon
3)ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeettoyou.
4)Don’tjustsittinghereinthecornerwatchingothersdancing.Let’sfootit.
5)WordcomesthatChairmanhuwillinspectourschoolnextweek.
6)Ifoundacoupleofsocksintheroom,buttheydonotmakeapair.
设计思路，，本练习集中了利用构词法，同义词，一词多义及从句等方面的知识，进行猜词义练习，做到词不离句，句不离文。旨在使学生在具体的语境中理解，学习词汇，扩大词汇量，变灌输式的教学为启发式的教学，让学生不仅能回答问题，而且能分析问题，解决问题
Discussionandpresentation讨论与展示
Step3:Groupcompetition
Workingroups..Firsthaveadiscussionforfiveminutesandthenguesstheunderlinedwordmeaningandtelltheothers:why?inEnglish.
Group1:
1Heknowsafamouscardiologist.Acardiologistisadoctorwhospecializesinheartdicsease.
2.Apersonorthingbeyondcomparison,amodelofexcellence,isknownasaparagon.
3.hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.
4.Thenursewasonthenightshift杅rommidnightto7am.
Group2
1Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople''shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.
2Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman.,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.
3Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.
4ThoughTom抯facehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.
Group3
1.?????Theadvanceofscienceisunstoppable
2.?????揈venwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,擱ubinwrites.揟hetwosharealittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings?
3.mea?????Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhitecollaremployees,whocanofferthenewservice.
4.?????Whenmenandwomenlivedhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturethemodernlife.
Group4
1.?????Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.
2.?????Tomcan抰playtennisnowbecausehecan抰findhiswhitesneakers.
3.n?????Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest,andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforhourswithoutseemingtogettried,thenyouareindefatigable
4Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.
设计思路：从学生已有的经验出发，用小组竞赛的方式能最大限度的激发学生的参与意识，给他们提供活动和交流的机会。交际任务开始，学生几个一组讨论，使用英语畅所欲言，这一阶段主要目的是完成任务，由于引进了竞争机制，学生们积极思维，为了本组的荣誉积极努力，认真探究。
Step4Askthestudenttodiscuss“howtoguessthewordmeaning”.Eachgroupsendsastudenttowritetheirfindingsontheblackboard
设计思路：分成小组向全班回报任务的结果，学生们自然会把注意力转移到表达的准确性上来。这种关注是处于表达的需要，交际的需要，因此是有意义的。
【Explanationandexpansion点拨与拓展】
Step5Summarizetheskillsofguessingwordmeaning
设计思路，旨在改变传统的老师一言堂的教学方式，为学生独立思考留下时间和空间，训练学生归纳问题，发现问题，分析问题和解决问题的能力，并加强学生学习策略的指导，有助于他们形成自主学习的能力。
【Exercises反馈练习】
Step6:Test(高考真题在线——实战演练)
Passage1.Whensomekindofpainkiller（止疼药）wasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecolorsturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.(，广东卷)
Q:Theunderlinedpart“thecolorsturnedthecustomersoff”(inPara.3)meansthatthecolors_______.
hadweakeffectsonthecustomersB.trickedthecustomersintoshopping
C.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestD.attractedthecustomersstrongly
Passage2:MostwomeninGhana棗theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andnhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的).
Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”
A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sick
Passage3.Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.
Q:Accelerationisthenamefor_______.
A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplane
C.anincreaseinspeedD.asteadyspeed
Passage4STOCKHOLM桝SwedeandtwoAmericanswonthe2000NobelPrizeformedicineonOct.9forstudiesonhowmessagesmovearoundthenervoussystem.ThediscoverymakesitpossibletodevelopdrugsagainstParkinson’sdiseaseandschizophrenia.ArvidCarlsonofSwedenandPaulGreengardandEricKandeloftheUnitedStatessharethefirstprizeofthemillennium,worthnearlyUS$1million,fortheirdiscoveries,Sweden’sKarlinskaInstitutesaid.
Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“schizophrenia”probablymean?
A.akindofillnessB.anewdiscoveryC.anameofasubjectD.anewdrug
Passage5.Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionshewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenateopposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever.
AkilledbystoningBsentawayCimprisonedDpunishedbywhipping
Passage.6Theprisonerseemedtorelaxbutactuallyhewasthinkinghard,whilehishandmovedsoslowlythatthemovementwasimperceptible.Itwasonlywhenthekeysaccidentallyfellfromthetablethattheguardsuddenlyrealizedthattheprisoner''shandhadalmostreachedthem.
AhardlynoticeableBheavy-handed
CnotcapableoffastorimmediateactionDamatterofhabit
Passage7.Mrs.Morgan''ssonwasintelligentandcharming,buthiscontinualextravagancemadeherwonderifshecouldcontinuetosupporthim.Eachmonthshewasgoingdeeperintodebt,attemptingtopayforhisexpensivepurchases.
A)superiormannerB)wastefulnessorcarelessnessinspendingmoney
C)showingtoogreatconcernforcurrentfashionsD)insultstofamilyorclosefriends
Passage8.Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany--forexample,theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes----Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.
A)pleasuresB)conveniencesC)dangersD)equipment
【Summary归纳总结】
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【_Homework课后作业】
1.Reviewthecontentofthislesson;
2Guessthecorrectmeanings
1、Inspiteofthefactthefishermenwerewearingsouwesters,thestormwassoheavythattheywerewetthrough.2.Aneastornorth-eastwindbringscolddryweathertoEngland,butasouwesterusuallybringrain.
3.Therearetwotypesoffat,externalfat(fatunderskin)andinternalfat(fatinsidethebodywall).
4.Beforelong,manydinersstayedopenaroundtheclock.Inotherwords,peoplewereabletoeatinadineratanytime.
5.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.
6.Tornadoes(violentanddestructivewhirlwind)normallyoccuronahot,humid(alittlewet)day,butnotnecessarilyinsummer.
7Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.
Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow
Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.
8Thatactresshasbeeninthepubliceyealmostallherlife.ShefirstappearedonaTVshowwhenshewas8yearsold.
结束语：这节课的总体设计是从学生的认知水平和生活背景出发，已使学生学会一种方法为宗旨，采用了“小组合作”教学的基本模式，调动了学生的参与热情，成功地使学生在活动中学会一种利用各种已知的信息，推测判断生词的阅读技能。这有利于他们在今后的阅读中，根据实际灵活应用所学技巧，排除生词的干扰，理解文章的思想，提高阅读速度，为在高考中提高阅读理想的得分率奠定了基础
温馨提示：
Agoodlearningmethodisworthathousandefforttoget.
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