2011高考英语阅读理解强化练习(5)

[稀饭阅读]高中版:2011高考英语阅读理解强化练习(5)

2011年06月17日11:39　 来源：新东方在线 【发表评论】

    背景知识：睡眠是我们日常生活中最熟悉的活动之一。人的一生大约有1/3的时间是在睡眠中度过的。当人们处于睡眠状态中时，可以使人们的大脑和身体得到休息、休整和恢复。睡眠是每人每天都必须的，良好的睡眠是我们学习、工作的保障。但失眠似乎也不可避免，但短暂的失眠并不值得担心。实际上这正是我们创造力最强的时候。

   
    拓展阅读：
   
    The Cost of Higher Education
   
    Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.
   
    A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
   
    Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
   
    If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
   
    Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
   
    1. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to
   
    A. taxpayers                        B. pressing calls
   
    C. college graduates              D. government resources
   
    2. The author thinks that with full government funding
   
    A. teachers are less satisfied
   
    B. students are more demanding
   
    C. students will become more competent
   
    D. teachers will spend less time on teaching
   
    3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to
   
    A. argue against free university education
   
    B. call on them to finance students' studies
   
    C. encourage graduates to go into business
   
    D. show their contribution to higher education
   
    参考答案：
   
    1. 答案：B。本题推断代词所指，较难题。There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. 往前看，发现前句就一个复数名词，就它了。
   
    2. 答案：D。细节题，简单题。根据题干关键词"full government funding"定位原文，根据"文题顺序一致"原则从上一题them后面去找，会找到Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities….and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. "lazy"转换成"spendless time"不难得出正确选项。
   
    3. 答案：A。结构推断题，简单题。题目问提到business有什么目的，就等于问议论文中的论据有什么用，地球人都知道：支持论点。马上从本段段首找论点：Many people believe that higher education should be free…从全文的哪都可以看出作者就是要反对free higher education.