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坚持三步走做好高考完形填空
2012-04-20 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  


坚持三步走,做好高考完形填空

备考完型填空,不仅要知道这个题型的要求,更要了解高考对他的要求以及高考考题的考察重点。在进行完形填空教学中要注意指导学生掌握完型填空解题方法和技巧

一.高考完形填空考察重点:

主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况,考查内容以实词为主,虚词为辅。考生综合运用所学语言知识和语义及逻辑推理的能力。大部分题目要求逾越句子层次,在理解语篇的基础上进行推断作答。设题考虑了文章的语言特点,有意识的增加了语篇理解和篇章结构能力的考查。

语言知识目标:通过教师的指导和对应的题目训练,学生能深入理解每个技巧,准确的选出最佳答案,巩固所学的单词、词组、句型和语法知识。

语言技能目标:提高学生运用所学语言知识的能力,培养学生对篇章进行整体理解的能力,学会在一定的语篇环境下(上下文的意思和逻辑联系)进行词义辨析和上下文逻辑推理、判断的能力,让学生对完形填空中的语境和语篇的理解能力得到提高。

学习策略目标:学生能在一定程度上形成自主学习、有效交际、用英语思维、分析问题、解决问题的能力,使学生在做中学英语。从而达到“任务型语言教学”的目的。

情感态度目标:帮助学生认识高考,了解高考,鼓励学生勇于接受挑战,充满信心和斗志。微笑着面对高考。

文化意识目标:鼓励高三学生多阅读、欣赏和背诵时代感强、英语国家的文化气息浓厚、体裁多样和题材广泛的原版英文材料,以体会异国文化,在阅读中习得英语的思维和表达方式,增强语感和跨文化交际意识。

教学重点和难点

1.??????文章的阅读和理解。

2.??????解题技巧的灵活运用。

3.??????用英语思维和表达,增强语感和跨文化交际意识。

《二》、教学过程设计

Step1Lead-in

1.??????对学生进行关于完形填空的问卷调查

设计意图:让学生进一步认识到完形填空的重要性,了解学生存在的问题和薄弱环节,为学习本课内容作铺垫。

Step2指导学生完型填空解题方法:

总的原则:“先完意,后完形”。

八字方针:上下求索,瞻前顾后。

三步完型:读---填---读查

A:三步答题:

Step1:Skip(跳读)thepassagetogetthegeneralideaandpayattentiontothefirstsentence.Intheclozetest,thereisnoblankinthefirstsentence(首句).Ithelpsustoknowthetopicofthewholepassage.(完形填空首句不挖空,帮助进入语境)

Step2:Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusingsomemethods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上,借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案)

四种常用的方法

1、上下文语境

2、词语辨析和固定搭配

3、利用文章中的信息---原词复现、近义词和反义词等

4、文化背景和常识

Step3:将所选定的词放到文章中复读完整段落,站在作者的意图定夺答案.

注意以下方面:

1.时态语态,主谓语在上下文的中是否一致

2.语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致。

3.段与段,句与句之间的衔接是否连贯

4.整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致,上下文的衔接是否合理

Step3While-practising

1.??????Acquireninekindsofskillstopractiseonebyone.

(1).利用首句来解题

Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14,hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobe37(anything)butafailure”.

36.A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful

(2).根据上下文语境,合理推断来解题

(A)Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),butIalwaysknewhewas37.Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest.

37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned

38.A.helpB.peaceC.smileD.praise

(B)HisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T--shirtortoloseweight.

43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreledD.joked

44.A.cleanB.straightC.largerD.darker

(3).利用语篇的标志性的词语解题

常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:

结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly;

逻辑关系:thus,therefore,so;

递进关系:besides,what’smore,further;

转折关系:but,while,however等。

Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)__1_vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.

1.A.disappointingB.wonderfulC.uncomfortableD.important

(4).根据逻辑推理解题

(A)…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_37_quitepleasanttaste.

37.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or

(B)Studentsgenerallyappreciatethesespecial50opportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.

50.A.workingB.livingC.teachingD.learning

51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discover

(5).根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择

Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.

37.A.dryB.distantC.desertedD.wild

(6).从语法角度来解题

Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.21Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed22(loneliness).

21.A.BeforeB.SinceC.AlthoughD.While

(7).从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题

1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__11_.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.

11.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall

2)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.

45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback

(8).利用词汇的复现解题

Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(珐琅)coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhavecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.

51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt

(9).利用语气副词的情景解题

….Iraisedthepistolandfired.Theanimalfellbackwardswithanangrycry.Fathertookthe___38____smokingpistolfrommyhand,andfiredanothershot,whichkilledthegorilla.

38.A.stillB.yetC.evenD.already

2.??????Afterthat,askstudentstogooverandpractiseagain.实战演练

1)Theworld''spopulationisbecoming__7__.A.fasterandfasterB.moreandmoreC.largerandlargerD.moreterrible)Thecity(Washington)wasnamed__13__GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after

3)Itisoccurringbecausetheweatherhasbeenalotwarmeroverthepastfewyears,which_41__themelting(融化)oftheiceintheAntarctic.Thiswillsooncausewaterlevelsto_42__andfoodpartsoftheworld.

41.A.liesinB.resultsinC.suffersfromD.escapesfrom

42.A.reduceB.riseC.dropD.move

4)Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas___andatthesametimefeelinglonely.

AhelplessBlazyCanxiousDtired

设计意图:为了让学生掌握解题技巧,所选的题目遵循由易到难,循序渐进的原则,引导学生熟练地运用这些技巧,提高解题技能。

Step3Post-practising

1.Askstudentstopractisetheexercisesfromtheentranceexamination回眸真题

1)…andthenbothendedupfromthesamehighschool,justthreeweeksbefore__,BillaskedMarkiftheycouldtalk.(2003北京第45小题)

AgraduationBmovementCseparationDvacation

2)Childrenfindmeaningsintheiroldfamilytales.Ks5u

WhenStephenGuyer’sthreechildrenweregrowingup,hetoldthemstoriesabouthowhisgrandfather,abanker,36allinthe1930s,butdidnotlosesightofwhathevaluedmost.Inoneofthedarkesttimes37hisstrong-mindedgrandfatherwasnearly38,heloadedhisfamilyintothecarand39themtoseefamilymembersinCanadawitha40,“therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney.”K)(2009福建)

36.A.missedB.lost C.forgot D.ignoredKs5

37.A.when B.while C.how D.whyKs5u

38.A.friendlessB.worthless C.penniless D.homelesss5u

39.Afetched B.allowed C.expected D.tookKs5u

40.A.hope B.promise C.suggestion D.beliefKs5u

3)OnawarmMonday,JennyNeilsonboughtasandwichandparkedhercarundersometrees.Rollingdownthewindowsto41infreshair,shesettledbacktoenjoyherlunch.Suddenlyshe42abigbald(秃顶的)manrunningthroughtheparkinglot.Beforeshecameto43whatwouldhappen,themanwasthere,shoutingthroughherwindow,“Getout!”

Neilson44.

Pullingopenherdoor,themanseizedher45theneckandhair,andthrewheroutofthecarontotheground.Shescreamed,46herpurseandthekeys.s(08湖北)

41.A.bring B.let C.gather D.send

42.A.recognized B.watched C.noticed D.met

43.A.realize B.understand C.imagine D.conclude

44.A.escaped B.struggled C.refused D.obeyed

45.A.by B.around C.with D.on

46.A.burying B.forgetting C.offering D.grabbing

设计意图:这部分作为巩固练习,让学生体验一下高考,让能力得到进一步的提高,改进一些不良的做题习惯,让学生对高考充满信心。

Step4Homework

1.Gooveryournotestakeninclass.

2.Finishtheexerciseonthepaper.



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