1概念Definition：定语从句在复合句中，用来修饰某一个名词/代词的从句Youmustdoeverything
thatIdo.被修饰的这个名词或代词,叫做先行词定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面关系代词/关系副词:作用
连接先行词和定语从句在定语从句
中充当成分关系代词：在从句中，做主语或宾语（v.的宾语/介词的宾语）who/wh
om人,which物,that人/物,whose人/物，(所有格+n.)InAttributiveClause,
no“what”,no“how”.e.g:Twoboysaresittingatthebackoft
heclassroom.Theyareteachers.e.g:YesterdayIsawa
boy.HewashavingKFChappily.如果指代物,则用which,从句中可做主语/宾语:
Wearesittinginaclassroomwhichisverybig.Thefishwhich
weboughtwasnotfresh.whose所有格“----的”，可指代人/物的先行词，但其后肯
定要加一个n.,做定语Isawastudent.Hishandwritingisterrible.注意点：
关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单复数由先行词决定。Themanwholivesdownstairsspea
ksEnglishfluently.大部分情况下，可用that代替which/who/whom,指代人或物，而且在定语
从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略eg:Shelivedinthehousewhich/thatwasbuil
tbymyfather.Shewasateacherwho/thattaughtusEnglish.Th
estudent(whom/that)wesawjustnowisthebeststudentinour
school.关系代词在做从句主语时，不可以省去；而如果做从句的宾语，则可以省去。关系代词that指代人/物，在
从句中做主/宾语which指代物，在从句中做主/宾语who指代人，在从句中做主/宾语whom代人，在从句中做宾语
whose指代人，在从句中做定语，后跟名词Exercise:P11PartBIthasmanystudentsw
ho/thatarefromdifferentcountries.Englishisthesubjecttha
t/whichIlikebest.IadmiremostanAmericanladywho/thatte
achesusEnglish.Ourhistoryteachertellsusstoriesthat/whic
hareveryinteresting.IhaveagoodfriendwhosenameisSally.
/whoiscalledSally.Thelibraryisaplacethat/whichisquie
tandcomfortable.5.主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时eg:Whoistheboy
thatislookingafterthesheep?Whichofthelettersthath
ewroteisthebest?6.当先行词既指人又指物时egHetalkedabouttheteache
rsandschoolsthathehadvisited.7.当先行词作定语从句中的表语时，eg:Sh
eisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.注意点：1.介词前置：当关系代词在
定语从句中做介词的宾语时，介词可以前置，也可不前置。Ididn’tknowtheman(that/who/whom)
youtalkedto.Thisisthequestion(which/that)wehavehads
omuchdiscussionabout.当介词提至关系代词前时，指代人只用whom,指代物，只用which，不可以用
that/who。如介词没有前置，则指代人，who/whom/that皆可；指代物,which/that皆可。若
关系代词作一些不能拆开使用的及物动词短语的宾语时，如lookafter,lookfor,takecareof,pay
attentionto等，则介词不能提前。Thisisthebookwhich/thatI’mlooki
ngfor.2.)所以格转换：(指代物）Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesou
th.Iliveintheroomthewindowsofwhichfacesouth.Ilivein
theroomofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.3.)oneof+n.做先行词，定
语从句谓语动词用复数the（only)oneof+n.做先行词，定语从句谓语动词用单数Thisisone
ofthebestbooksthatwerepublishedlastyear.Thisistheonl
yoneofthebestbooksthatwaspublishedlastyear.4.way的用法
intheway以这种方式ThisisthewayinwhichIdom
yhomework.ThisisthewaythatIdomyhomework.Thisisthewa
y/Idomyhomework.Idon’tliketheway（inwhich/that/）sh
etalkedtome.Thisisthehouse(that/which)wevisitedlast
time.Thehouseis_____________________wevisitedlastyear.第
一句中，this是主句的主语，thehouse是先行词；第二句中，thehouse是主句的主语，theone是先行词。原
句中缺少先行词时，需要添加一个，常常添为“theone”。一定要避免出现：Isthehousethatwevisit
edlastyear？Isthiscollege____theywenttolastyear?A.that
B.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat补
充：1.当先行词是anyone,those,he,she,I,they,you等人称代词时，一般用who而不用th
at：Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Those
whowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbehereby7o’clock.2.
为避免产生歧义，而不用thatTherewasacertainMr.Whiteinthefactorywho
/whomnoneofusliked.(明确指代Mr.White，而不是thefactory)PartC1
2,4,5,6,7,8PartC21.ThisistheschoolinwhichIs
tudied5yearsage.2.Inthisschoolthereareabout30foreign
studentswho/thathavecometostudyChinese.3.Thesestudents
whoseparentshavecometoChinaforbusinessliketheschoolver
ymuch.4.Theteachingbuildingthat/whichwasputuplastyear
looksnice.5.Themanwhoisstandinginfrontoftheschoollib
raryistheheadmaster.6.Nexttohimstandsagirlwhosename
isTina.7.Tinaisastudentwhowonaprizeinthewritingcom
petition.8.Tinalikesreadingnovelswhich/thatwerewrittenb
yCharlesDickens.9.Tinaisthehostoftheschool’sradioclub
that/whichwasstarted2yearsago.10.Studentsliketheschool
news(that/which)theradioclubbroadcasts.补充练习：1.that/whi
ch2.who3.that4.that5.that6.(that)7.(that)8.whose9
.that10.whom1.Thelady(that/who/whom)youtookaphotoofy
esterdayisafilmstar.2.What’stheaddressofthefactorywho
seadvertisementwenoticedtheotherday?3.Thisisthestadium
heoftengoestoonSundays.4.Aprofessorwho/thathasbeenwo
rkingonenvironmentalprotectionisgoingtogiveusaspeechth
isFridayafternoon.5.Hehasn’tgotenoughmoneywithwhichhe
canbuyalaptop.（三）单项填空1-5CCAAD6-10DDABD 1
1-15ADDCC16-20ABDAC21-25DCDDA26-30AABD
BPractice:Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether
.HaveyoubeentotheWestLake_______isverybeautiful?This
isthereason______hegavemejustnow.Thisistheway_____he
toldusyesterday.关系副词引导定语从句的词，除了关系代词之外，还有关系副词：when,where,
why等,关系副词在定语从句中充当状语成分。where指代表示地点的先行词，自己在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般情况下相当于某个
介词+关系代词Hangzhouistheplace.Manyfamouspoetswereborn
inthisplace.Hangzhouistheplacewhere/inwhichmanyfam
ouspoetswereborn.Iwillgobacktotheplaceandlivether
eforever.Igrewupinthisplace.Iwillgobacktothepl
acewhere/inwhichIgrewupandlivethereforever.比较：T
hefactorywhichmakesshoesliesintheeastofthecity.
Thefactorywhereweworknowliesintheeastofthecity.w
hen指代表示时间的先行词，而且在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般情况下相当于某个介词+关系代词Irememberthed
ay.Myfatherdiedonthisday.Irememberthedaywhen/onwhic
hmyfatherdied.Sundayisaholidaywhen/onwhichpeopledon
’thavetowork.比较：I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspe
ntinthecountry.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwevisitedt
heSummerPalace.why指代前面的表原因的先行词，而且在定语从句中充当原因状语，相当于forwhich
Thereasonisthathepassedtheexam.Peterissohappyforthis
reason.Thereasonwhy/forwhichheissohappyisthathepa
ssestheexam.Pleasegivemethereason.Youwerelatethis
timeforthisreason.Pleasegivemethereasonwhy/forwhich
youwerelatethistime.比较：Thatisthereasonwhich/thathe
explainedtous.Thatisthereasonwhyhewaslateforhisapp
ointmentwiththedoctor.先行词为way（方式、方法）且关系词在从句中作状语，关系词正式的用inwhi
ch,非正式的可用that或不用。Ididn’tliketheway(inwhich/that)she
spoketome.Shespoketomeintheway.定语从句中缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关
系代词还是关系副词的关键。区别于同位语从句：定语从句相当于adj.，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。同位语从句则相对于n.，
对其前面的词给予说明或进一步作解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。Thenewsthatweheardisnottr
ue.Thenewsthathegottheprizeisnottrue.Itisthefactor
y______hisfatherwantedtogoto.A.thatB.theoneC.whe
reD.whatItwasatourschoollibrary_____Iborrowedthisb
ook.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.whereItwasnotunti
llateintheevening_____wefoundahotel.A.whichB.that
C.asD.whereItisafactory____hisfatherworked
afewyearsago.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what解题的基本思路：
1.首先判断先行词的性质，是表示时间还是表示地点等等。2.查看先行词在定语从句中充当何成分。3.依据在从句充当状语还是
主语或者宾语，选择合适的关系词。NewspaperNo.5DDCBBBABBC1.occasion“时机”,充当
先行词，定语从句用when引导，when在定语从句中作状语。注意：case,point,conditions,situ
ation等表示情况，方面等的名词作先行词，定语从句用where引导=underwhich/fromwhich---，
where在定语从句中做状语。如：句（5）2.Thehousehasbeentakendown.Igrew
upinthehouse.3.noneofwhom介词+关系代词引导定语从句，介词之后的关系代词只能用whic
h（物）和whom（人）介词+关系代词前还可用some，any，none，all，both，neither，many，mo
st，few等代词或者数词。e.g:Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomar
everykindtohim.6.Onlythose(who/whom)heknowswellcould
beletin.7.Mr.Smithwentbacktotheplace.Hefoundthedia
mondinthesameplace.9.(Itcanbe)intherestaurant(that)
youleftbehindyourkeysandwallet.Youhaddinnerwithmeint
herestaurant.10.devote---todevotealltheirtimeandenerg
ytothelaboratoryinwhichofwhichtowhomwithoutwhich
fromwhichtowhichunderwhichafterwhichto;whichinwho
seP96PartC1whomwhythat/whichwhomthat/whichwhom
wherewhenthat/whichwherePartC2omit“it”which----w
hythat----wherethat----where---thepersonwho/thathelps
himalot.which----that/inwhich/——that----whenwhich--
--whenthat----why限制性定语从句/非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如
果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。Iwastheonlyperson
inmyofficewhowasinvited.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如
果去掉，主句的意思仍然十分清楚。这种从句和主句间往往有逗号隔开，一般不用that引导。指代先行词时，用which指代物，who/
whom指代人Mary,whosedresswasallwet,startedcrying.Thehouse
,whichweboughtlastweek,isverynice.Mr.Smith,whowasmy
friend,diedlastyear.Theprofessor,whomwemetatthetheatre
,wasMr.Zhang.在非限制性定语从句中，还可以用as来引导，修饰整个主句。修饰整个主句时，可用as/which
，两者有时可以互换。但which引导的从句不位于句首，而as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首,句中或句末，常用句型：asisk
nowntoall;asissaid;asisreported;asweallknow;asIexp
ect等。Thiselephantisstrong,as/whichanybodycansee.Asyou
know,heisagoodman.as引导从句表示“正如---，正像----”；而which无此意。as
引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame-----as;such----as结构中，as在定语从句中充当成分，做主语或宾
语。Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesasshetells.Idon’tknowwhy
sheboughtthesamedressasIbought.区别：thesame---that/th
esame---as“thesame+名词”后面的定语从句通常由as/that引导。1.thes
ame…as…意为“正如……一样”，as的先行词可以是人也可以是物。2.thesame…that…强调是
指“同一个人或事物”。例如：ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.这和
我昨天买的笔一样。ThisisthesamepenthatIboughtyesterday.这就是我昨
天买的那支笔。区别：such---as/such---that先行词前有such修饰，用as作关系代词，引导定
语从句，as在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他并不像他看起来
那么傻。such…that作“如此…以致”解，that连接一个表示结果的状语从句。such…that的句型结构可分以下三种：
1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that-Heissuchacleverboythateve
rybodylikeshim.他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。2)such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that-T
heyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatIwanttoreadthemonceaga
in.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。3)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that-Hehasmadesuch
greatprogressthattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.他进步得很快，
老师们对他感到很满意。定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间会由定语，状语或谓语隔开。Thereisanexpressio
ninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.3.Women____drinkmo
rethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhaving
heartdiseasethanthose____don’t.（2006北京）A.who;不填??B.
who;不填??C.who;?who??D.不填;不填4.Theownerofthe
cinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeop
letokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsof
pounds.（2006江苏）A.who?B.that?C.as?D.which5.My
friend,who______ontheInternationalOlympicCommitteeallhis
life,isretiringnextmonth.（2006浙江）A.served?B.
isserving?C.hadserved?D.hasserved1.He?is?the?o
nly?one?of?the?students?who?____?a?winner?of?scholarship?for?thr
ee?years.(2002上海春)A.?is?????B.?are?????C.?have?been???D.?ha
s?been?2.Is?this?the?reason?______?at?the?meeting?for?his?carele
ssness?in?his?work?(2002上海春)A.?he?explained???????????????B.?
what?he?explainedC.?how?he?explained???????D.?why?he?explained
?定语从句同位语从句注意：在havenoidea+从句结构中，其从句都是idea的同位语。Ihaveno
ideawhenshewillbeback.区别于强调结构：itis/was------that------
Itistheplace___________theylivedbefore.Itisinthepla
ce______________theylivedbefore.where/inwhichthat第一句为定语从
句，where指代theplace，在定语从句中作状语。第二句为强调结构，强调intheplace；itis---
-that拿掉后，句子结构完整。你能挑出错误吗?1.Thereisnodifficultyw
ecan’tovercome.4.I’mafraidthere’slittleIcan
doforyounow.3.Thesearethefactoriesandworkers
Ioftenvisit.2.Thisisthestudenteveryonesays
willwinthematch.5.Thisistheonlyoneofmyclassmateswho
alwaystoschoollate.thatwhichwhomwhowhomtha
twhichthatcomecomes6.Letthosewhowanttoaskthequestion
s7.HemustbefromAfrica,canbeseenfromhisskinco
lour.8.Isthispark9.Iknowtheladyhusbandisa
NobelPrizewinner.10.Ipassedbytheclassroomwi
ndowswerebroken.here.behere.thatwhichwhichwevisitedlas
tyear?Isthisparktheonewhichwevisitedlastyear?who’sw
hosewhichwhoseMakecomparison1.Thehouse_________theylive
inisnotlarge.Thehousein_______theyliveisnotlarge.
that/whichwhich2.Thisisthefactory________myfathervisi
ted.Thisisthefactory________myfatherworked.that/which
where3.October1isaday________wewillneverforget.Octobe
r1isaday______ournewChinawasfounded.that/whichwhen4.
Isthisroom____________youoncelivedin?Isthistheroom__
_______youoncelivedin?Isthistheonlyroom_____youoncel
ivedin?theone(that)that/whichthat5.Isthistheonlyship
________theywenttoShanghai.Isthistheonlyship_________t
heycanbuy.inwhichthat6.I’veforgottenall_______hesaid
justnow.I’veforgotten_______hesaidjustnow.thatwhat7.
Thenews____abigforestfirebrokeoutisknowntoallofus.
Thenews_________Iheardyesterdayisknowntoallofus.8.
Hepassedtheexam,________weallknow._____weallexpect,
hepassedtheexam.thatthat/whichwhich/asAs9.Heisoneof
thestudents_____________passedtheexam.Heistheonlyone
ofthestudents____________passedtheexam.havehasthatth
atAttributiveClauseHarryPotteraboywithglassesaboywho
isbraveandwearingglassesabraveboyAttribute/定语Theboys
whoaresittingatthebackoftheclassroomareteachers.注意：在
汉语中，定语再长也可以放在n.之前，但在英语中，通常adj.放在n.前（abeautifulroom)，而定语从句则放在n.即
先行词之后。做定语从句时，必须先把主句确定下来。IsawtheboywhowashavingKFChappi
ly.先行词关系代词，做主语Q：Canweuse“whom”here?e.g:Thepersonwho/
whomI’mlookingforisaboy.关系代词，作for的宾语在指代人的情况下，关系代词在从句中做宾
语时，即可用who也可用whom.而做主语时，则只用whoIsawastudentwhosehandwritin
gwasterrible.Isawabookwhosecoverwasdirty.thingsArel
ativepronouncanbeomittedwhenitisusedastheobjectinan
attributiveclausepersonsNotePossessiveObjectSubjectAnteced
entRelativepronounsusedinattributiveclauseswho/thatwhom
/who/thatwhosewhich/thatwhich/thatwhose/ofwhichthat
/which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)Footballisagame(that/whichisli
kedbymostboys).Thepen(that/whichhebought)ismadeinChi
na.who/that指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theboys(who/thatareplaying
football)arefromclass3.Mr.Liistheperson(who/thatyout
alkedaboutonthebus).关系代词用法：whom指人,作宾语(可省略)，比who作宾语更正式Th
eman(whomyoumetjustnow)ismyfriend.whose指人或物,作定语(不可
省略)Hehasafriend.Thefriend’sfatherisadoctor.Hehasafriend(whosefatherisadoctor).Ihavereadthebook(whosepicturesIlikeverymuch).“That”isusuallyusedinthefollowingsituations.Iamsureshehasnothingthatyoucanget.I’vereadeverybookthatisborrowedfromthelibrary.Thisisthefirstbookthathehasread.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,little,few,much等。(2)当先行词被every,each,some,any,no,all,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。(3)当先行词被序数词（thefirst,thelast,thesecond等）或形容词的最高级修饰时(4)先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatareaboutthismatter.Ididn’tknowthemantowhomyoutalked.Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwehavehadsomuchdiscussion.theone(that/which//)AttributiveClause（2）(which/that)which/that(which/that)(which/that)Therewasatime_____Ihatedtogotoschool.Itisthefactory______ImetMr.Smithfirst.Thisisthereason_____Iwaslate. |
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